DD212468A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF FRESH CONCRETE - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and device for automatic distribution of fresh concrete or similar flowable materials, especially in the prefabrication of large-area concrete elements. The goal is to be independent of programming devices and mold-specific software and to allow accurate dosing even with different concrete consistency. This is achieved by contactless distance sensors measuring the height profile of the circuit boards and storing them in a process computer. In a special device, the density of the compressed discharge material is determined. The process computer calculates the required material quantities based on partial areas on the basis of the height profile and the weight. The quantity of material present in the storage container is signaled by force encoders. The amount of the quantity required per partial area is actually carried out by the process computer with the quantity actually discharged according to the force measuring device. This figure is used to control the speed of the relative movement between the mold and the storage container.

Description

459

Title of the invention

Method and device for automatic distribution of fresh concrete

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and a device for the automatic distribution of fresh concrete in molds or on documents, especially for large-scale elements in lying manufacturing technology. In addition to fresh concrete, the invention also applies to other similarly flowable materials.

Characteristic of the Known Technical Solutions Known are devices for the automatic distribution of fresh concrete whose actuators receive their command by a programming device. The type of programming device consists of a template arrangement which is scanned by light barriers, wherein each actuator element is assigned a template path and a light barrier. A disadvantage of this type are once the large dimensions and the associated unwieldiness and the required workload when replacing the templates.

Another type of programming device consists of a clock rail with uniformly recessed metal occupancies at intervals, past the initiators.

245951 2

In an electronic circuit, a pulse count takes place. If the counter value coincides with a previously programmed value, the drive of an actuating element, for. B. for opening a reservoir.

Both mentioned programming devices have the disadvantage that created for each type of concrete element a corresponding program and must be entered before the concrete discharge. You also have the Hachteil that irregularities in the concrete discharge does not correct automatically and thus conditional Hester arise with insufficient filling height. Furthermore, a method is known, according to which from a reservoir, which is provided with a series of outlets across the Porm, flowable material is filled in an open! In this case, during the relative movement of the reservoir and form signals are generated, which are representative of the relative position of the outlets. These signals are automatically compared with information from a function program of the outlets to provide control of material flow through the outlets. In this case, the discharged material mass, which was determined by weighing, is continuously or at intervals compared with the mass that would have been discharged according to the program for the particular shape. The thus obtained 3-he signal controls the speed of the relative movement between the form and the -Auslassen. This method once has the disadvantage that for each type of mold to be filled, a specific program must be edited, tested and, if necessary, revised. It also has the disadvantage that a program that does not match the porm to be filled is erroneously entered and thus an ITehl filling can take place. Not inconsiderable when it comes to the discharge of concrete is also the fact that different consistencies that result in a different compression ratio are not taken into account.

4596 I 2

Object of the invention

Goal of. Invention is. That special programming devices, such as templates, clock rails u. Ä. omitted. Irregularities in the concrete discharge should correct automatically. The need to use specific programs for each type of mold should be eliminated. Sin another goal is that especially when discharging fresh concrete, which is to be compressed later, the consistency of the concrete is automatically taken into account.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for automatically distributing fresh concrete or similar flowable materials that are functional without special programming devices and without specifically designed on mold types or types of programs programs. Method and apparatus must be suitable, in particular when distributing fresh concrete, which is to be compacted later, interpreted in the form or on the substrate such a height that gives the desired height after the compaction process, regardless of the consistency of the material.

Features of the invention

According to the invention this is achieved in that sensors scan the height profile of the scarf surfaces, so the coordinate-oriented individual heights on the Sehalteilflächen the form or pad and the signals obtained coordinate coordinates are stored on a process computer · The height profile is determined in particular by the mold bottom, by inserting into the Molds, such as cassettes and Däinmstücke, for example, for window recesses on exterior wall elements. In a particular device erfindung3gemäß the weight for the material to be distributed is determined in the compressed state. The weight is particularly influenced by the consistency, ie the water content but also by the individual weights of the aggregates. On G-round the desired height of the element, the signals of the height profile, the weight of the compacted material and.praktisch determined correction factors according to the invention for a partial area required amount of material, expressed as weight, determined by predetermined algorithm according to the invention.

After the discharge of Materiaies on the sub-surface is calculated by the process computer on the basis of the court toll difference of the reservoir, how much material for the unit area was discharged too much or too little. By means of the process computer, the punctuation groups which are decisive for the distribution are controlled in such a way that the compensation takes place in the following area unit. In a particular variant, non-contact proximity proximity sensors which function, for example, according to the phase comparison method of emitted and reflected beams, are used as sensors. The distance from the proximity sensor to the contact surface from which the beams are reflected is measured.

The apparatus for carrying out the method has, above the mold or the base into which or on which the material is to be distributed, a supply container equipped with gravitational force feeders, which has a corresponding discharge device, for example a conveyor belt or a closure for free-fall discharge or the like , The reservoir or the mold or pad have a speed-adjustable drive. In discharge seen in front of the reservoir are in the fixed. Distance one or more Abstandsmeßgeber arranged The relative position of a point of the form bsw. Pad to the discharge point of Materiaies and the position of the distance sensors is signaled in a horizontal plane in coordinate input by position sensor. To determine the weight or other proportional value of the compacted Materiaies a corresponding device is present.

There is also a process computer capable of generating the required partial discharge weight forces for faces of the form bzvi. Calculate pad and the relative movement between form bsw. Underlay and storage tank to control. The weight of the filled with the material to be dispensed reservoir is signaled by the Gewichtsskraftmeßgeber to the process computer. Due to the special device for determining the density of the compacted material, the weight is determined internally or estern. By aen or dia Abstandsmeßgeber the distance to the scarf surface is determined for a very small area and stored in the process computer.

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Is reached by the relative movement form or pad to the reservoir, this sub-area under the discharge parts of the reservoir, is den.Prozeßrechner due to the stored distance Schalfläche to Abstandsmeßgeber, the weight of the compacted material, the predetermined height of the compacted element, the size of the partial surface and one or more correction factors calculate the required subset, expressed as weight. Furthermore, by the process computer at the end of this part of the difference between the calculated required weight and the actually discharged, resulting from the signals of the Gewichtsskraftmeßgeber determined, calculated from the change in the speed of the relative movement for the next partial area and the drive units controlled accordingly. The aim is to strive for the difference between the required weight and actually discharged against Hull.

To control the discharged layer and for the control of a possibly ITachdosierung one or more Abstandsmeßgeber are arranged downstream of the reservoir. Positioners that signal the position of the distance or the encoder are also available. The process computer must be capable of coordinately storing the signals from the proximity sensor (s) and controlling the dosing. The signals from the reservoir subordinate gauges, which signal the distance between the giver and the surface of the material being dispensed, are stored coordinate associated by the process computer. Hach distributing the entire Porm- or documents filling are compared by the process computer, the sum of the required partial weight forces the weight difference of the reservoir. If equal, no correction is required. If the sum of the required partial weight forces is large, a lachrymixing of the difference is necessary. In accordance with the stored signals of the height profile of the surface of the distributed material, the process computer uses a predetermined algorithm to position the release parts of the storage container at the locations where the fill level is too low and control the discharge functions.

A zvieckmäßiges system of distance measurement provides each a distance sensor before and after the reservoir ago »These are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the Porm or pad moved by drive. Sine appropriate type of process computer retrieves the signals of Abstandsmeßgeber and Gewichtskraftmeßgeber at intervals at predetermined coordinates _o Sine further expedient type of process computer interrupts the material distribution process upon reaching a predetermined minimum value for the weight of the reservoir. To take over new material, the required functions are controlled by him. After the material has been taken over, the process computer triggers and controls the continuation of the discharge process at the point at which it was interrupted.

An expedient type of storage container has side limits which can be adjusted by means of drive, which laterally delimit the material discharge. The relative position of these lateral boundaries in a transverse axis of a horizontal plane with respect to a point of the pylon or pad is signaled by position encoders. If the necessary discharge width is smaller than that of the discharge device of the storage container, the side boundaries are controlled and adjusted by the process computer on the basis of the signals of the distance measuring sensor or sensors. This arises, for example, when the distance sensor signals an insulating piece. The device for determining the density of the compacted material according to the invention has a sliding piece which slides between a hopper and a table top. The sliding piece has a cavity for receiving the test material. Appropriately, the cavity ala truncated cone is formed with lower lying larger diameter. The sliding piece is displaceable by a drive. The table top rests on springs and is connected to a compacting device, expediently an external vibrator. In the table top, a hole about the size of the lower truncated cone diameter is provided off-axis to the hopper. Below this hole an emptying receptacle for the test material is arranged. The receptacle optionally acts on the force transducer or the weight indicator · '

! lach filling the test material into the hopper and the underlying cavity of the sliding piece, the compacting device is turned on. ITach completion of the compression, the sliding piece is moved so that its cavity passes over the hole of the table and the compressed test material falls through this hole in the receptacle. When moving the surface of the test cavity is simultaneously scraped off. In the receptacle, the weight force is displayed by the weight force indicator odsr by the Gewichtsskraftmeßgeber a signal is generated for the weight force. By forming the quotient weight / volume of the cavity of the sliding piece results in the weight of the compacted material. This is z. For example, the size of the water content may be smaller and the water content may be smaller. The signal of the weight force transducer may also be fed directly into the process computer of the dispensing device.

embodiment

The invention will be explained below using an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawing show:

Pig. 1: the section A-A according to FIG. 3 Pigo 2: the section G-C according to FIG. 1 Pig. 3: the section 3-2 according to FIG. 1

Fig. 4: the designations for the average distance of the Abstandsmeßgeber to the top edge of the mold base or base and its tolerances

Fig. 5 - Schematic representation of the plan view of a mold Fig. 6: Explanatory depiction of the point designations Fig. 7: Section through the device for determining the weight

On a driven with adjustable drive 1 chassis frame 2, which is movable on a track 3 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mold 4, a frame-5 is arranged transversely to the mold longitudinal axis movable.

On the frame 5 load cells 6 are placed, on which the reservoir 7 rests. The connection between load cells 6 and the reservoir is such that only vertical forces act on the load cells 6, which is conveniently achieved by interposed balls. The horizontal forces are intercepted by corresponding structural elements.

Below the silo a conveyor belt S is arranged, whose constant transport speed is matched to the driving speed range of the drive 1, the intended area of the concrete layer thicknesses and the height of the outlet opening of the storage container 7. The discharge width b_ from the

Reservoir according to FIG. 2 is achieved by drive-adjustable side boundaries 9.

In front of the reservoir 7, a distance measuring transducer 10 is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the mold over the range of max. Discharge width b of the conveyor belt 8 arranged movable by drive. The respective position of the undercarriage frame 2 with respect to a fixed point 35 is determined by a position transmitter 11, the respective position of the frame 5 with respect to the fixed point 35 by a position transmitter 12 and the respective position of the distance measuring sensor 10 with respect to FIG Reservoir 7 signaled by a position sensor 13. The positions of the side boundaries 9 with respect to the reservoir 7 are signaled by position sensor 14 and 15. For example, toothed or sprocket wheels, which are connected to a resolver and are each in engagement with a fixed rack or chain, can be used as position encoders. The molds 4 always have the same position with respect to the fixing material 35. The upper edge of the mold base has, according to FIG. 4, a distance from the distance measuring transmitter 10 . t with a solvency of + T,

Internally or estern, a device is available which detects the "weighty" of the compacted material to be circulated. A particular embodiment variant for determining the weight is shown in FIG. 7. On a table top 29, which rests on springs 31 and is provided with an external vibrator 30, a sliding piece 24 is arranged.

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The sliding piece 24 has a cavity 28 with the known volume V, which is expediently designed as a downwardly widening truncated cone. Above the sliding piece 24, a filling funnel 23 for the test material is sealingly arranged. Below an opening 32 in the table top 29 is a receptacle 26 , which rests on load cells 27, arranged. The bottom of the receptacle 26 has an opening flap. On sliding piece 24 engages a hydraulic cylinder 25 at «. Iiach. the filling of a sufficient amount of 3eton in the hopper 23 also fills the cavity 28. Upon vibration, the test material is compacted. By moving the sliding piece 24 through the opening 32, the Prüfkegelstumpf is topped off and falls into the closed receptacle 26. There, the signal or the display of the load cells 27 is changed. This change corresponds to the weight force G of the compacted contents of the cavity 28. Thus, the weight V "= G / V is reached. Opening of the receptacle 26 may cause the material under test to fall out and a new test becomes possible after the residual material is removed from the hopper 23 has been.

In a particular embodiment variant, a v / eiterer distance sensor 21 is arranged transversely movable on the chassis frame 2 after the discharge point of the conveyor belt 8 over the entire width of the mold 4 by drive. The respective position with respect to the fixed point 35 is signaled by a position sensor 22.

The signals of said encoders, load cells and the device for determining the weight act on a process computer 16. V / eitere information is entered before the start of the process by hand, so that the process computer following constant and variable information sur Verfugung are:

- Longitudinal positions I ^ (that is to say, the distance in the longitudinal direction from the fixed point to the position i) through the position transmitter 11 (see FIG.

Width positions b 1 (ie distance in transverse direction from the fixed point to position k) by position encoders 12 and 13 or 12 and H or 12 and 15 or 22 (see FIG.

- Distance t ..-, (ie, the vertical distance of the Abstandsmeßgebers 10 to the scarf surface at the point ik) by Abstandsmeßgeber 10th

- Gravity of the reservoir 7 G _y r ^ --j \ or G _vi ^ in position of the discharge parts of the conveyor belt 8 on the coordinates (i-1) (k-1) or on the coordinates ik according to Pig. β by load cells 6

- value for the density V * of the compacted fresh concrete from the "internally or estern existing apparatus for their determination" because this value is not constantly substantial

'Is subject to fluctuations, it is sufficient if z. B. only 4-5 & al de working shift this provision vorgenom-. will be.

- required element thickness H by manual input

mean distance t of the upper edge of the mold bottom to distance measuring transmitter 10 and permissible tolerance T correspond to FIG. 4 by manual input

fixed distance Q parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mold corresponding to FIG. Fixing a t ..- value at point (i,) This ^ _{(u £ 'a)} ~ ^ ^{he "t} w: ir.cL then determined by the process computer if the condition

(t- '-T) - = t. _v - <t + T)

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in the condition

tik - = ^ ₀ - ¹ * and remains stored in the process computer as a fixed value until the second condition returns to the first condition. The value Q is expediently chosen to be a value which is slightly larger than the basic dimension of the partial pitches Ξ according to FIG. The value Q is entered by hand.

- In a particular variant, the weight of the compacted test piece 28 of FIG. 7 by the load cells 27. The constant; Volume of the specimen is then stored in the process computer 16.

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Correction value Ky, which takes account of the different compaction of the finished element compared to the compaction in the V * determination, by manual input.

in a particular embodiment, the distance s, (i.e., the vertical distance of the distance measuring sensor 21 to the surface of the uncompressed prism concrete at the points ik) by distance measuring sensors 21

- A general correction value K ^ to correct for special features by manual input

By the process computer 16 v / earth the current coordinates for the discharge point of the conveyor belt 8, the distance measuring 10 and

the page boundaries 9 determined continuously.

Prerequisite for the start of the automatic distribution of the concrete in the mold 4 is that the reservoir is filled, the required thickness H and the correction Ky and K »are entered and the Abstandsmeßgeber 10 is located approximately above the intersection of longitudinal edge formwork 17 and transverse edge formwork 13 ,

After fulfilling this start condition, the process computer activates the drive 1 and the drive of the distance measuring transmitter. While drive 1 the chassis frame 2 in the longitudinal direction of discharge according to Pig. 1, the distance sensor is constantly moved back and forth over the discharge width b _CT (Pig. 2). The distance measuring transmitter transmits the distances tj _V (Pig. 1) to the process computer, where they are stored in a coordinate-oriented manner. The distances t 1 are particularly influenced by Sinlegeteile, such as Därnrrsstück 19 or cassettes 20. If the discharge point of the conveyor belt 8 has reached coordinates which have a t, on the order of t + T, that is in

Yes. O -

1, directly behind the transverse edge formwork 13, the drive of the conveyor belt 8 is switched on by the process computer 16 and the "concrete" is discharged. During the discharge of the concrete, the following functions are fulfilled by the process computer 16:

.Calculating the required fresh concrete weight force .- ^ CT for each lying under the discharge point of the conveyor belt 8 area unit ^ A., = Cb ₁ -b _ri . >.) ·

Ss result with a sufficient accuracy for the practice z. B.

for the range t, ,, -s (t -T), d. i. if there is a sine part 19 or 20 at point i ^.

^^ (H + t ^ - t _{(i] £} _ _{q) χ}

for the range (t - T) - * t, _v «« (t + T), ie if no insert at point ik. is available

- Comparing the weight difference of the Yorktbehälters G ^ ₁ "^ (JV-I) ^m ^ the 'required weight

- Rules of the driving speed ν of the drive 1 and Einbzw. Switching off the drive of the conveyor belt 3 according to the following conditions

- G _v (ik-1) = erf G ^ -ν remains

^G vik " ^G v ^^""^ ^{ssm erf G} i] r- ~ ^v reduce G jj ^ - G (ik-1) -serf G ^ - ν increase H + t. _V - t /., S = 0 drive conveyor belt

stop

H + t ^ - ^ (JJ _2-0 ) ^ * ⁰ Drive conveyor

turn on

- Return control for the chassis frame 2 and cross travel of Yorratsbehalters 7 for discharging the other concrete strips and return to. the -output spunk t

- In a particular embodiment variant da3 switching off the conveyor belt 8 when the signal strength of the load cells β below a predetermined 'value drops, ride the chassis frame 2 with reservoir 7 to the concrete transfer point and after the concrete transfer return to the coordinates at which interrupted the discharge has been. *

- "13- &. * 4" J ¹ w?

in a further particular embodiment variant, calculate the sum of the individual values G G, for the entire mold 4 and the difference between the initial weight G of the storage container, measured before the concrete discharge for the corresponding mold 4 and the final weight G measured at the end of the mold Concrete discharge for the corresponding form 4 ·

- Comparison of the sum erfZ ^ G., With the weight force difference

I "ι

G - G and control of the Sfachdosierung according to a given algorithm.

In Σ. (Erf. AG ^) = ΰ _{γ &} - ΰ _γθ discharge completed at Σ (erf Δ, Gr,)> G - G overdosing according to

US. ' Vd Vc

given algorithm y "" ^ ⁵ G "_ - G _TTrt discharge finished,

li £ vd ve

but form is crowded, no automatic correction possible.

'o-

- In a further particular embodiment variant calculate the weight y of the compacted by means of the device according to Fig. 7 fresh concrete. With the constant volume of the test specimen V_ and the weight force G _n signaled by the load cells 27, one obtains "= G / V.

P Q ^v PP

By fulfilling the above-mentioned main functions by the process computer 16 results in the automatic volume-compatible distribution of the fresh concrete in the mold 4 with a height that gives the required height H after the compaction process, taking into account the existing inserts 19, 20 and by the Sand3chalungen 17, 13 limited Slementabmessimgen. The automatic distribution by means of other discharge devices, as described in the example Lm example conveyor belt 8 and the transversely movable s reservoir 7, takes place analogously.

Claims (9)

- η - m D 3 Ö I invention claim , A method for automatically distributing fresh concrete or similar flowable materials which are still compressed in the technological process, from a reservoir whose alternating weight forces are present as signals, in horizontal lying forms or on documents that change their position relative to the reservoir with adjustable speed, wherein the relative position of the mold or pad to the reservoir in a horizontal plane is characterized by corresponding signals and the automatic control of Materialaustragsmenge by comparing the required discharge amount 'done with the actual amount of material discharged, characterized in that the height profile of the scarf surfaces (33) Sensors are scanned and the characterizing signals in a process computer (16) are stored horizontally oriented, by "one device, the weight of the compacted material or a value of this weight other value is determined and that by the process computer (16) the required Teilaustragsmengen be calculated as weight forces of the material to be discharged during the distribution according to the physical relationships or approximated algorithms. 2. The method of item 1, characterized in that the height profile of the shuttering surface characterizing signals by non-contact Abstandsmeßgeber (10) are generated, which measure the vertical distance t ^ · ®i- ^{3 2UR} shuttering surface (33). 3. Device for. Execution of the method according to item 1 and 2, characterized in that a mold (4) or pad under a with Gravity (6) equipped reservoir (7) is arranged, both relative movements to each other with adjustable speeds can, ferries out that in the solid Distance before the reservoir (7) one or more Abstandsmeßgeber (10), which signal the vertical distance between the encoder (10) and the scarf surface (33) are arranged, a device for ί.Η · J J U I £. , Determining the density of the compacted material or a value proportional to this weight is present, position sensors (11, 12, 13) are present, the relative position of a point of the form (4) or support in a horizontal plane with respect to the distance or the (10) and with respect to the discharge point (34) of the material signal that a process computer (16) is present, which stores the signals of the distance or the encoder (10) coordinates-oriented, the Teilauatragsgewichtskraft required for each sub-area according to the signals of the encoder ( 10, 11, 12, 13), which determines the density of the compacted material and given constants in accordance with physical relationships or other algorithms, compares with the coordinate-associated weight difference of the reservoir (7) and the relative motion between mold (4) and reservoir (7) so controls that the difference between required Role of the discharge weight and weight difference of the storage container (7) against STUIl. 4. The device according to item 3, characterized in that the storage container (7) one or more Abstandsmeßgeber (21) are arranged downstream, which signal the distance between the encoder (21) and the surface of the distributed material that position sensor (11, 22) are present indicative of the relative position of the proximity sensor (21) in a horizontal plane with respect to a point of the form (4), and in that there is a process computer (16) which, amongst other functions, outputs the signals of the proximity sensor (s) (21 ) stores coordinates assigned, the difference between the initial weight force and Bndgewientskraft of the reservoir (7) at a mold filling or backing enfüllung found, compares it with the required for this form or Unterlageniüllung weight force according to a pre given algorithm (the discharge parts of the reservoir 7) to the Positions are positioned with too low filling height and controls the Sfachdosieren. 5. Apparatus according to item 3 and 4 characterized gekennzeich-. net, that only one Abstandsmeßgeber (10) before the reservoir (7) and only one Abstandsmeßgeber (21) after the reservoir (7) are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the mold or pad movable and are driven by a respective drive. 6. Device according to point ^ 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that a process computer (16) is used, which retrieves the signals of the Abstandsmeßgeber (10, 21) and the Gewichtsskraftmeßgeber (6) at intervals at predetermined coordinates. ι 7. Device after: Point ..._. 3, characterized in that a process computer (16) is used, the t when he achieves a given Mind it ters it for the weight of the reservoir (7) interrupts the material distribution process, the necessary functions for the preparation for the adoption of new material in the reservoir controls and continues the material removal process. 3. Device after. Point 3, characterized in that the material flow laterally limiting, adjustable by drive side boundaries (9) are present, the relative position in a transverse axis of a horizontal plane * with respect to a point of the form (4) or pad by position sensor (12, 14j 15th ) and that a process computer (16) is used which controls the movement of the page boundaries. 9. A device for determining the density of the compacted fresh concrete or similar flowable ilateriales for the method of item 1 and the device according to item '3 characterized in that between a Einfülltrich- ter (23) with a scraper (36) and a' table top ( 29), which rests on springs (31), a sliding piece (24) having a cavity (28) for receiving the test material is arranged, that a compression device (30) is present, in particular to the in the cavity (28) filled test material acting compressively, that in the table top (29) has an opening (32) is arranged through which the test material in an emptied by Gewichtskraftmeßgebern (27) or weight indicators equipped receiving container (26) falls.