DD143994A5 - TELEVISION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH A COUPLING NETWORK AND MULTIPLE COUPLING ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN IT - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a telecommunications switching system with a switching network and multiple switching elements arranged therein. The aim of the invention is to make a telecommunications switching system more flexible with regard to later expansions or other modifications by largely decentralizing its control devices. By assigning processors to individual or multiple connection units, decentralized control tasks can be removed from the switching network. Any remaining control tasks within the switching network are performed by control devices assigned to individual multiple switching elements. This decentralization enables versatile application of such a switching system, since its size can be easily adapted to the respective requirements.

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a telecommunications switching system with a switching network and arranged therein multiple Kopopp el elements for selectively producing tJbertragungswege or message paths forming connections between terminals (subscriber lines and / or interconnections), with distributed processors for control functions.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

In modern telephone exchanges, it is necessary that data related to the state of subscriber lines and long distance connections be stored along with required state dependent operations in the switching network. Such data may relate to the connection establishment in the switching network, to the type of subscriber connections, to the type of remote connections, to call conversions, etc.

From US-PS 3,997,343 and from US-PS 3,860 it is known to decentralize the control of a switching system. In both of these known devices with decentralized control functions but also central facilities are provided which control the data exchange between the decentralized devices. For example, if an extension of the exchange be made _s this can only

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in the framework allowed by the size of the central facility. This has the disadvantage that the central facilities of these known telephone exchanges must be designed accordingly even in small systems, if necessary, to make an extension of the system later.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to design a telephone exchange so that changes or extensions are possible at any time without special difficulties. ,

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a telecommunications switching system whose control devices are largely decentralized.

This object is obtained by the _U nt'er point 1 stated features. When using a coupling network as characterized in claim 10, there results a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention. As coupling elements for use in the switching network of the telephone switching system according to the invention , the multiple coupling elements marked under point 1H are particularly suitable.

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The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 is a block diagram of a decentralized controlled telecommunications switching system according to the invention,

2 shows the possibility of modular expansion of the associated coupling network according to the invention,

3 shows a simplified block diagram of an associated multiple coupling element,

Pig. H is a level of a coupling network,

Fig. 5 A, 5 B, 5 C and 5 D

the extension of the coupling network,

6 is a block diagram of a subscriber subunit subunit;

7 is a block diagram of a connection subunit for connection lines;

8 is a simplified representation of the time division bus of a multiple coupling element,

9 shows a block diagram of the logic of an input / output device of a multiple coupling element,

10 (a), 10 (b), 10 (c), 10 (d) and 10 (e) show examples of the channel word structure used,

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Pig.il (a), 11 (b), 11 (c) - and 11. (d) further possibilities of channel word construction,

12 shows a typical connection between terminal units by means of the coupling network,

Pig. 13 (a), 13 (b), 13 (c), 13 (d), 13 (e), 13 (f), 13 (g) and 13 (h)

Timing diagrams relating to the operation of the coupling elements,

Figs. 14 - (a), 14 (b), 14 (c), 14 (d), 14 (e) are timing charts in more detail concerning the operation of the coupling elements, and Figs

15 shows the line assignment of the time division line of a coupling element.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a decentralized digital switching system including a switching network 10 through which a plurality of connections between terminal units are switchable to provide transmission paths for data exchange between terminal devices serviced by the terminal units. A multilevel coupling network will be referred to as a group switch hereinafter.

In this case, a terminal unit is used as a subsystem for operating a group of terminals, which terminate in a first coupling stage in each level of the group switch. Each terminal unit includes 8 access switches through which data coming from the terminals are transferred to and from the group rover 10.

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A terminal subunit is a subsystem of a terminal unit serving a group of terminal units terminating in a pair of access switches for safety reasons.

Each terminal unit contains four pairs of access switches for safety reasons. For each terminal unit, the PCM data is derived, for example, from telephone line equipment.

The terminal units 12,14 and 16 are shown representative; however, up to 128 ports or even more of the group switch 10 are switched. Each terminal unit has the capability of, for example, connecting 1,920 subscriber units or 480 trunk lines by means of 4 subscriber sub-units each (by means of the sub-units 18, 20, 22 and 24 shown for the terminal unit 12).

32-channel digital PCM multiplex lines carry 30 two-way subscriber lines and are connected to the terminal units.

Each terminal unit, such as the terminal unit 12, is connected to a group switch 10 through a plurality of multiplex transmission links, each of the transmission links including two directional transmission paths. Each subunit 18, 20, 22 and 2'A of the terminal unit 12 is connected to each level of the group server 10 by two such communication links, and therefore, for the subunit 18, the transmission links 26 and 28 are shown, the subunit 18 having the level 0 of the group switch 10 connect. The connections 30 and 32 couple the subunit 18 to the level 3 of the group switch 10.

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Similarly, the subunit 18 is connected to the levels 1 and 2 of the group switch 10. The subunits 20, 22 and 24 are also connected to each level of the group switch, as is the case with the subunit 18.

Each link 26, 28, 30, and 32 shown for subunit 18 is bidirectional, and for this purpose includes a pair of directed transmission paths, each path dedicated to a direction of data flow. Each directed transmission path carries 32 channels of digital information serially transmitted in binary code in time division multiplex (TDM). Each frame of the time-division multiplexing consists of 32 channels, each channel carrying 16 information bits. The bit rate is 4.096 Mb / s. This transmission rate is the same in the switch , so the system may be referred to as bit rate synchronous.

As will be described later, the system is phase asynchronous so that there is no particular phase relationship to the data hits in a frame that are received from different coupling elements or from different inputs / outputs in a single coupling element. This bit rate synchronous and phase asynchronous system is inserted in the group switch and in the access switch through a plurality of multiple coupling elements. When digital voice samples are transferred to or from a single terminal somewhere within the system, these samples must be time-multiplexed into the proper channels on the transmission link between switching elements. The coupling elements are used for the connection of the terminal devices. An exchange of the Zeitsehlitze

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is provided with each coupling element, since the channels can vary for the connection between the terminal units.

The exchange of time slots, d. H. The transfer of data from one channel to another is known. As will be described below, there is provided a unitary multiple coupling mechanism incorporating a 1β input / output coupler which operates as a 32-channel timer and as a 16 input / output space switch, particularly for all inputs, in less than a single input Frame Time, The digital voice samples can contain up to 14 bits of a 16-bit channel word, with the remaining two bits used as protocol bits (to identify the type of data in the other 14 bits of the channel word). Thus, the 16 input / output coupler can be used, for example, for the following encodings: II | -Bit linear PCM samples, 13-bit linear PCM samples; 8-bit compressed PCM samples; 8-bit data bytes, etc. The inputs / outputs can also be called gates.

Two sets of processors are included in each port subunit, such as subunit 18. The first group of processors is represented as processors A _fl , A ",,... A_, each associated with a separate group of port units designated as port bundles and a special set of processor functions, as well as the establishment of a transmission path via the group switch IG and the provision of a connection interface for the connection units within the connection burst. Bunch of high

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Traffic load, such as telephone lines, may include up to 30 line units, where up to 60 line units may be available for low traffic volumes such as telephone subscriber lines. Each port subunit may be associated with up to 4 high traffic congestion bundles; thus, this subunit contains 4 type A processors, while a low traffic subunit may be connected to 8 low traffic load bundles, thus containing 8 type A processors. For example, each Α processor may include an 8085 type microprocessor from Intel Corp. as a port interface and associated RAM and ROM memories included. Thus, for example, each port unit may contain up to 1,920 low traffic (for subscriber lines) or 480 high traffic trunk connections. Each trunk, such as trunk 36 in subunit 18, includes a Α processor and its associated port interface.

This port interface port is coupled by a pair of undirected links 38 and 40 to each of two access switches 42 and 44 within subunit 18. The access switches 42 and 44 of subunit 18

are of the same coupling element construction as the coupling elements of the group switch 10. The access switches 44 and 44 respectively allow access to one of a pair of a second group of processors for the sub-unit 18, such as to the processors B _Q and B in the sub-unit. l8. Other pairs of type B processors are included in the port subunits 20, 22 and 24, but for description

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only the B-processor of the subunit 18 is shown. This second group of processors, the B processors, is intended for a second group of processor functions, such as call control (processing of call data, such as analysis of signaling, translation, etc.) for the line units connected in subunit 18. For this purpose, a commercial microprocessor can also be used. For security, a pair of processors have been provided by the union of identical processor functions in the B processors 46 and 48. The access switches 42 and 44 for the subunit 18 thus allow each trunk such as the A ₀ bundle to select one of the paired processors, ie either the B processor via the access switch 42 or the B processor 48 via the access switch 44 an error occurs in one of the two processors provided for security reasons, so there is an alternative way.

The array switch 10, shown as a matrix in Figure 2, which is generally referred to as a coupling network in Figure 1 and which may also be referred to as a group switch matrix, has four independent levels of switching capabilities: the first level is at 100, the second level with 102, the third level is 104, and the fourth level is ΙΟβ.

A variety of levels are provided to fully meet the requirements for the traffic and service tasks of the individual applications of the system. Preferably, 2, 3 or 4 switching levels are provided which serve 120,000 or more terminal units, i. H. Subscriber lines terminating in the aforesaid subscriber circuits.

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Each switching plane may contain up to 3 stages of coupling elements, which is considered a preferred embodiment. The access circuit that selects a single level for connection is located within the individual terminal unit 12. For example, the access switch 42 in the subunit 18 may select: the first level 100 via the connection 26 or the fourth level 106 via the connection 30.

The group switch 10 is either by increasing the number of levels to perform the processing higher traffic, or by increasing the number of stages of the coupling elements or the number of. Coupling elements per stage to increase the number of terminal units operated by the group switch, modular expandable. The number of levels per level of the group switch 10 is modularly extended for typical applications as follows:

stages

Connections per level

local exchange

cables

stations

Pernvermi11lung

cables

1 and 2, 1,2 and 3

64 1 024.

1 000

10 000

> 100,000

1 120

11,500

> 120,000

240 3 500

· 6o ooo

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In Fig. 3 a basic, inventive multiple coupling element 300 is shown, from which all switching stages are formed, and which is shown as a multi-directional switch with 16 inputs / outputs (gates with unspecified traffic direction). The number of inputs / outputs can also be greater or less than 16. A multi-directional switch can be defined as a coupling element having a plurality of bidirectional transmission inputs / outputs in which data received at each input / output can be switched and transmitted to any input / output (either the same or a different input / output the coupling element). In operation, all data transfer from one input / output to another input / output within switch 300 is performed by a time-multiplexed parallel bit-transfer bus 302. This allows for spatial switching, which may be referred to as providing a transmission path between any two inputs / outputs within the switching element.

Each input / output 0 to 15 of the multi-directional switch 300 contains its own receive logic Rx 304 and its own transmission logic Tx 3O6 _s are shown as an example at the input / output 7. Data is transmitted to and from each input / output (eg, input / output 7) of the coupling element 300 from similar-design elements to which the coupling element 300 is connected via a receive control line 308 and a transmit control line 310 which serially transmit bits the system clock of 4. 096 Mb / s, with 512 serially transmitted bits forming a frame divided into 32 channels of 16 bits each.

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The data transferred serially from the l6 inputs / outputs are synchronized in speed and phase, i. H. the transmit logic 306 and the corresponding transmit logic for the other 15 inputs / outputs of the coupling element 300 transmit at the same speed of 4.9β Mb / s and transmit the same bit position of a frame at each instant. On the other hand, the reception of serial data bits at the receive logic 304 of the input / output 7 and at all other inputs / outputs of the coupling element 300 is synchronous with respect to speed only, ie. H. there is no fixed time relationship for receiving bits in two inputs / outputs. Thus the reception is phase asynchronous. The receive logic 304 and the transmit logic 30β each include a control logic portion and a random access memory described in FIG.

In Fig. 4, a plane of a group switch 10 (first

Level 100). As has been described with reference to FIG. 3, the coupling elements 108, 110, 112 that make up the group switcher plane are multi-directional switches with 16 inputs / outputs. The function as input or output is defined only by definition depending on the position-in the coupling network. · In the illustrated three-level Gruppenschalterebene- are the inputs / outputs 0 to 7 of the coupling elements IO8 and 110 in the stage 1 and 2 _, determined as inputs and the inputs / outputs 8 to 15 are determined as outputs.

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Thus, these multiple coupling elements can be referred to as two-sided, whereas in the stage 3 all coupling elements, such as the coupling element 112, are formed on one side, i. All gates are traffic-related as entrances.

If any group switch stage is considered and, if appropriate, the network is to be modularly expanded, then such a stage is initially connected as a two-sided stage, with outputs reserved for the extension. However, if the coupling network in one stage allows more than half of the maximum connections required to be connected to a multiple coupling element of that stage, then this stage is unilaterally formed. This allows a continuous modular expansion to the maximum required network without having to change the connections between the stages.

The modular extension of the multiple coupling element 300 to a switching levels 100 is shown in Figs. 5 (A) to 5 (D). Fig. 5 (A) shows the size of the group switcher plane with a multiple coupling element required for the connection of a terminal unit with 1000 subscriber lines. Thus, the I / O point 0 can be connected to the line 26 of the subunit 18, while the I / O points 1 to 7 are connected to other access switches in the terminal unit 12. The I / O points 8 to 15 are reserved for network extension.

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In Pig. 5 (B), an example of the next expansion level of the group switcher level 100 is shown for two terminal units 12

and I ¹ J. Thus, two coupling elements per level of the group switch are provided for the first stage, each level in the second stage coupling elements such. B. 0, 1, 2 and 3, to connect the two coupling elements of the first stage with each other. The outputs at the second stage are reserved for later network translation, this network (one level of which is shown) servicing over 2,000 subscriber lines.

In Fig. 5 (C), an example of an extension of the switching level 100 is shown to serve 8 terminal units. The coupling elements of the stages "1 and 2 are completely interconnected and only the outputs of stage 2 can be used for further expansion, so that in order to combine additional groups of up to 8 Ahschlußeinheiten with each other, a third coupling stage per level must be added, as shown in Fig. 5 (D), which shows l6 terminal units coupled to the extended group switcher plane, the network shown in Fig. 5 (C) can have about 10,000 subscriber lines and that shown in Fig. 5 (D) The non-interconnected I / O points shown in Figures 5B, 5C, and 5D are available for expansion, and each level of the network, e.g., Figure 5D, is through For example, the connection of these I / O points is extended to a network, as shown in FIG. K , which has a capacity of more than 100,000 subscriber lines t.

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In Pig. Fig. 6 shows a subunit 18 of a line terminal unit containing up to eight J> 6 trunk groups, each of these trunking including 60 subscriber lines, a port unit interface and a Type A microprocessor. Three of these terminal bundles are designated 36, 37 and 39. The access switches l80 and l8l of the subunit 18 serve 8 terminal bundles, of which only three are shown for the sake of simplicity. Each interface for a terminal unit, such as the interface 190, is associated with, for example, 60 subscriber lines and 60 subscriber circuits. An A processor 198 is also connected to the interface 190, which has certain processing tasks, such as e.g. B. Connection setup by the coupling network or control of the connection unit. Each interface 190 has a bidirectional transmission line I99 connected to an input / output location of the access switches

180 and 181 is connected. Each access switch containing a coupling element with 16 input / output points (Fig. 3), allows a connection of the levels of the group switch 10, z. B. via outputs of the input / output points 8, 10, 12, 14, or a B-processor I83 via an output, such as the output of the input / output point 9, this B-processor performs other tasks than the call control. Unused outputs 11, 13 and 15 of the access server are left unused and are available for the equipment of other elements such as alarms, override circuits, diagnostic controls, etc.

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Pig. Figure 7 shows a port subunit identical in its puncture to the subunit of the line port unit described in Figure 6; however, it services a smaller number of heavy traffic inputs. In order to accommodate increased transmission load of trunk groups as compared to trunk line units, the subunit of the trunk line unit contains up to 4 line interface units, each of which is associated with, for example, 30 trunk line units. Thus, the inputs 4 to 7 at each output switch l80 and l8l are unused in this arrangement.

The pervander bundles 60 and 6l of the total of 4 perneliver bursts are shown in FIG. 7, each including a port interface 62 and 63 and an A processor and a memory 64 and 65, respectively.

The B processor 66 and associated memory 67 are coupled to the zagang switch 180, and the B processor and d associated memories 69 are coupled to the Zjgan chalter l8l. This access content has the same structure as described in FIG. 6 and may include a commercial microprocessor.

The coupling element 300 with 16 gates already described in FIG. 3 will now be further described in FIG. Every goal, z. As gate 15 of the coupling element 300, consists of a receive logic 304, a Sendelogik 306, the inputs and outputs of directed transmission paths 308 and and it can be accessed to a parallel time-division Samrneileitung within the coupling element 300.

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In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connections are made by the coupling element 300 on the basis of directed (simple) paths. A simple connection between an input channel of a gate (one of 32 channels) and an output channel of any one gate (of 512 channels) is made by a channel input command corresponding to a select command. This select command is contained in a single 16-bit word in the input channel requesting a connection. A coupling element allows a number of different types of connections, which are distinguished by the information in the selection command. Typical selection commands are: "Gate - Channel"; this is an instruction received from the receive logic of the gate, causing a connection to any free channel of any port, "Tor N - Channel"; this is another selection command that connects to any free channel

of a special gate N, d. H. for example, port 8. "port N - channel M" j this is a selection command which "causes a connection to a particular channel M (eg channel 5) of a particular port N (eg port 8) other special selection commands such as "connect to any odd (or even) gate" and special instructions related to channel 16 as well as hold commands in channel 0 are within the range of powers of the switch module (part of which is covered by a module) which will be described in more detail in connection with FIG 9 is explained.

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The reception logic 30 ¹ I synchronizes the data arriving from other coupling elements for each port. The channel number (0 to 31) of the incoming channel is used to fetch the desired port and channel addresses from the corresponding I / O RAM, channel RAM - memories. During the multi-module access to bus 302, the receive control logic 308 in the channel sends the received channel word along with the destination port and channel addresses to the time division bus 302 of the coupling element 300. In each bus cycle (time interval in the data from the receive control logic 308) to transmit control logic 3O6), each transmit logic looks at each port for its gate address on the time division bus 302. If the port number on the multipath 302 matches the individual address of a particular port, then the data (channel words) of the multiline 302 is written to the data memory of the match register at the address read out of the channel memory to the receive control logic of the port. This means the data transmission of a word from the reception control logic via the time division bus to the transmission control logic of a gate,

The send and receive control logic of a gate may be e.g. The data from the line is input to the input synchronizing circuit at 4> Ο9β Mb / s, which provides bit and word synchronization of the information on line 308. The output of the input sync circuit 400 is a 16-bit ~ channel word and its channel number (indicating the channel within the frame) and is written to a buffer register 402.

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Il / I

dai operates according to the principle of first input equal first output and the data arriving on the line 403 with the timing on the splitter 302.synchronisiert. This is required because the data on line 308 is asynchronous to the time scale on the highway 302. The output of the buffer register 402 is a 16-bit channel word and its 5-bit channel number. The information contained in the 16-bit channel word indicates the type of information contained in the word. This information is contained in the so-called protocol bit of the channel word and, together with information in the receive control memory 404, identifies the actions to be performed by the receive control circuit 4Oo for that channel in this frame.

In the example, the following 5 types of actions are provided: LANGUAGE, CHOICE, QUESTION, INFORM, and FREE. If the protocol bits indicate LANGUAGE (voice and data words), then the channel word will be transmitted unchanged to bus 302 and the channel address and destination will be retrieved from channel memory 4o8 and out of port memory 410 and during this Tor assigned channel access time to the bus 302. If an OPTION command allows any port and any channel, then the first idle gate select circuit 412 selects transmit logic with a clear channel to perform a free-dial. During the access time for the reception logic of the time division bus 302, a free choice is made at the selected gate in the selected transmission logic, which sends back from their first free-dial 4l4 a free channel number. A blocking receiver 4l6 checks the

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Content of channel 16 for unsuccessful route search of subsequent stages of the switching network given by the transmit logic 30.6 of this module. The lock search logic 4l8 checks the receive control store 404 for channels that are disabled and causes the channel numbers of the locked channels in the send logic 306 in the channel 16 to be canceled.

The transmit logic 306 examines the state of the port address lines of the multiline 302 with the module designation code in the gate decode logic. If the correct gate address is decoded at decoder 420 and the polling line of highway 302 is inactive, then the contents of the LANGUAGE lines of highway 302 are written into data memory 422, the address being derived from the address given on the address lines of highway 302 ,

If the OPTIONAL line 302 of the trunk 302 is activated and a free dialing is desired from a receive controller 406 (selection of any idle channel), then no write-in operation occurs in the data store 422, but a free channel number is requested from the free-dial circuit 414 Reception logic sent back.

The data memory 422 is a time-slot converter that is asequentially read by means of a counter included in the transmit clock 428. The words read out from the data memory 422 are input to a parallel-to-serialization register 430 which is the 4.096 Mb / s serial bit string

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to the transmission line 310. The word input to the output register 430 may be changed to channel 0 or ΐβ. In channel 0, alarms of the line are inserted (for troubleshooting) and the locked channel information is inserted, if necessary, by logic 434 into channel 16. The transmit control memory 426 contains the state for each outgoing channel. The transmit control logic 42 * 1 coordinates the read and write operations for the data store 422, the transmit control store 426, the free select circuit 4l4 and for the loading of the output register 430.

The production of connections between the terminals via the coupling network will now be described.

As already mentioned, the coupling elements with gates allow both a time and a room switching function for all transmission paths. The information arriving on the incoming route at any port in any channel can be transmitted through the docking element with 16 ports on the outgoing path of each port, which corresponds to a space switching function, and to any channel of that outgoing path, which corresponds to a timer function. All voice and data (LANGUAGE) transmissions over the network are the result of individual ports of the multiturn coupling elements and include a transformation from the input channel (one of 512 channels) to the output channel (one of 512 channels), this becomes route searching operations established. There are 32 channels each in a frame on each available transmission path. Fig. 10 illustrates an example

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of a channel word structure usable on channels 1 to 15 and 17 to 31, which are all LANGUAGE channels. The channel word structure for the channels 0 (operating and synchronization channel) and 16 (channel for special control operations, blocking operations ₃ etc.) is in Pig. Il illustrates.

The LANGUAGE channels can be used both for digital voice transmission and for information exchange between the control computers. If speech is being transmitted, then there are 14 bits per channel word available for a PCM encoded sample and two bits for network protocol selection. When the channel is used to control the connection setup, there are 13 bits per channel word for the signal information and 3 bits for the protocol selection. The channel word structure allows a connection through the entire coupling network, this includes a connection over several such coupling elements with 16 gates. These connections have only one direction. For bidirectional connections, two such single-directional connections are needed.

Figures 10 (a) through 10 (e) show the data structure for the operations: ViAHL, QUESTION, INFORM, LANGUAGE, and FREE, respectively. Figs. 11 (a) to 11 (d) illustrate the channel word structure for the operations: SELECT, INFORM, HALT, and FREE for the channel 16. For channel 0, there is a special channel word structure for the operation ALARM, moreover, the channel words in PYanal 0 contain the frame synchronizing bit pattern (6 bits) for the synchronization between adjacent 166-gate switching elements.

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The OPTION command establishes a connection via a coupling element.

The QUEST command is used after establishing the connection to determine which port within the coupling element was selected for that connection.

The command INFORM is used after establishing a connection to transmit sigrial information between two bursts, thereby distinguishing them from the transmission of digitized voice information.

The LANGUAGE setup is used to transfer voice or data information between two ports.

The channel word structure FREI indicates a free channel.

In channel 16 of FIG. 11, the OPTION, INFORM, and FREE commands are similar to the commands discussed in connection with FIG. 10, but there is no command LANGUAGE, command QUESTION is not needed, and channel 16 contains the lock channel, If there are fewer OPTION commands, the HALT command maintains a connection in channel 16 after being asserted by OPTION commands. Channel 0 is reserved for service tasks and network troubleshooting.

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Pig. FIG. 12 shows, inter alia, a port subunit 18 which has its share of an access link, namely the one shown in Pig. Fig. 12 also shows the group switch 10, which comprises three coupling stages. To simplify the illustration, the individual levels in the Gruppers ehalt he and the individual coupling elements in each coupling stage of Grupperschäter are not shown.

A connection over the switching network is made from one port 690 to another port circuit or from a B processor I83 to another processor, e.g. B. connected to the connection circuit 190 A-processor I98 manufactured. In this case, a series of OPTION commands in the channel associated with this connection are inserted in successive frames in the PCM bit sequence between the source connection circuit (or processor) and the access switch. For each leg and each coupling stage, a SELECT command is needed.

A connection via the coupling network is made from a series of connections via individual coupling stages. The connection setup is carried out progressively from coupling stages lower order number zu'Koppelstufen higher order number as a connection between an input and an output via a coupling element until a certain reflection coupling stage is reached.

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As a reflection, a connection between two input ports of the same coupling element is called, this makes it possible to make connections via the switching network, without occupying an unnecessarily large number of switching stages. Details of such reflections are not the subject of this application.

Il

In the reflection coupling stage thus an input to input connection via the coupling element is produced, then a progressive connection of a coupling stage higher order number to coupling stages niederer.Ordnungs number is prepared in which via the corresponding coupling elements output to input "-. Connections are made.

The determination of the reflection coupling stage takes place on the basis of the determined network address of the desired connection circuit 190. The corresponding rule can be generally designated as follows:

If the terminating terminal circuit is in the same terminal subunit, then the reflection takes place in the access dome stage.

If the final terminal circuit is in the same terminal unit, then the reflection takes place in the coupling stage 1 of the group switch. If the terminal connection circuit is in the same group of connection units, the reflection takes place in the coupling stage 2 of the group switch.

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In all other cases, the reflection takes place in the coupling stage 3 of the group switch.

Reference is again made to FIGS. 1 and 4, which show individual features of the network configuration. Thereafter, a terminal unit 12 has 8 bidirectional transmission lines to each level of the group switch, for example, to the level 0 shown in FIG. 4, these transmission lines terminate at a coupling element in each plane. This coupling element has a unique address when viewed from the third coupling stage. With reference to Fig. H , one can say that, for example, the coupling element from the perspective of any one coupling element in the third coupling stage via the input 0 of the third coupling stage and subsequently the input 0 of the second coupling stage is achieved. This forms the address of the port unit, hereafter referred to as TU (0,0). Moreover, a terminal subunit within a terminal unit is referred to once with respect to the inputs to the second coupling stage, with reference to FIG. B. the terminal subunit referred to as TSU (0) of the terminal unit TU (0,0), since it is addressed once via the inputs 0 and 4 of the first coupling stage (0,0). Similarly, each port circuit in each trunk group is identified by its input address at the access switch. Therefore, for example, the address of the terminal circuit of FIG. 12, as viewed from any other terminal circuit, for. B. the connection circuit 690 in the. Terminal unit l6, regardless of which coupling element is used in the third coupling stage as a reflection point.

I. 4th

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This allows the Α processor 698, which controls the connection setup, to issue the following sequence of SELECT commands to the network to connect to the port circuit 190 whose network address in the example has the form (a, b, c, d).

Frame 1. OPTIONAL, NON-SPEED GATE, ANY CHANNEL:

This establishes a voice connection via the access switch to a level of the group switch.

Frame 2. SELECTION, ANY GATE, ANY CHANNEL: This establishes a connection via the coupling stage 1 of the selected level.

Frame 3- OPTION, ANY. TOR, ANY CHANNEL: This establishes a connection via the coupling level 2 of the selected level.

Frame 4. SELECTION, TOR (a), ANY CHANNEL: This reflects the connection via the coupling stage 3 to the coupling stage 2.

Frame 5. OPTION ₃ GATE (b), ANY CHANNEL:

This establishes a connection back via the coupling stage 2.

212

1/2/5 - 3/4 - 1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

Frame 6. CHOICE, GATE (c), ANY CHANNEL:

This establishes a connection back via the coupling stage 1.

Frame 7. OPTION, GATE (d), ANY CHANNEL:

This establishes a connection back via the access switch to the connection circuit (a, b, c, d)

The coupling network allows the connection to be made forward to the refection point in the predetermined refection coupling stage and back over the network with a fixed address independent of the Reflection coupling element in the reflection coupling stage.

This sequence of SELECT commands can be used by any port unit to connect to the port unit TU (a, b, c, d), and the selection mechanism described above for each first idle channel ensures the establishment of a Connection with the lowest possible transmission delay on the selected path. If it follows from the above rule that earlier reflection is possible in a low-order coupling stage, a subset of the above instruction sequence is used. So z. B. the B-processor 183, which is located in the same port sub-unit l8 as the port circuit 190, only the following sub-command from the above command sequence:

1/2/5 - 3/4 - 1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

Frame 1. OPTION, GATE (d), ANY CHANNEL.

The functions performed by the A and B processors depend on the particular computer programs used, but some example functions may be given: port control, which provides the characteristics for each class of service of the subscriber or transmission lines; Signaling control, this generates characters for stations due to the work of the terminal control, further decodes and interprets sequences of characters and signals, which are communicated as telephone events to the terminal control computer for processing; Coupling control, this function establishes, maintains, and reestablishes connections in the switching network as determined by the port control and signaling control functions; Data Reason Control, which performs all operations at the data level and allows all other operations to occur independently of a particular data-level organization; and hardware control, this function summarizes hardware control processes that ultimately interface with subscriber lines and transmission lines and processes for the port units and switches. An example of the distribution of these processing functions is the assignment of the hardware control for up to 60 subscriber lines each, or 30 interconnections for each Α processor and the assignment of the remaining functions for the B processor, possibly for a different number of ports. However, the coupling element control could alternatively also be assigned to the Α processor.

1/2/5 -3 / 4-1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

FIG. 13 shows timing diagrams for the operation of a coupling element 300. Fig. 13 (a) shows for serial line 302 the contiguous time-element numbers and channel numbers, with 16 time-elements forming one channel; The time element numbers are given in hexadecimal notation and only the channels 0, 1 and 8 time elements of the channel 2 are shown.

Fig. 13 (b) shows the 4.096 Mb / s multi-line clock.

Fig. 13 (c) shows the frame synchronization which is a gate synchronization command occurring on the multipole 302 in channel 31, time element E.

13 (d) to 13 (h) show for the 'gates 0, 1, 2, 14 and 15 of the coupling element 300 the time intervals of the transmission actions of these gates on the multiline 302. For the gates 3 to 13 this is not shown, however, they are functionally consistent. Each of the trunk transmission intervals 501, 502, 503, 504 and 505 of the gates 0, 1, 2, 14 and 15, respectively, overlaps in time with the other time intervals. Each of these time intervals comprises 4 time elements P, D, W, R, with particular actions occurring on certain lines of the multipath 302 during certain time intervals, so that only one port at a time can transmit information on any one line of the multipath 302 , The exact time for the beginning of a transmission interval is determined by the individual Tor address code word.

al 1/2/5 - 3/4 - 1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

In Pig. I ¹ * (a) is once again the clock frequency according to Pig. 13 (b). FIGS. 14 (b) to 14 (e) show the time axis elements P ₃ D, W and R of the bus transmission intervals 501, 502, 503, 504 and 505, respectively, with the time axis extended.

The bus 302 consists of 36 single-directional wires to allow information transfer between all 16 ports of a coupling element as shown in FIG. The signals given by the module's receive logic 304 to bus 302 consist of the following: DATA (16 bits each on a separate line) TARGET GATE ADDRESS (4 bits each on a separate line), TARGET CHANNEL ADDRESS (5 bits each on a separate line), DATA RIGHT (1 bit), CHOICE (1 bit) and MODULE (1 bit). The signals received from the bus 302 are: SELECTED CHANNEL (5 bits each on a separate line), CONFIRMATION (1 bit) and MODULE BUSY (1 bit). Depending on the data word of the buffer memory 402 and the contents of the receive control memory 4θ4, which is driven by the channel number output of the buffer memory 402, various signals are applied to the multipath 302 and accepted by it the gate, channel and receive control memories of the receive logic 304 are written. The write-in command line of the multiline 302 is a special puncture line that can be used to perform a particular function.

1/2/5 - 3/4 - 1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

In the time element P, represented by the value (1) in Fig. 14 (b), the receive logic 304 currently being activated on the multipath 302 transmits the destination port number and at the same time the corresponding characters on the DATA RIGHT CHOICE, MODE lines and MODULE BOOKED. With the rising edge of the clock pulse indicated by numeral (2) in Fig. 14 (a), all the sending logic circuits 30β of all 16 gates take the states on the above-mentioned bus lines in registers, the decode gate number circuit 420 and the Transmission control 424 are assigned. During the time element D indicated by the numeral (3) in Fig. 14 (c), the driven gate receiving logic transmits information to the DATA lines and to the TARGET CHANNEL ADDRESS lines. In the next rising edge of the clock, labeled (4) in Figure 14 (a), this information is transferred to buffer registers associated with the data memory. During the time element W indicated at (5) in Fig. 14 (d), an operation occurs in the gate send logic when the gate number designated by the 4 bits on the TARGET-GATE ADDRESS line is generated during the time Time element P occurs, matches the gate number code word of a particular goal, this code word is different for each gate. The said process may be a write to the data memory 422 of that port, or an answer to a SELECT command. Likewise, during time element V /, an appropriate value for a selected channel number is transferred from the free-dial circuit 4l4 to the lines for the selected channel number, and a value (either 1 or 0) for an acknowledgment signal is generated , The non-confirmation consists of the absence of a confirmation signal.

/ 2/5 - 3M - 1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

In the one in Pig. lh (e) time element R (6), the destination gate transmit logic provides a response to the lines for the selected channel number and the acknowledgment. The addressed receive logic transmits the state of these lines in the next, in Fig. Lh (a) with (7) designated rising edge of the clock in a the receiving control hO6 associated register, and brings in the subsequent, in Fig. I ¹ Ke) with ( 8) time interval their own gate channel and receive control memory ¹ IlO, 408 and hO6 to date.

The blocked channel numbers received by a lock receiver hl6 in the receive logic of a particular port cause a reject bit in the transmit logic of the same port to be written at the address indicated by the locked channel number, e.g. For example, a lock character in the channel

"Il

as a lock channel 7 are decoded. Next time, if the receive logic building one way in channel 7 attempts to write into channel 7, it will not receive a confirmation token and will designate the channel with the way leg in channel 7 as disabled. The lock character search circuit hlQ will then output in the channel the number of the locked channel from its transmit logic.

- I -

2/5 - 3M - 1 - 1/2/3 -1-1

The delay through the coupling network is automatically reduced to a minimum by the use of the free-choice circuit for a first idle channel. The free-slot circuit 4l4 for the first idle channel is constantly looking for the idle bit of the transmit control store for idle channels with the lowest channel number higher than the pending output channel number, and on the PCM line 310 the serial data supplies.

Claims (16)

212045 invention claim Perneldevermittlungsanlage with a coupling network and arranged therein multiple coupling elements for selectively producing transmission paths or message paths forming connections between terminals (subscriber lines and / or connecting lines), with distributed processors for control functions, d ad urch characterized - That the Perneldevermittlungsanlage is divided into an expansion-dependent coupling network (10) and in one or more terminal units (12), each for a plurality of terminals or bundles (36, 18) of , Connections forms an independent component of the telecommunication exchange, - That the processors (AO, BO) separated from the coupling network (10) and the connection units (12) are assigned, 23.02.1979 Ott / Eh. - / - fea I. 1/2/5 ... - That the processors with the communication paths (38) of their associated terminal units (12) are connectable, - That the message paths (38) in addition to their punctuation of the message transmission and the function of information transmission between the processors (AO, BO) have, and - That the processors (AO, BO) of each terminal unit (12) via the communication paths (38) with all coupling devices (42, 108) within the terminal units (12) and in the switching network (10) are connectable and control them. Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage according to item i, characterized in that the connections are grouped together to terminal bundles (36) that each terminal bundle, a first processor (AO) is assigned from a first group (A) of processors for this connection bundle connection-specific punctures (eg monitoring on connection request) and performs a first part of control functions (eg route search) for connections, that in each case one or more terminal bundles a second processor (BO) from a second group (B) is assigned by processors, the remaining part of the control functions (eg. B. Preparation, maintenance and release) for compounds executes that the connection between the processors of these two groups (A, B) for the production of a particular communication link only for a short time for the transmission of control information (eg result of the route search) and that the processors in the both n groups (A, B) are otherwise independent of each other. - 21 - * - 6 A, .. 1/2/5 ... 3 .. Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage according to item 1- or 2, characterized in that the message paths consist of time-division lines on which both the messages and the tax infor tion are digitized in time channels transmitted. k. Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage according to item 3, characterized in that the message paths represent two-way connections. 5 · Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage after one of the points 1 to ¹ J, characterized in that control signals are transmitted bit asynchronously over the transmission paths. 6. Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage according to one of the items' 3 to 5 j characterized in that the data to be transmitted are transmitted on internal and external transmission paths PCM-coded. 7 · Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage after one of the points 2 to 6, characterized in that the processors of the second group (B) are also available for common punctuation pertaining to and supplementing punctures of the first group (A) of the processors. - ^3δ - 212 1/2/5 ... 8. Pernmeldevermittlungsanlage after one of the points 1 to 7, characterized in that said processors of the second group (B) each consist, for safety reasons, of a pair of processors selectable by the transfer path selection control signals such that, in the event of failure, one of the processors replaces the other. 9. Telecommunications exchange after one of the points 2 to 8, characterized in that the second group (B) of processors can work as a call converter for each associated group of terminal units. 10. A switching network for telecommunication exchanges, comprising a plurality of stages of coupling means, are selectively set up the connections between terminal units which have been connected to the coupling network in response to selection control signals supplied to the coupling means and wherein a control means, which is associated with the coupling means, the transmission paths through the coupling network to make desired connections and to obtain data from connection units connected to these transmission paths, characterized in that the data of the connection units (12, 14, 16) contain control signals to be established or existing communication links and the selection control signals, which internally control connection establishment, are time-multiplexed together on the same transmission paths; that in each case a coupling arrangement each »Λ. 1/2/5 ... the switching element (300) is associated at each stage of the switching network (10) to transmit the data to the switching elements (300) in a bit-asynchronous manner via said transmission paths; and that this transfer occurs in such a way that the data in each of the switching elements (300) to which they are transmitted are again synchronized _< and that each of said connection units (12, 14, 16) is connected to any other connection via suitable transmission paths Unit (12, 14, 16) can be connected. 11. A switching network according to 10, characterized in that the coupling network (10) includes a plurality of levels with a plurality of stages of coupling elements (300), wherein · at least some of these levels (100, 106) via multiplex transmission paths with access switch (42, 44) in the connection units (12) are connected. 12. Coupling network according to one of the items 10 or 11, characterized in that means are provided which in the last stage of the coupling network a. Ref x. allow the transmission through the switching network, where only a single constant data address is required for such a reflected connection. 13 · coupling network of any one of - 10 to 12, characterized in that at each of the coupling elements (300) means are provided which receive the data transmitted via the communication channels digital data commands which relate to the connection, and can evaluate. , 1/2/5 ... 14. Multiple coupling element, in particular for switching networks of telecommunications switching systems, the. comprising a plurality of multiple coupling elements, characterized in that the multiple coupling element (300) has a plurality of gates on which phase-asynchronous data are received, with some gates operating as input ports and others as output ports, and interconnections between the ports via a bus (302 ) of the multiple coupling element (300) can be produced by means of digital command signals. 15. Multiple coupling element after point · I ** s characterized in that the bus line (302) is formed as a time division multiplex transmission path containing a plurality of channels. 16. The multiple coupling element according to one of the radio I ^ or 15, characterized in that at each gate means for synchronous transmission of the data from the entrance of a gate to the manifold that are provided at each gate means for the reception of command signals, the data from the Can selectively remove bus, and that these commands transfer data from the bus to the output of this gate. , 17. The multiple coupling element according to one of the points 14 to 16, characterized in that each of the coupling elements (300) depending on the connection control signals supplied to it can selectively reflect either the on the coupling element (300) via an input port incoming phase-locked traffic, the reflection to another output port of the coupling element (300) takes place or the input port at which the connection arrives is also used as the output port of this coupling element (300), "- / - , 1/2/5 ... the traffic is then phase locked from the entrance gate to the exit gate. 18. A multiple-link element according to any one of items 3.4 to 17, characterized in that it is so functionally variable to either pass the traffic over itself to a subsequent stage of the switching network (10) or to reflect the traffic into preceding stages. 19. Multiple coupling element according to one of the items 14 to 18, d. characterized in that digital command signals for controlling the operation of the coupling element (300) include multi-bit input channel data words that address a particular output port. 20. Multiple coupling element according to item 19 »characterized in that the command signals contain indicators for a new addressing of a gate, as long as there is another available channel at an already addressed gate. 21. A multiple coupling element according to any one of the points 14 to 20, characterized in that the multiple coupling element includes means for data coupling in or out of a gate containing a receive control logic (308) for the bit and word synchronization, and in that a transmit control logic (306) for the bit-synchronous transfer of data from the bus serially through the port. HienoL ^ LSsitenleichnungen