DE19829275A1 - Purification of carbonisation gas produced on gasifying waste material - Google Patents

Purification of carbonisation gas produced on gasifying waste material

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Publication number
DE19829275A1
DE19829275A1 DE19829275A DE19829275A DE19829275A1 DE 19829275 A1 DE19829275 A1 DE 19829275A1 DE 19829275 A DE19829275 A DE 19829275A DE 19829275 A DE19829275 A DE 19829275A DE 19829275 A1 DE19829275 A1 DE 19829275A1
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Prior art keywords
smoldering
gas
carbon
adsorbent
products
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DE19829275A
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German (de)
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Horst Dr Grochowski
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/32Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively adsorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/002Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/82Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916Biomass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916Biomass
    • C10J2300/092Wood, cellulose
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956Air or oxygen enriched air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1869Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The carbon-containing adsorbent is used fuel for producing the process temperature and/or as reductant for reducing metal compounds, especially metal oxides, and/or as carbonising gas for producing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to raise the calorific value of the carbonising gas. Purification of carbonisation gas produced on gasifying carbon-containing waste, such as refuse, wood, etc. comprises feeding the contaminated product gases through a layer of particulate carbon-containing adsorbent, on which the pollutants from the carbonising gas are adsorbed. The product mixed or separated is fed into the carbonising or gasifying reactor and the carbonised products destroyed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von beim Verschwelen oder Vergasen von kohlenstoffhaltigen Abfällen, wie Müll, Holz und dergleichen, anfallenden Schwelgasen.The invention relates to a method for cleaning the Carbonization or gasification of waste containing carbon, such as garbage, wood and the like, smoldering gases.

Kohlenstoffhaltige Abfälle, wie Müll, Holz und dergleichen, eignen sich zum Verschwelen und/oder Vergasen zwecks Gewin­ nung eines insbesondere CO- und H2- und ggf. auch CH- halti­ gen Gases in einem Verschwelungs- oder Vergasungsreaktor. Beim Durchlaufen des zu verschwelenden oder vergasenden Gu­ tes durch die verschiedenen Temperaturzonen findet, z. B. bei der Verwendung von Holz und/oder holzähnlichen Produk­ ten, in einem Vergaser bei einem unterstöchiometrischen Be­ trieb mit Luft in dem Temperaturbereich zwischen etwa 250°C und 650°C ein Schwelprozeß statt, bei dem kohlenwasserstoff­ haltige Verbindungen, insbesondere Teere freigesetzt werden. Das Schwelgas hat bei diesem Einsatzgut einen nahezu kon­ stanten Heizwert. Carbonaceous waste such as garbage, wood and the like are suitable for charring and / or gasifying for the purpose of winning a particular CO and H2 and possibly also CH halti genes in a carbonization or gasification reactor. When passing through the Gu to be smoldered or gasified tes through the different temperature zones, z. B. when using wood and / or wood-like product ten, in a carburetor with a substoichiometric loading floated with air in the temperature range between about 250 ° C and 650 ° C a smoldering process takes place in which hydrocarbon containing compounds, especially tars are released. The smoldering gas has an almost con constant calorific value.  

Bei der Verwendung von Hausmüll oder kohlenwasserstoffhalti­ gen industriellen Abfällen in einem Reaktor bei einem unter­ stöchiometrischen Betrieb mit Sauerstoff und bei einer Tem­ peratur bis etwa 2000°C findet ein Schwelprozeß statt, bei dem kohlenwasserstoffhaltige Verbindungen, aber auch andere kohlenstoffhaltige oder wasserstoffhaltige Verbindungen wie z. B. H2S, COS, CS2 u. a. freigesetzt werden. Dieses Schwelgas muß ebenfalls vor der Weiterverwendung von den mitgeführten Schadstoffkomponenten gereinigt werden. Der Heizwert des er­ zeugten Schwelgases weist erfahrungsgemäß auf Grund der Zu­ sammensetzung dieses Einsatzgutes keinen konstanten Heizwert auf.When using domestic waste or kohlenwasserstoffhalti industrial wastes in a reactor in a stoichiometric operation with oxygen and at a temperature up to about 2000 ° C, a smoldering process takes place in which the hydrocarbon-containing compounds, but also other carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing compounds such. B. H 2 S, COS, CS 2, etc. are released. This smoldering gas must also be cleaned of the pollutant components carried before it is used. Experience has shown that the calorific value of the carbonization gas produced does not have a constant calorific value due to the composition of this feedstock.

Noch ehe diese Schwelgase in dem Verschwel- oder Vergasungs­ reaktor nennenswerte weitere Reaktionen durchlaufen, insbe­ sondere verbrennen können, gelangen diese in das Produktgas, welches sich z. B. für die Verbrennung in Gasmotoren oder Turbinen eignet und im wesentlichen CO- und H2- und ggf. CH-haltig ist.Even before these smoldering gases in the smoldering or gasifying reactor undergo notable further reactions, esp can burn, they get into the product gas, which z. B. for combustion in gas engines or Turbines are suitable and essentially CO and H2 and possibly Contains CH.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, daß das Pro­ duktgas von diesen Schwelprodukten gereinigt werden muß und gegebenenfalls mitgerissene Flugstäube abgeschieden werden.The invention is therefore based on the object that the Pro duct gas from these smoldering products must be cleaned and if necessary entrained airborne dusts are separated.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, die hinter dem Verschwel- oder Vergasungsreaktor anfallenden verunreinigten Produktgase durch eine Schicht von partikelförmigem, kohlen­ stoffhaltigem Adsorptionsmittel zu leiten, an dem die Schwelprodukte wie z. B. Teer bzw. die Schadstoffe aus dem Schwelgas adsorbiert werden. Nach mehr oder minder vollstän­ diger Beladung des Adsorptionsmittels wird dieses, gegebe­ nenfalls zusammen mit dem abgeschiedenen Staub, dem zu ver­ schwelenden oder vergasenden Produkt beigemischt oder ge­ trennt in den Verschwel- oder Vergasungsreaktor eingegeben, um dort als Bestandteil der zu verschwelenden oder vergasen­ den Produkte verschwelt oder vergast zu werden unter gleich­ zeitiger Zerstörung der zuvor adsorbierten Schwelprodukte, z. B. durch Cracken von adsorbierten Teeren.To solve this problem it is proposed that behind the Smoldering or gasification reactor accumulating contaminated Product gases through a layer of particulate, carbon to conduct substance-containing adsorbent on which the Smoldering products such as B. tar or the pollutants from the Smoldering gas can be adsorbed. After more or less complete The loading of the adsorbent is given if necessary together with the separated dust, the ver smoldering or gasifying product mixed or ge separated into the smoldering or gasification reactor, to be there as part of the gas to be burned or gasified the products are charred or gassed at the same time  early destruction of the previously adsorbed smoldering products, e.g. B. by cracking adsorbed tars.

Durch die Erfindung wird u. a. erreicht, daß die Teere, Aero­ sole und andere Schwelprodukte, die durch andere Reinigungs­ verfahren, wie den Naßwaschen, nur unzureichend entfernbar sind, in einem einzigen Prozeß nicht nur zuverlässig aus dem Produktgas entfernt sondern auch noch entsorgt werden, ohne daß Deponieprobleme entstehen. Ferner kann durch die Erfin­ dung auf einen Trocknungsschritt für das Einsatzgut in der Regel verzichtet werden, ohne dies durch nennenswerte Nach­ teile erkaufen zu müssen; das gleiche gilt für den Schwel­ schritt vor einer Vergasung. Schließlich läßt sich durch die Erfindung die Produktgasmenge und -qualität sowie der Ver­ schwel- oder Vergasungsprozeß steuern, da das beladene koh­ lenstoffhaltige Adsorptionsmittel, wie z. B. Aktivkohlen und -kokse einen nennenswerten Kohlenstoffbeitrag in den Prozeß einbringen.The invention u. a. accomplished the tars, aero sole and other smoldering products by other cleaning procedure, such as wet washing, cannot be removed adequately are not only reliable in a single process Product gas is removed but also disposed of without that landfill problems arise. Furthermore, through the inven a drying step for the feed in the Rule can be dispensed with without doing so by noteworthy having to buy parts; the same applies to smoldering step before a gasification. Finally, the Invention the product gas quantity and quality and the Ver control smoldering or gasification process, since the loaded koh lenstoffhaltigen adsorbents, such as. B. activated carbons and -Coke a significant carbon contribution to the process bring in.

Bei der Verwertung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Adsorptionsmit­ teln aus der Abgasreinigung von einem Verbrennungsprozeß für die Entsorgung von Müll oder kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen indu­ striellen Abfällen in einem Reaktor bei Temperaturen bis et­ wa 2000°C werden die nichtbrennbaren Stoffe wie Mineralien und Metalle bzw. Metallverbindungen eingeschmolzen. Bei die­ sem Prozeß übernimmt das kohlenstoffhaltige Adsorptionsmit­ tel folgende Aufgaben:
In the recycling of carbon-containing adsorbents from the exhaust gas cleaning of a combustion process for the disposal of waste or hydrocarbon-containing industrial waste in a reactor at temperatures up to about 2000 ° C, the non-combustible materials such as minerals and metals or metal compounds are melted down. In this process, the carbonaceous adsorbent does the following:

  • - Es dient als Brennstoff zur Erzeugung der Prozeßtempe­ ratur.- It serves as fuel for the generation of the process temperature maturity.
  • - Es dient als Reduktionsmittel für die Reduktion der Me­ tallverbindungen, insbesondere zur Reduktion der Me­ talloxide, in reine Metalle. - It serves as a reducing agent for reducing the Me tallverbindungen, especially for the reduction of Me talloxides, in pure metals.  
  • - Es dient als Schwelgut zur Erzeugung von CO und H2 zur Anhebung des Heizwertes des Schwelgases.- It serves as a smoldering material for the production of CO and H 2 for increasing the calorific value of the smoldering gas.

Für die Verwendung des kohlenstoffhaltigen Adsorptionsmit­ tels als Reduktionsmittel oder als Brennstoff wird dieses vorzugsweise in den Brennraum in der Zone mit der höchsten Temperatur eingeblasen.For the use of the carbon-containing adsorption medium This is used as a reducing agent or as a fuel preferably in the combustion chamber in the zone with the highest Blown in temperature.

Für die Verwendung des kohlenstoffhaltigen Adsorptionsmit­ tels zur Anhebung des Heizwertes wird das Adsorptionsmittel vorzugsweise mit dem zu entsorgenden Müll oder den Abfällen vermischt.For the use of the carbon-containing adsorption medium The adsorbent is used to increase the calorific value preferably with the garbage or waste to be disposed of mixed.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The only figure shows a device for performing of the method according to the invention.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zum Reinigen von beim Verschwelen oder Verga­ sen von kohlenstoffhaltigen Abfällen, wie Müll, Holz und dergleichen, anfallenden Schwelgasen,
  • - bei dem die hinter dem Verschwelen oder Vergasungs­ reaktor anfallenden verunreinigten Produktgase durch mindestens eine Schicht von partikelförmi­ gem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Adsorptionsmittel gelei­ tet werden, an dem die Schwelprodukte bzw. die Schadstoffe aus dem Schwelgas adsorbiert werden, und
  • - bei dem nach erfolgter Beladung des Adsorptions­ mittels dieses, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit dem abgeschiedenen Staub, dem zu verschwelenden oder vergasenden Produkt beigemischt oder getrennt in den Verschwelen oder Vergasungsreaktor eingegeben wird, um dort als Bestandteil der zu verschwelen­ den oder vergasenden Produkte verschwelt oder ver­ gast zu werden unter gleichzeitiger Zerstörung der zuvor adsorbierten Schwelprodukte,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das kohlenstoffhaltige Adsorptionsmittel als Brenn­ stoff zum Erzeugen der Prozeßtemperatur und/oder als Reduktionsmittel für die Reduktion von Metallverbindun­ gen, insbesondere von Metalloxiden und/oder als Schwel­ gut zum Erzeugen von CO und H2 zum Anheben des Heizwer­ tes des Schwelgases dient.
1. A process for cleaning carbonization-containing wastes, such as garbage, wood and the like, resulting from carbonization or gasification,
  • - In which the contaminated product gases accumulating behind the smoldering or gasification reactor are passed through at least one layer of particulate, carbon-containing adsorbent on which the smoldering products or the pollutants from the smoldering gas are adsorbed, and
  • - When after the adsorption has been loaded by means of this, if appropriate together with the separated dust, admixed with the product to be smoldered or gasified or separately introduced into the smoldering or gasification reactor in order to be there as a component of the smoldering or gasifying products or to gasify or gasify to become while simultaneously destroying the previously adsorbed smoldering products,
characterized in that the carbon-containing adsorbent serves as fuel for generating the process temperature and / or as a reducing agent for the reduction of metal compounds, in particular metal oxides and / or as a smoldering well for generating CO and H 2 for raising the heating value of the carbonization gas .
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das kohlenstoffhal­ tige Adsorptionsmittel in den Brennraum in der Zone mit der höchsten Temperatur eingeleitet, vorzugsweise ein­ geblasen wird.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the kohlstoffhal term adsorbent in the combustion chamber in the zone with  initiated the highest temperature, preferably a is blown. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das kohlenstoffhal­ tige Adsorptionsmittel mit dem zu entsorgenden Müll oder den Abfällen vermischt wird.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the kohlstoffhal term adsorbent with the waste to be disposed of or mixed with the waste.
DE19829275A 1997-07-01 1998-07-01 Purification of carbonisation gas produced on gasifying waste material Withdrawn DE19829275A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19829275A DE19829275A1 (en) 1997-07-01 1998-07-01 Purification of carbonisation gas produced on gasifying waste material

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DE19829275A DE19829275A1 (en) 1997-07-01 1998-07-01 Purification of carbonisation gas produced on gasifying waste material

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003033623A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-24 Bu Bioenergie & Umwelttechnik Ag Method for the production of current from material containing carbon

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003033623A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-24 Bu Bioenergie & Umwelttechnik Ag Method for the production of current from material containing carbon

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