DD140125A2 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING OBJECTS OF FIBER-REINFORCED MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

1 method for the production of articles from fiber-reinforced materials, in particular from layers of fiber-reinforced plastics and other materials also of different chemical composition and / or density, wherein the materials in the respectively required composition, shape, amount and time unit the individual stages of manufacture or -Vorrichtungen fed and processed there, wherein the mixed with hardener and / or accelerators and / or activators or sensitizers and / or Thixitropiermittel or the like. Mixed materials and / or layers on stationary or moving or transported or rotated surfaces of base materials, cores or production forms and the shaping and / or impregnation and wetting of, in particular, the reinforcing materials with the binders, preferably consisting of unsaturated polyesters or epoxy resins, and their bubble-free compression and Alignment by on the materials periodically transmitted kinetic energy preferably in the form of mechanical vibrations, with simultaneous or subsequent shaping and / or solidification, preferably by energy, in particular by suitable electromagnetic waves, is performed, and in which the mechanical vibrations or pressure or shock pulses preferably mosaic-like at different points of introduction simultaneously or alternatively alternating or zone-wise in an elastically deformable, z. B. of flexible materials or thin sheet existing wall of a unterläge, a core and / or a production mold and / or one in the vicinity of the surface of the pad ..

Description

- «- 187 551

WP B 29 d / 187 551

Method and device for the production of articles from fiber-reinforced materials

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and a device for carrying out the method for the production of articles from fiber-reinforced materials, in particular from layers of fiber-reinforced plastics and other materials also of different chemical composition and / or density, in which the materials in the respectively required composition! are, quantity and unit time supplied to the various stages of manufacture or devices, and there loading or processed * the hardener and / or accelerator and / or activators or _e sensitizers and / or thixotrope! identify or the like * mixed materials and / or the layers are brought to or moved into stationary or moved or transported or rotated surfaces of underlayers, cores or production molds, and the shaping and / or impregnation and wetting, in particular of the reinforcing materials, with preferably unsaturated polyester or epoxide Resisting binder and its bubble-free compression and alignment by periodically transferred to these materials kinetic energy preferably in! Form of mechanical vibrations, with simultaneous or subsequent standardization and / or solidification, preferably by energy, in particular by suitable electromagnetic waves, performed after. PaU ** / IVfM £

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the mechanical oscillations or pressure or shock pulses at different points of introduction simultaneously or else alternating or zone-wise in an elastically deformed) aren or stiff, z _t B, consisting of flexible materials or thin sheet wall of TJnter3.age, a core and / or a Production mold and / or a thin layer arranged near the surface of the substrate j of the core and / or the production mold and / or the materials and / or in a one-sided manner to the wall and / or the thin layer and / or the materials adjacent and filled with at least one sohüttfähigeru past enförmigen, liquid or gaseous medium -space or cavity generated and / or transmitted to the corresponding wall, the thin layer _s the medium and / or the materials and / or by means of the wall, the thin layer and / or the medium is transferred to the materials,.

Also known are methods and devices which operate with one or two-part molds and in which a flexible pressure bag with the aid of a gaseous medium presses into the mold and onto the materials when the pressure bag is cooled with air or by evacuating the mold, and thereby the in the already impregnated with liquid plastics Verstärkongsmaterialien air should remove.

The first method is known under the term "pressure bag" and the second under the term ^M Valaiuxnv er fahr en "

The disadvantage of both methods is that the air can only be partially removed from the materials and through the compressible medium "air" only. Body low strength can be produced, since the Reinlningsmaterialien or, layers pressed only on each other, and can not be pressed on each other * These methods are limited to relatively small and thin-walled Eormkörper

Although the vacuum method has the advantage of better ventilation over eggs Drucksackverfahren, but in addition to the

~ 3

Disadvantage that the liquid medium (resin) must be sucked very slowly into the mold and into the reinforcing materials so that the reinforcing materials are not moved by this suction and in some places reinforcing material accumulations and other reinforcing material poor places, whereby committee produced Both methods do not allow the processing of highly thixotropic or pasty resins. -

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known methods, to improve the main invention and to expand its field of application.

Considering the nature of the invention

The invention is based on the object, a method and a device for carrying out the method for producing and coating articles of fiber-reinforced materials, in particular layers of fiber-reinforced plastics and other materials also different chemical composition and / or density, wherein the materials in the each required composition, form, amount and time unit to the individual Herstellungsstiifen or devices supplied and / or * processed there, the with hardener and / or accelerators and / or activators or sensitizers and / or Ihixotropiermitteln or the like, mixed materials and / or the layers are brought to stationary or moved or transported or rotated surfaces of documents, cores or production forms or in this and the shaping and / or impregnation and wetting, in particular of the reinforcing materials with the preferably unsaturated Polyester or epoxy resin binder and their bubble-free compression and alignment by periodically transferred to these materials kinetic energy, preferably in the form of mechanical vibrations, with simultaneous or subsequent shaping and / or solidification, preferably by EnergiesufLhr,

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-4- 187 551

in particular by suitable electromagnetic. Shafts, in which the materials to plates or profiled plates, profiles, open or closed objects or container era, also in sandwich construction, and preferably with both sides smoothercoberschlacke, without application of presses, high-strength and high-density and bubble-free parts are bar in which or with which the materials used in the reinforcing material or in the raw material starting materials, eg. Materials and / or air between the layers continuously escapes without evacuation $ draining the liquid plastic and / or slipping the YerStärkungsmaterialien of sloping or vertical walls or ceilings of the form or the zn coating body or liner is prevented, an Iransport of liquid or paste-like plastics or "the materials or materials from bottom to top or vice versa takes place and shaped bodies of any size, shape and shape, even with undercuts _s manufacturable are" coatable, the wetting of the YerStärkungsmaterialien with the liquid or pasty plastic or _o resins and a continuous compression of the entire molded body to an intimate composite automatically at the same time or continuously with the venting and wetting in a process step and the quality of pressed bodies reach, depending on the form un d size strength properties of the siu-generating molding or »the coating during manufacture can be influenced *

This object is achieved in the method according to the invention in that. the on or in a production form, a core or a form to be coated from the inside and / or outside in a known manner brought material © and / or layers through the first on a surface element and then with constantly increasing surface on its entire surface »Practiced pressure (static and / or hydrostatic pressure) of at least one in a flexible pressure vessel for the respective production au filling, incompressible pourable solid and / or liquid _s multiple times unusable usable medium preferably higher than the weight of the work =»

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substances or layers and by a pressure exerted on the medium from the outside and / or in the medium and transferred via the pressure vessel or its wall on the materials pressure (pressure) and / or applied to the medium and / or produced in the medium and over the pressure vessel or · its wall formed on the materials and / or layers transmitted pressure pulses or shock waves and / or ultrasonic vibrations, vented and compressed and partially or completely solidified during or before demolding by heat supply -bzw. are hardened, then transported or pumped the medium from the Preßbehälter and the Preßbehälter is taken from the lorm or dem.Kern *

This object is achieved in the device according to the invention in that the open or gas-tight sealable container contains at least one incompressible liquid and / or solid dielectric and / or permeable or other medium higher density than the liquid or pasty component of the materials or / or via a pressure line with a device which generates a hydraulic pressure and / or a pressure pulses, for. As an intermittently working pump and / or arranged in the! Liquid or in the liquid medium electrodes and these with at least one vibrator with surge current or pulse generator, consisting of converter, rectifier, discharger, switch, energy storage or capacitor, if necessary Transformers, and a Uetζ or _{β of} a voltage source and / or with at least one, preferably a number at or near the Porrn- or container or Idnerwandimg arranged electrical windings, coils, magnetic inductors, electromagnets, vibrators and / or ultrasound swing and a vibration generator, consisting of a switch in Porm a semiconductor diode, a program commutator or a programmer, an energy storage b.zw. Capacitor, a power supply, a switch and a network or a supply voltage source is in operative connection and comes into operation during operation in mechanical and / or ultrasonic vibrations and these on the between his and the Porm- or gestkörper- or Iiiner-

wall of "located materials". Transfers materials.

The Yorteil of the invention is that the objects on the one hand very high and bubble-free compressed v / earth, as the Z ₉ B "only possible with high-performance presses, and on the other hand, undercut objects and containers with the corresponding high Yerdichtungsgrad and more complete With the use of the invention, the productivity of the Yer reinforcing materials can be produced by the binders, which up to now was not possible.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. Seiger in the accompanying drawing

Mg c 1? an open mold coated with dry Yer reinforcing materials into which the liquid component and a partially filled press container are incorporated, in principle

Mg. 2: the production mold according to "Pig" 1 with a completely filled and closed press container;

3: the production form acc. Mg ₀ 2, sealed with a lid and connected to a pipeline leading to a pump and a storage tank?

4: the production mold according to .. Mg, 2, closed with a lid and in the pressure vessel befindlicher and connected to a vibrator electrode;

Mg _4, 5: the preparation of form like * Mg "4" and a or in place of the electrodes from outside the production mold whose wall * wound applied bsw _e j electric winding connected to a vibration generator;

FIG. 6 shows a device according to FIG. 5 with the core projecting in the lid of the production mold, projecting into the 3 ° orifice; FIG.

Pig. 7: one device after 3?. 5 with a specially designed pole, z · B, for producing undercut three-part bodies;

?] ig _e 8: an internally coated, a press container containing vessel whose outer surface carries electrical coils, magnetic inductors, electromagnet and / or TJltraschallschwinger;

Pig. 9 shows an example of the production of a thick-walled molded body or container between two press containers.

According to Pig «1, the device according to the invention consists of a known Eerstellungsform 1, the stiffeners or reinforcements 2 has.

On the surface of the manufacturing mold 1 are dry reinforcing materials 3, which are fixed and held there, for example by adhesion by means of binders or by a magnetic holding field using glass fiber reinforcing materials interspersed with steel thin wires or the like. In the Porm i and in the lower part of this is the metered introduced or poured liquid or pasty component 4 of the materials or materials, s. As liquid or thixotropic unsaturated and mixed with hardener and / or accelerator and / or sensitizers polyester resin.

Dipped in the liquid or pasty component 4 except for the reinforcing materials 3 is a flexible press container 5 partially filled with a medium of higher density 6.

The operation of the device according to Pig. 1 is the following: by the weight of the medium 6, which is higher than the liquid or pasty component of the materials, the liquid or pasty materials, eg, polyesters, of

down to the top in the reinforcing materials continuously pressed with the IMillimg of the pressure vessel 5 _? whereby the reinforcing materials are pressed, the air is forced out and the laminate is densified,

In Pig «2, the device of FIG. 1 is shown, but with completely filled and sealed Preßbehälter 5 $ which is closed with a valve 7.» The located on the lornmoberfläehe dry reinforcing materials 3 are already wetted by the liquid resin and das'laminat compressed by the pressure vessel 5 ·

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Claims (13)

- · »- 187 551 WP B 29 'd / 187 551
Invention application. : Process for the production of articles from fiber-reinforced materials, in particular from layers of fiber-reinforced plastics and other materials also of different chemical composition and / or density, "in which the materials in the respectively required composition, Porm, quantity and time unit the individual stages of manufacture supplied and processed there, wherein with hardeners and / or accelerators and / or activators or «sensitizers and / or shixitropin or the like mixed materials and / or layers on stationary or moving or · transported or rotated surfaces of bases, cores or production forms and the formation and / or impregnation and wetting of, in particular, the reinforcing materials with the binders, preferably consisting of unsaturated polyesters or of epoxy resins, and their bubble-free compression and orientation kinetic energy periodically transmitted to the materials, preferably in 3 of mechanical vibrations, with simultaneous or subsequent shaping and / or solidification, preferably by energy supply, in particular by suitable electromagnetic waves, and in which the mechanical vibrations or pressure or Shock impulses, preferably mosaic-like, at different points of introduction on the same side or else alternating or zone-wise in an elastically deformable,. B, consisting of flexible materials or thin sheet wall of a base, a core and / or a manufacturing mold and / or arranged near the surface of the base, the core and / or the manufacturing form corresponding thin layer and / or in a one-sided to the Wall and / or the thin layer bordering and with at least one pourable, pasty ^ generated liquid or gaseous medium filled space or cavity and / or transmitted to the corresponding wall, the thin layer or the medium and / or transferred by means of the wall, the thin layer and / or the medium to the materials, the materials in " known manner - such as by the fiber / resin spraying method, by applying dry Terstärkungsma-materials as mats, fabrics, strands, 'whiskers or the like * or Torformlinge or the like - placed in an open or sealable Herstellungsfoрm and in particular the dry 7erStärkungsmateria "lien forget slipping of inclined or vertical mold walls secured, d, h _ö * fixed or be held by P &UtoiA'Svws characterized in that the on od.er in a production mold, a core or a molded from inside and / or outside moldings brought in a known manner materials and / or layers by the first on a surface element and then with constantly increasing surface on their total applied pressure (static and / or hydrostatic pressure) of at least one to be filled in a flexible press container for the respective production, incompressible pourable solid and / or liquid, several times unusable usable medium preferably higher than the weight of the materials or layers and by a on the Medium exerted from the outside and / or generated in the medium and the pressure vessel or 'its wall on the materials transferred pressure (pressing pressure) and / or exerted on the medium and / or generated in the medium and on the Preßbehälter or _o its wall on the Materials and / or layers exceed agenen pressure pulses or shock waves and / or ultrasonic vibrations ge form 'v vented and compressed and thereby partially or completely solidified or hardened before Entformung by heat supply or hardened, then the medium transported from the Preßbehälter or pumped and the Preßbehälter from the Form or the core is removed. - τι - IKf hh 1 I © / JJ I Process according to item 1, characterized in that, in the case of the fiber / resin spraying process, into the mold, a core or onto or into a shaped article to be coated, e.g. Container or liner brought materials or materials directly, on the in the form or the molded body to be coated inside and / or outside brought dry or partially coated with the liquid component Yerstärkungsmaterialien or preforms only after introducing particular pouring a metered amount of the liquid or pasty Component of the materials or materials - preferably with the interposition of a film, for. As a polyvinyl alcohol or other release agent layer - at least one open or closable, for example, highly elastic, made of ITatur- or synthetic rubber or plastic existing Preßbehälter - preferably at the lowest point - brought and preferably at least one incompressible liquid and / or solid medium higher As the said liquid or paste-like component is preferably continuously partially or completely filled, thereby venting, shaping and compacting the materials from bottom to top and then wetting the materials, in particular the reinforcing materials with the liquid or pasty component, thereafter in known manner Partial or full hardening is carried out, then the pressure vessel emptied and removed and last of the resulting moldings removed from the mold, possibly postcured. Method according to item 1 and 2, characterized in that the Preßbehälter after filling partially or completely closed - possibly also the production form or the molded body to be coated is enclosed or capped - and the medium contained in the pressure vessel, in particular the liquid preferably for further Venting and compression set under pressure and relaxed for later emptying and / or demolding and / or that the pressing container partially or completely made of magnetic or magnetizable materials, eg. B "is made of magnetic rubber, and / or is filled with such materials * 4 · The method of item 1 to 3, characterized in that as a liquid or flowable medium is a dielectric liquid j for example crafted water, oil _f magnetic or magnetizable liquids (ferromagnetic liquids or suspensions, in particular colloidal ferromagnetic solutions), z * B, liquid or "Öl / Magnetbzw", metal powder "· or other powder emulsions or dispersions or dergl«, cold lye silicates or dergl _ej in particular mixtures of liquids and solid components and as free-flowing, powdery, granular or granular media, in particular magnetic or magnetizable metals or minerals, small hard ferrite magnets, z, B * in lorm of liadeln or the like _ej balls. "z * B, made of steel or the like nickel or the like", gravel or particles. related 'to' c Process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the materials or materials for bubble-free compression and Wechseldruekpressung be applied directly and / or on the lorm or to be coated JFormkörperwandung and / or the Preßbehälterwandung with mechanical and / or ultrasonic vibrations, for example in the form of liquid pressure pulses or shock waves, magnetically generated mechanical or ultrasonic vibrations or the like 6 * Process according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the vibrations or pulses or the pressure or shock waves from the outside on the medium, the pressure vessel, the manufacturing mold or to be coated! Shaped body exercised and / or in the medium, s _e B. or to electro-hydraulically by high voltage! "spark discharge and / or generated in the materials or _e materials themselves, Process according to claims 1 "to 6, characterized in that the compression vessel is heated after vibration and partially or fully hardened, for example by heat, eg generated by converted ultrasonic energy into heat due to ultrasonic absorption and / or molecular absorption Interfacial friction or by po- lymerization by means of sensitisers introduced into the liquid component and subsequent UY or UH or other irradiation or the like, or taken out of the mold, if necessary the said partial or final hardening is carried out only after the aforesaid step · 8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that instead of, a rope or in addition to the liquid component of the materials or materials compressible porous materials or layers of plastics or metals, eg. As temperature-resistant flexible foam, metal wool or cotton or dergl «, especially as an intermediate layer in the form or in and / or or to be placed on the molded body to be coated which is or will be stored with the liquid component or a part thereof. 9. The method according to claims 1 to 8, in particular for the production of lormkörpern in sandwich construction and / or layers of different chemical composition and / or density or density, characterized in that after a pre-curing or before curing of the liquid component and Bntformung to a part or the entire produced molded surface or surface to be coated brought foamable materials and / or support cores, possibly applied after foaming and / or applying the Stützkeme either previously prepared moldings or applied from said materials or materials again in the required layer thickness and the entire manufacturing process is repeated from this step » 10. Verfahren'nach claims 1 to - 9, 'characterized in that the materials or «materials from a slurry of various materials, in particular from the liquid component and short reinforcing materials, in particular short fibers of glass j metal or carbon or even Whiskers exist and in this state are placed in the mold or on or in the moldings to be coated. 11 · Process according to claims 1 to 10, in particular for influencing the strength properties or individual zones of the I'ormkörpers or the layer, characterized characterized * that several, possibly different in size Preßbehälter brought to the materials or materials and / or filled with materials of different weights and / or subjected to different, in particular hydraulic pressures and / or vibrations of different frequency, amplitude and / or direction * 12. Process according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one already partially and / or several already partially or completely filled with the medium of higher density Preßbehälter be brought into the Porm. 13. Process according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that oscillations of controllable frequency, amplitude and sequence, in particular of short duration and high steepness, are used and adapted in their parameters to the layer thickness and strength of the external body or layer generating the same become" 14. The method according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the! Fluid pressure pulses generated by an intermittent pump and exercised on the liquid and / or generated on electro-hydraulic ^ ways in the liquid. -is- 187 55? 15 · Process according to claims 1 to 14, in particular for the production of containers or for coating of Pormkörpern or liner from the inside and / or outside, characterized in that after the application of the materials or materials at least one empty, a partial or complete filled Preßbehälter in the cavity of the container or SOrmkörpers or liner and / or at least one same Preßbehälter from the outside around the container,! Form- 'body or Iiner and possibly filled there, possibly' after introduction of the container, molded body or Liner into a Porm, an autoclave or the like, the or, which is then partially or completely closed, 16. The method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the liquid medium, the electrodes, the electrical windings, the magnetic inductors, the electromagnets and / or the ultrasonic vibrators individually successively, in groups or together by a program circuit with festgeschaltetem program or by a program control or -regeleinrichtung be acted upon according to each predetermined programs with said pulses or pulse trains. 17. The method according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the vibration generator or transformer, z. B, vibrators or magnetostrictive oscillator continuously or discontinuously on the Preßbehälter- and / or Herstellungsformoberfläche or the Formkörper- or Xineroberfläche, preferably from bottom to top helical or the like. Moved or transported. 18. Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 17, in a known manner consisting of an open, partially or gas-tight sealable, z. B * one or more times divided production form and a force acting on the materials or materials flexible and enlarged in volume pressing container, characterized in that the open or gas-tight sealable Pr ice container (5) contains at least one incompressible liquid and / or solid dielectric and / or permeable or another medium (6) higher density than the liquid component of the materials or materials and / or via a pressure line (8) with a device which generates a hydraulic pressure and / or a liquid pressure pulse, for example an intermittently operating pump (9) and / or electrodes (14) arranged in the liquid and these with at least one vibration generator (26) with surge current or pulse generator (17), consisting of converter, rectifier, discharger, switch, energy storage or condenser, if necessary, transformers, and a last or a "Spamungsquelle (18), and / or with at least one, preferably a .Anzahl on or in Cheese of the form or container or diaphragm arranged electrical windings, coils, magnetic inductors, electromagnets, vibrators and / or ultrasonic transducers ( 19 * 29) and a vibration generator (26) j consisting of a switch (20) in the form of a semiconductor diode, a program commutator or a program chaltwerk (21), an energy storage or * capacitor (22) j a feed part (23), a Switch (24) and a Hetz or * a supply voltage source (25), is in operative connection and when in operation in mechanical and / or ultrasonic vibration device and this on between his and the! Form- or container or! Shaped body or Idnerwandung resides materials or materials. 19, device according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the jporm and / or its lid (12) or the container to be coated, molded body or liner (27) or its lid a number of small vents or valves (13) on her highest point, especially at corners and canton, possibly over the entire Gber or. Lateral surface 'distributed, has * - it - ι ο / · /% * · 20. Device according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the distances between the electrodes (14) to each other and / or to Preßbehälterwandung are variable and / or at least one electrode of a pair of electrodes or the pair of earth is. 21. Device according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the pressing container (5) consists of two shells between which the incompressible medium (6) is located and in the cavity at least one core (30), for example, a Winding core or the or at least a part of the mold (i) or the molded body or liner to be coated, possibly also the materials or materials (3; 4) and / or the electrical windings or windings, Magnetinduktoren, Yibratoren or ultrasonic vibrator (19 ; 29) or a possibly hydraulically tensioned liquid are arranged. 22. Device according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the cross-sections of the individual electrical windings (19) or the wire cross-sections of the coils of the magnetic inductive sensors, electromagnets or ultrasonic "oscillators (29), which are located in different locations, are different, possibly also the distances of the individual turns to each other. 23. Device according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the to the production mold (1) or the molded body or .liner gewiekelte or placed in the vicinity of electrical winding or coil (19) bifilar or in zigzag or the like., For , B. for generating an inhomogeneous magnetic field, is wound. 24. Device according to Claims 1 to 23, characterized by at least one side of the surface of the pressing container (5) which faces away from the materials or »materials (3; 4) and preferably by a number of induction coils and / or the production mold (1). etc* movable or mobile and in multi-axis direction of motion and speed controllable Magnetinduktor, electromagnet en j vibrator ode.r ultrasonic particular magnetostrictive oscillator (29) · β device according to claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the stiffeners and / or reinforcements (2) of the plastic production mold (1) consist of magnetostrictive metal and are preferably equipped with recesses provided with electrical windings (magnetostrictive production form). 26 «device according to claims 1 to 25 _? characterized in that the orifice (1) and / or the stiffeners (2) are rigidly coupled to the vibrators (29). For this "... page drawings