DD201725A5 - ARRANGEMENT FOR RECEIVING AND STORING ENVIRONMENTAL WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of heating buildings by means of a heat pump process, in which heat is removed from the surroundings by building parts (10) which are located in the open, is temporarily stored for a short period by the same building parts and is fed via a heat pump (30) to a heating circuit, and wherein a heat exchanger system including building parts (11) located in the ground can be connected to the vaporizer side (31) of the heat pump, characterised in that the temporarily stored heat is fed selectively, by means of a regulator (60) which is automatically controlled as a function of the heat requirement and heat availability, to the vaporizer side (31) of the heat pump (30) or to the heat exchanger system which acts as a long-term store (11) and which, in the case of low availability of heat from the surroundings, is automatically connected via the regulator to the vaporizer side (31) of the heat pump (30).

Description

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Arrangement for receiving and storing environmental heat

Field of application of the invention;

The invention relates to an arrangement for receiving and storing environmental heat for the purpose of heating and cooling of buildings.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions;

Characteristic of this system is that by means of an absorber the environment, e.g. the outside air, heat that can be stored and that is supplied to the heating circuit installed in the building of a low-temperature heating system. Between Absorber- or storage circuit and heating circuit is a -. arranged electrically operated heat pump, which raises the Temperaturniveauo the heat extracted from the environment heat energy to a temperature level that allows a space heating or hot water.

In these systems, it is generally known that the absorber and storage circuits are essentially formed of embedded in components, traversed by a liquid or gaseous carrier pipe coils.

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Such an arrangement with the described absorber and storage elements is e.g. known from DE-OS 2 336 667. After this writing three-shell wall elements are provided in the outer shell to form the absorber and in the inner shell to form a surface heating coils are embedded, wherein between the outer shell and inner shell, a thermal barrier coating is arranged.

These constructions have an energetically unfavorable structure. In addition, so that the thermally favorable properties of the concrete little or sometimes not even used.

Between the cooled outer and heated inner shell is in such constructions, a relatively large driving temperature gradient. Under the effect of this temperature gradient, there is a large heat flow in the wall cross-section, which additionally loads the heat pump circuit and thus worsens the economy of the system.

Furthermore, in the described constructions, the internal heat storage options are not used or not

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Aim of the invention:

By the invention, a higher efficiency and improved economy is achieved.

Explanation of the essence of the invention;

The invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the generic type, the heat storage

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ability of concrete, which is one of the most heat-efficient building materials, makes better use of it.

According to the present invention, this object is achieved in principle by the fact that used for the simultaneous absorption and temporary storage of heat outdoor components are used while cold storage for long-term heat storage, the earth-contacting components are used. As absorber and memory components in this case are relatively simple and thus inexpensive to produce massive components of cement-bonded building materials, preferably concrete, used / in which the flowed through by the carrier coils are already embedded in the production.

The concrete absorbers have the favorable properties of storing large amounts of heat in a relatively small space and then releasing them again with a time lag. The absorbers thus fulfill the functions of two components: they are heat-absorbing surface heat exchangers and simultaneously short-term storage. In this way, absorbers can be realized whose maximum performance time-shifted to the maximum of the energy supply from the environment occurs. This targeted phase shift results in significantly higher area performance and better cost-effectiveness.

Another necessary feature for the operation of the inventive arrangement is that in the absorber circuit valves and / or circulating pumps are provided, which are controlled by a controller depending on the heat supply or heat demand and the storage state.

Thus, the liquid circuits of absorber and storage circuit, for example, in the manner indicated in claim 2 alternatively switchable.

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Structurally, the system according to the invention also leads to advantages which could not be achieved with the known absorber elements mentioned above. In the hitherto practiced systems, it is necessary to attach the heat-absorbing components to the sunny sides of the building. However, these sides of the building usually have the largest window areas, so that remain for occupying with heat-receiving tubes only relatively small-residual surfaces, which also leads to uneconomically long pipelines, unfavorable performance and distribution and disproportionate joints ,

These disadvantages are avoided according to the present invention, characterized in that the fluid circuits of the Absorberund storage circuit are consistently separated from the fluidity circuit of the heating circuit both spatially and fluidly. This measure makes it possible to optimally design and arrange absorber and storage elements depending on the local / energetic and structural conditions. The absorber area share is thereby drastically reduced.

For this purpose, furthermore, the coils of the absorber circuit are arranged in their own, essentially freestanding solid external components, ie components located above the earth's surface, of a building. Such components may, as further proposed by the invention, either included in the building elements such as balcony slabs or parapets, Attikas, pilaster strips, exterior wall panels, interception or retaining walls, or freestanding components such as freestanding Maue'rn, pergolas or garages or Like. Be room body.

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A particularly efficient production of the absorber and storage elements is made possible if the solid exterior components and earth-contacting storage components consist of prefabricated concrete slabs, blocks or the like, in which the coils are embedded in the form of tube registers or tubular mats. As material for the pipes used is metal, for example non-ferrous metal because of favorable thermal conductivity, but also plastic, these tubes should be traversed in the absorber and memory travels of an offset with an antifreeze carrier, for example, a brine liquid. As far as the heating circuits are located in areas / which are not exposed to a risk of frost, they can be traversed by water. Otherwise, an anti-freeze must also be added to the carrier medium of the bisecting circles.

All low-temperature heating systems are basically suitable for heating buildings. They can be designed as floor, ceiling and wall heaters, but also deliver the heat through separate radiator. It is also conceivable, by means of heat energy supplied by the heat pump, to feed the heat exchanger of a hot-air heating, the heat of which is brought by convection into the rooms to be heated by means of fans in the form of heat. In addition, any combination of these heating systems is conceivable.

Finally, a system constructed according to the invention not only allows the heating of rooms but also their cooling.

In its simplest application, heat is withdrawn from the space to be cooled via the heating system, which heat is supplied to the earth-contacting storage components by means of a heat exchanger, from where the heat is transferred to the earth.

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is given rich. Of course, this type of cooling requires that the storage components have a lower temperature than the radiators of the low-temperature heating, which will usually be the case. With this type of cooling, the heat pump remains inoperative.

If, for cooling, the absorber outer components are to be used as well, the present invention provides a further, particularly advantageous type of circuit

Thereafter, the heat extracted with the working as a cooling system heating heat is not supplied directly to the storage components but the cold side of the heat pump, which raises the heat energy supplied to a higher temperature level, as in the case of heating, whereupon the heat is supplied to a second heat exchanger on the condenser side. The secondary side of this second heat exchanger is connected to the pipe register of the absorber and storage components via which the heat is transferred to the outside and to the ground, with the interposition of stop valves and circulating pumps. Since an increase in the temperature level takes place, this cooling also works relatively well high outside temperatures.

Moreover, the concrete design options are the subject of the dependent claims.

The system according to the invention for receiving, storing and emitting environmental heat for the purpose of heating or for dissipating room heat for the purpose of cooling is explained below in detail with reference to schematic diagrams, with which the structure and the various operating situations are illustrated.

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On a detailed presentation and description of the individual modules can be omitted, since these are known.

Embodiment:

The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. In the drawings show:

1 shows a schematic circuit diagram for illustrating the system,

FIG. 2 shows a detailed representation of the arrangement according to the invention for various operating situations, namely FIG. 2: absorber operation via external components

Fig. 3: absorber operation on memory components

Fig. 4: heat storage in memory components

Fig. 5: Heat output via low temperature heating

Fig. 6: Heat output for hot water

Fig. 7: Cooling operation by heat exchange with memory components and

Fig. 8: Cooling operation by means of heat pump.

As the schematic representation gem. Fig. 1 reveals, the inventive arrangement or system consists of an absorber and storage circuit for receiving and storing the heat energy from the environment and a heating circuit in the form of a low-temperature heating 20 of any kind and

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a system for hot water 21 together, the heat transfer from absorber and storage circuit to the heating circuit by means of a heat pump 30 takes place.

The various operating states of the system are controlled by means of a controller 60, in which measured data are processed which correspond to the heat supply and demand, in particular the temperatures of circulating air, the heat transfer medium within the absorber and storage circuits, the heating circuits or hot water units. De according to the required and useful operating conditions, control and control commands are generated in response to these data, which the circulation pumps 12, 13 in the absorber and storage circuit or in the heating circuit and the control valves 14, 15, 16 in the absorber and storage circuit or 23 , 24, 25 are fed in the heating circuit.

The various switching states for space heating or hot water preparation are illustrated by means of the block diagrams in FIGS. 2 to 6.

The block diagrams acc. FIGS. 7 to 8 illustrate the switching or operating states in the cooling mode.

The respective activated assemblies are shown hatched, the flow circuits are indicated with registered ring arrows.

Fig. 2 illustrates _#> as in the so-called absorber operation by means of the external components 10 which are in contact with the outside atmosphere massive absorber absorb heat from the environment, wherein the air, precipitation and condensation water is removed and the solar radiation according to the absorption and emission properties of the Surface is used. The three-way valve 14 is thus

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controls that the heat transfer fluid, transported by the circulation pump 12, circulates and the heat exchanger 30 feeds heat to the evaporator side 31. The heat pump 30 brings the amount of heat supplied in a known manner to a higher temperature level and outputs it on the capacitor side 32 to the space heating or hot water serving circuits 20, 21 from. In this mode of operation, the earth-contacting memory components are switched off.

In the event of a surplus of heat energy from the environment, the energy absorbed by the absorber outer component 10 can be stored in the earth-contacting storage component 11. For this purpose, the circuits of absorber and storage components via the 3-way valves 14 ^ series are connected, wherein the circulation pump 13 provides the flow circulation. The heat pump 30 and circulating pump 12 are turned off in this case (see Fig .. 4). .

With a high energy demand for the building heating and low energy supply from the environment, as illustrated with Fig., The circuit of the massive storage is connected via the appropriately controlled 3-way valves 14 to the evaporator side 31 of the heat pump 3Q, wherein the circulation pump 12 for the maintenance of the flow ensures. The valve 14 is switched so that the absorber branch is separated with the massive absorber components 10.

The different ways of heat transfer are gem. Fig. 5 and 6 illustrates, wherein the absorber circuit optionally gem. Fig. 2 or can be switched.

After the presentation acc. 5 is the heating circuit with its symbolically indicated heat generators 20 via three-way valve 24 and the switched circulating pump 22 with the condenser side 32 of the operating heat exchanger.

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connected pump 30. The raised to a higher temperature level heat energy is delivered via radiators of any kind of low-temperature heating 20 to the room to be heated.

Have the rooms to be heated attained the predetermined temperature, the valve 24 is switched so that only the branch 21 for hot water via the valve 24 and the circulation pump 22 is connected to the condenser side 32 of the heat pump, as symbolized by Fig. 6 is. A boiler for heating water is heated at times when the energy supply to the environment permits the most economical heating and the energy requirement for Raumbehiezung, e.g. with strong direct heating of the rooms by solar radiation, has become low

The illustrated with Figs. 2 to 5 system is in a particularly advantageous manner uach for room cooling, so zurcombete room air conditioning, if, as with the block diagrams according to. Fig. 7 and 7 indicated, supplemented by heat exchangers.

In the simpler switching example, in which the cooling takes place exclusively by heat exchange with the earth-contacting memory components, the etching circuit is connected to the secondary circuit 41 of the heat exchanger 40 via the shut-off valve 44, which is now switched through, and the switched-circulation pump 46. Its primary circuit 42 is connected via the through-connected shut-off valve 16 and the three-way valve 15 to the circuit of the earth-contacting memory component 11, wherein the switched circulating pump 13 ensures the maintenance of the circuit.

In this circuit, the heat extracted from the space via the elements of the heating circuit 20 is supplied to the earth-contacting storage component 11 by means of the heat exchanger 40

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and discharged from there to the soil, so that there is a cooling of the building rooms.

An even more effective cooling is gem. Fig. 8 reached. The heating circuit 20 is connected in the same way through the through-connected shut-off valve 44 and the circulating circulation pump 46 to the secondary circuit 41 of the heat exchanger 40 · Anders afc in the circuit gem. 7, however, the primary circuit 42 of the heat exchanger 40 is connected via the through-connected 3-way valves 14 and 15 and the check valve 16 and the switched-circulation pump 12 to the evaporator side 31 of the switched-30 heat exchanger. It is important here that the path from the 3-way valve 14 to the absorber circuit 10 and the path from the valve 15 to the storage circuit 11 is blocked.

To the condenser side 32 of the heat pump 30, a further heat exchanger 50 with its primary side 51 is connected via the through-connected valves 23 to 25 and the circulating heat pump, 22. The heat energy transferred by it to the secondary side 52 is supplied to the absorber outer component 10 via the through-connected shut-off valve 54 and the switched circulating pump 53.

In this circuit arrangement, in which gem. Fig. 7 of the staggered with antifreeze absorber circuit is consistently separated from the water-bearing heating circuit / takes place the heat dissipation and thus cooling of the rooms as follows.

The heat absorbed by the room-side heating surfaces of the heating circuit 20 is supplied via the heat exchanger 40 of the evaporator side 31 of the heat pump. The heat pump raises the supplied energy to a higher temperature level and supplies this heat energy from the condenser side 32 to the heat exchanger 50. The heat exchanger

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transferred heat is supplied to the external components and discharged from them to the circulating air.

By using the heat pump 3.0, it is possible to achieve room cooling even at higher outside temperatures.

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Claims (13)

E rf i η d u η g s a n s p r u c h: j 1. Arrangement for receiving, storing and emitting environmental heat for the purpose of heating or cooling buildings, consisting of an absorber circuit, a storage circuit, a heating circuit of a low-temperature heating system and a heat pump arranged between absorber or storage circuit and heating circuit, wherein the absorber and storage circuits are essentially formed by embedded in components, von'einem liquid or gaseous carrier flowed through coils are formed, characterized in that massive, Erddührührende components as long-term cold storage for long-term heat storage and massive outdoor components as absorbers and short-term dispenser for recording and short-term storage the heat are provided that the solid components of cement-bonded building materials, preferably concrete, and that in the absorber circuit valves and / or circulating pumps are provided by a controller (60) depending on the heat supply or heat demand u nd the memory state to be controlled. 2. Arrangement according to item 1 for the heating of buildings, characterized in that the liquid circuits of absorber circuit (10) and storage circuit (11) are alternatively switchable as follows: a) To remove the heat from the outer components of the absorber circuit (10) with the cold side (31) of the heat pump (30) is connected (Fig. 2). b) To remove the heat from the earth-contacting components of the storage circuit (11) with the evaporator side (31) of the heat pump (30) is connected (Fig. 3). - 14 - 233 359 3 c) In order to transport the heat from the external components into the components in contact with the earth, the absorber (10) and storage circuit (11) are connected in series (FIG. 4) without the heat pump (30) being switched on. 3. Arrangement according to item 1 or 2, characterized in that the solid exterior components (10) and the ground-contacting storage components (11) prefabricated concrete slabs, blocks or the like., Are embedded in which coils in the form of tube registers or pipe mats. 4. Arrangement according to item 3, characterized in that the external components (10) included in the building or freestanding components or structures such as balcony slabs or parapets, Attikas, pilaster, exterior wall panels, Abfangoder retaining walls, free-standing walls, pergolas or the like or garages or the like. Raumkörper sind. 5. Arrangement according to item 4, characterized in that the outer components (10) are provided with a surface in which by form or coloring, structuring or coating improves the heat absorption from the environment and at the same time the heat radiation is reduced. 6. Arrangement according to item 3, characterized in that the ground-contacting storage components (11) of foundation parts of the building or outbuildings, such as underground parking, floor panels, located in the ground walls or other storage mats are formed. 7. Arrangement according to item 1, characterized in that the on the capacitor side (32) of the heat pump (30) connected to the heating circuit (20) is designed as a floor, wall or ceiling heating embedded in internal components of pipe coils. 23 33b9 3 8. Arrangement according to item 1, characterized in that on the capacitor side (32) of the heat pump (30) connected to the heating circuit (20) has separate radiator. 9. Arrangement according to item 1, characterized in that the on the capacitor side (32) of the heat pump (30) connected heating circuit feeds a heat exchanger of a hot air heating. 10. Arrangement according to item 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that parallel to the heating circuit (20) to the condenser side (32) of the heat pump (30), a second heating circuit (21) for hot water preparation via a changeover valve (24) is connected, which are automatically controlled via a controller (60) such that the Wamrwasserbereitung takes place at times of great heat supply (Fig. 6). 11. Arrangement according to item 1, characterized in that for room cooling with switched off heat pump (30) with the storage circuit (11), a heat exchanger (40) with its primary circuit (42) is switchable, the secondary circuit (41) with the heating circuit (20). is connectable. (Figure 7). 12. Arrangement according to item 1, characterized in that for the space cooling when the heat pump (30) of the primary circuit (42) of a first heat exchanger (40) with the evaporator side (31) of the heat pump (30) and its secondary circuit (41) with the heating circuit (20), wherein the condenser side (32) of the heat pump (30) to the primary circuit (51) of a second heat exchanger (50) and its secondary circuit (52) to the absorber circuit (10) are connected (Fig. 8). 13. Arrangement according to one or more of the items 1 to 12, characterized in that the coils of the absorber, storage or heating circuits (10, 11, 20) plastic. ·. 233 3 59 3 or metal, for example, non-ferrous metal pipes are, which are flowed through by a serving as a heat transfer medium brine liquid. - For this 8 sheets drawings - - 17 -