DE299546C

DE299546C -

Info

Publication number: DE299546C
Application number: DENDAT299546D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein neues. Beheizungsverfahren und dazugehöriger Ofen zur Erzeugung von Leuchtgas in stehenden Retorten oder Kammern im kontinuierlichen Betriebe.The subject of the invention is a new one. Heating method and associated oven for generating luminous gas in standing retorts or chambers in continuous Establishments.

Bei den .bisher bekannten Verfahren für periodischen oder kontinuierlichen Betrieb erfolgte die Beheizung der Retorten an der Breitseite entweder von oben nach unten oderIn the previously known processes for periodic or continuous operation the heating of the retorts on the broad side either from top to bottom or

ίο von unten nach oben. Beide Verfahren haben jedoch insofern ihre Nachteile, als bei dem ersteren die aus dem Meßgefäße oder Bunkei in die Retorte frisch eintretende Kohle sofort der höchsten Temperatur ausgesetzt ist, welche die Kohle erweicht und in einen Brei verwandelt, der den freien Abzug der sich im übrigen Retortenraum entwickelnden Gase erschwert, wenn nicht ganz verhindert. Die durch die hohe Temperatur im oberen Retortenraum zu einem Brei verwandelte Kohle verhindert ferner das regelrechte Np.chrutschen frischer Kohle, so daß der kontinuierliche Be-' trieb in Frage gestellt wird. Außerdem treten auch Verschmierungen der an die Retorte sich anschließenden Rohrleitungen auf, die einmal das glatte Rutschen der Kohle in der Retorte zum Teil oder vollständig unmöglich machen, außerdem aber auch den freien Abzug der entwickelten Gase erschweren.ίο from bottom to top. Both procedures have however, their disadvantages insofar as, in the case of the former, those from the measuring vessel or bunker coal freshly entering the retort is immediately exposed to the highest temperature the coal softens and turns into a pulp, which allows the free withdrawal of the Rest of the retort space developing gases difficult, if not completely prevented. the Coal turned into a pulp by the high temperature in the upper retort chamber furthermore prevents fresh coal from sliding down properly, so that the continuous loading ' instinct is being questioned. In addition, the retort is also smeared subsequent pipelines on which once the smooth sliding of the coal in the Make the retort partially or completely impossible, but also the free withdrawal of the evolved gases make it difficult.

Bei der Beheizung der Retorte von unten nach oben zeigt sich der Ubelstand, daß im unteren Teile des Retortenraumes die höchste¹ Temperatur herrscht, nach oben zu solche aber keinesfalls gleichmäßig und stufenweise abnimmt, demnach also von einer der fraktionierten Destillation der Kohle angepaßten und genügend regulierfähigen Heizung nicht gesprochen werden kann.When heating of the retort from bottom to top, the Ubelstand shows that in the lower part of the retort chamber prevails the highest ¹ Temperature upwardly but by no means uniformly to such and decreases gradually, that is accordingly adapted from one of fractional distillation of coal and regulierfähigen sufficient Heating cannot be spoken of.

Es ist auch schon vorgeschlagen- worden, den Ofenraum durch eine wagerechte Scheidewand in zwei gleiche oder ungleiche Räume, einen oberen und einen unteren, zu teilen. Bei dieser Bauart erfolgte die Beheizung entweder vermittels einer Anzahl in den unteren Ofenraum mündender Brenndüsen derart, daß zunächst dieser Raum von oben nach unten und daran anschließend der obere Ofenraum von unten nach oben beheizt wurde; oder die Führung der Heizgase erfolgte durch besondere vorgesehene Brenndüsen in der Weise, daß der obere Ofenraum von unten nach oben, der untere dagegen von oben nach unten gleichmäßig beheizt wird. Mit beiden Bauarten läßt- sich eine zunächst von oben nach unten ständig fortschreitende Vordestillation, und nach Überschreitung der heißesten Zone anschließende Nachdestillation nicht erzielen, da einmal der schon zum größten Teil ausgegaste Brennstoff mittels der frischen Flamme am stärksten beheizt wird und nach der zweiten Bauart eine viel zu gleichmäßige Beheizung beider Retortenhälften erfolgt.It has also already been suggested to divide the furnace space through a horizontal partition to be divided into two equal or unequal rooms, an upper and a lower one. With this type of construction, heating was carried out either by means of a number in the lower ones Oven space opening burner nozzles in such a way that initially this space from top to bottom and then the upper furnace chamber was heated from bottom to top; or the The heating gases were guided through special burner nozzles in such a way that that the upper furnace chamber from bottom to top, the lower one from top to bottom is heated evenly. With both types, one can initially move from the top to below steadily progressive pre-distillation, and after crossing the hottest zone Subsequent post-distillation cannot be achieved, since most of it has already been outgassed Fuel is heated most strongly by means of the fresh flame and after the second Design, the two halves of the retort are heated much too evenly.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbesserung des Verfahrens und einen Ofen, bei welchem die Beheizung der Retorte von der Mitte oder nahezu der Mitte des Ofenraumes ausgeht, je nachdem der zu vergasende Brennstoff dies erfordert. Entgegen den bekannten Verfahren und öfen wird jedoch nicht zuerst der untere Retortenraum und daran anschließend der obere oder beide gleichmäßig mittels besonderer Brenndüsen beheizt, vielmehr werdenThe invention relates to an improvement of the method and a furnace in which the heating of the retort from the center or goes out almost in the middle of the furnace chamber, depending on the fuel to be gasified this requires. Contrary to the known methods and ovens, however, the lower one does not come first Retort room and then the upper one or both evenly by means of special Burning nozzles are heated, rather

Claims

Air and gas in a special mixing room provided in the horizontal partition wall combined with each other and caused to ignite as they exit the benzenes opening into the upper furnace chamber. The fire gases first brush the broad sides of the upper retort parts in a direct way in the direction from below above, go from there through the in

ίο the bypass duct arranged in the furnace wall the lower retort space, which you can see from above on a vertical, serpentine path Stroke downwards so that it can then be discharged to the recuperator.

This type of heating enables all known furnace systems to direct the distillation of the fuel in such a way that a lively downward pre-distillation takes place in the upper parts and, after the hottest zone is exceeded in the lower part of the retort, a gradual, weaker post-distillation takes place. This is of great importance in continuous operations, in order to carry out a fractional distillation and, on the other hand, to ensure that the fuel to be distilled and freshly fed in continues to slide in a controlled manner.
The drawing shows a furnace for carrying out the method described above, namely shows:

Fig. Ι a retort in view and longitudinal section,

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section in the direction of line AB from FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section along line 1-1 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section in the direction of the line 2-2 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 5 a. Horizontal section in the direction of the line 3-3 of FIG. 2, and

FIG. 6 shows a horizontal section in the direction of the line 4-4 in FIG. 2.

The coal is supplied by a with

♦ 5 intermediate container or measuring cylinder a connected to the upper edge of the retort and which can be sealed against the actual coal bunker. This intermediate container "contains the amount of coal necessary for a two or more hour distillation and delivers this to the retort b to the same extent as the degassed coke is removed from the lower part of the latter.

The retort room c is divided into two rooms by a horizontal partition wall d. In this the arranged for the preheated combustion air duct is β and the Kana \ f provided for the heating gases. The former is connected to a channel e ¹ coming from the recuperator, while; the latter through a channel f ¹ with the Ge; nerator is connected.

The channels β and f are, as indicated by arrows \ , connected to one another by openings

tied, and in the latter the fuel nozzles h, which can be pushed off by offset stones, are arranged. The connection of the ι upper retort space b is ^ by a 'provided in the furnace wall channel g; produced, which opens out just below the partition d in the lower space c. Last! the other receives a number of horizontal or vertical ^; trains on the right i, which force the heating gases to cross the j lower retort space in a serpentine or mixed-lined way. The lowermost train is connected to the recuperator through a channel k and. can be pushed off by setting stones to regulate the heating.

The mode of action is as follows:
The heating gas coming from the generator passes through the channel f ¹ into the channel f located in the partition wall d and mixes there with the preheated combustion air coming from the recuperator, entering channel e and entering through the arrow openings. The gas-air mixture passes through the nozzles h and ignites at the latter. The heating gases pass through the upper retort space c and pass through the channel g provided in the furnace wall into the lower retort space c, which they move from top to bottom, like. indicated by arrows in Fig. 2, crossed out in a serpentine or mixed-line way. The heating gases are discharged from the lower retort chamber through channel k to the recuperator. In order to regulate the heating, the generator gas duct f ^l , the nozzles h, the heating gas discharge in the upper and lower furnace chambers are provided with offset stones, which can be operated through corresponding work openings provided in the furnace walls.
j The heating process described above is primarily suitable for continuous ι operation; but it can also be used with advantage for periodic operation.

J patent claims:

! i. Process for generating luminous

gas in standing retorts or chambers j with uninterrupted gasification, thereby ! . characterized in that for the purpose of achieving a vigorously progressive pre-distillation and . a subsequent, weaker post-distillation, first the upper part of the retort from bottom to top and then the lower part from top to bottom is heated below.

2. To carry out the procedure according to

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Claim ι a gas generating furnace whose | The furnace space is divided into two spaces by a horizontal partition (d) , characterized in that both spaces are connected to one another by a bypass duct (g) provided in the furnace wall in such a way that the heating gases first rise vertically upwards, are then discharged laterally in order to re-enter below the burner section and to cross the lower part of the retort on a serpentine, vertically sloping or mixed-line path from top to bottom.

For this purpose i sheet of drawings.