DE3852005T2 - Vorrichtung zur Gewebezerkleinerung und/oder Hämostase. - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Gewebezerkleinerung und/oder Hämostase.Info
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- DE3852005T2 DE3852005T2 DE3852005T DE3852005T DE3852005T2 DE 3852005 T2 DE3852005 T2 DE 3852005T2 DE 3852005 T DE3852005 T DE 3852005T DE 3852005 T DE3852005 T DE 3852005T DE 3852005 T2 DE3852005 T2 DE 3852005T2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00973—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pedal-operated
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320069—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for ablating tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/32007—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with suction or vacuum means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00077—Electrical conductivity high, i.e. electrically conducting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00589—Coagulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/0091—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
- A61B2018/00916—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
- A61B2018/00958—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device for switching between different working modes of the main function
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
- A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
- A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
- A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
- A61B2217/007—Auxiliary appliance with irrigation system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/014—Application surgical instrument
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Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Geräte zum Zerteilen bzw. Zerkleinern und Absaugen mit Ultraschall, und elektrochirurgischem Koagulieren und elektrochirurgischem Schneiden von Gewebe an der Operationsstelle am Patienten.
- Die Anwendung von mit Ultraschall schwingenden chirurgischen Geräten, die mit signifikanter Präzision und Sicherheit zum Zerkleinern und Entfernen von unerwünschtem Gewebe verwendet werden, führte zur Entwicklung einer Anzahl wertvoller chirurgischer Verfahren, und die Verwendung von Ultraschall-Aspiratoren für die Zerteilung und chirurgische Entfernung von Gewebe aus dem Körper wurde allgemein bekannt. Am Anfang wurde die Technik der chirurgischen Aspiration bzw. Absaugung für die Zerteilung und Entfernung des Gewebes beim grauen Star angewendet, wie es z. B. in US- Patenten Nr. 3 589 363 und 3 693 613 beschrieben ist; der Inhalt dieser Patente und jedes anderen hier genannten Patentes und Dokumentes wird hiermit vollständig als Bezug aufgenommen. Diese Techniken wurden später mit deutlichem Erfolg in der Neurochirurgie und aufanderen chirurgischen Spezialgebieten angewendet, bei denen sich die Anwendung von Ultraschallenergie durch ein kleines von Hand gehaltenes Gerät als denkbar erwiesen hat, um Gewebe auf schichtenweiser Basis selektiv und genau geregelt zu entfernen. Kürzlich wurde ein Ultraschall-Aspirator für die endoskopische Entfernung von dehnbarem biologischem Gewebe bekannt, wie er in der internationalen Veröffentlichung Nr. WO 87/01276 beschrieben ist.
- Bestimmte auf diesem Fachgebiet bekannte Geräte erzeugen charakteristischerweise ständige Schwingungen mit einer im wesentlichen konstanten Amplitude bei einer Frequenz von etwa 20 bis etwa 30 kHz bis zu etwa 40 bis etwa 50 kHz. US- Patent Nr. 3 589 363 beschreibt ein derartiges Gerät, das besonders zur Verwendung bei der Entfernung des grauen Stars gedacht ist, während US-Patent Nr. 4 063 557 ein Gerät beschreibt, das zur Entfernung von weichem Gewebe geeignet ist, und das besonders für die Entfernung von stark dehnbarem elastischem Gewebe gedacht ist, das mit Blut gemischt ist. Diese Geräte arbeiten kontinuierlich, wenn der Chirurg Gewebe zerteilen und entfernen möchte, und werden im allgemeinen durch die Steuerung mit einem Fußschalter betrieben.
- Ein bekanntes Instrument zur Zerteilung von Gewebe mit Ultraschall an der Operationsstelle und anschließenden Absaugung der Gewebepartikel und des Fluids von dieser Stelle ist der Ultraschall-Aspirator CUSA Modell System 200, der von Cavitron Surgical Systems of Stamford, Connecticut, hergestellt und gehandelt wird; siehe auch EP-A-0 261 230. Wenn dessen in Längsrichtung schwingende Metallspitze mit Gewebe in Kontakt gebracht wird, entfernt es sanft, selektiv und exakt Fragmente und entfernt das Gewebe. Einige der Vorteile dieses einzigartigen chirurgischen Instruments bestehen darin, daß es beim Verfahren zur Entfernung eines Tumors nur wenig resultierende Schäden für das gesunde Gewebe gibt, Blutgefäße skelettiert werden können, die Heilung des Gewebes gefördert wird, sich kein Verkohlen oder Zerreißen der Ränder des umgebenden Gewebes ergibt, nur ein minimales Ziehen des gesunden Gewebes auftritt und eine hervorragende fühlbare Rückkopplung zur selektiv gesteuerten Zerteilung des Gewebes und dessen Entfernung bereitgestellt wird.
- Chirurgen, die das chirurgische Ultraschallinstrument CUSA verwenden, wiesen auf den Bedarf nach zusätzlichen und verbesserten Fähigkeiten dieses Instruments hin. Insbesondere forderten sie Einrichtungen bzw. Maßnahmen zur geregelten Durchdringung von kapsulären Membranen ohne Schäden für die Organe, zur exakten und schnellen Entfernung von fasrigen Gewebestrukturen, z. B. bei Verfahren zum Schutz der Schleimhaut (mucosal protectomy procedures) und zur Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit bei der Zerteilung und Entfernung des Gewebes. Bei vielen chirurgischen Verfahren, bei denen Ultraschallinstrumente zur Zerteilung verwendet wurden, waren weitere Instrumente zum Schneiden des Gewebes und zur Hämostase bzw. Blutstillung an der Operationsstelle erforderlich. Die Hämostase ist z. B. bei Exsikkationsverfahren für die Tiefenkoagulation, um große Volumina Gewebe auszutrocknen, und auch bei Fulgurationsverfahren zur Sprühkoagulation notwendig, um die Oberflächen der Gewebe auszutrocknen. Siehe z. B. US-Patent 4 378 801. Oftmals werden ein elektrochirurgischer Stift, der in eine elektrochirurgische Einheit gesteckt wird, zum Schneiden von Gewebe und zur Hämostase und eine Absaugsonde zur Aspiration der Fluide und der herausgetrennten Gewebepartikel verwendet. Da dadurch an einer einzigen Operationsstelle viele chirurgische Werkzeuge erforderlich sind, werden die Gesamtzeit für die Chirurgie verlängert und die Wirksamkeit verringert, da der Chirurg zwischen unterschiedlichen Instrumenten schalten muß. Aufgrund der Zeit, die zum Schalten vom Werkzeug zum Schneiden oder Zerteilen zum Kauterisationsinstrument erforderlich ist, wenn eine Blutung beobachtet wird, gehen ebenfalls unerwünschte Blutmengen verloren.
- Durch das gleichzeitige Halten einer Vielzahl von chirurgischen Geräten an der Operationsstelle wird außerdem das Blickfeld des Chirurgen verringert. Aufgrund der Komplexität dieser Verfahren kann außerdem eine Fehlaktivierung des elektrochirurgischen Stiftes auftreten, wenn dieser nicht in Benutzung ist, wodurch eine Verbrennung des Patienten durch Hochfrequenz verursacht wird, dies steht den Forderungen und Bedürfnissen der Chirurgen entgegen.
- Deshalb stieg der Bedarf nach verbesserten chirurgischen Verfahren und Geräten, die diese Probleme lösen und die oben ausgedrückten Forderungen und Bedürfnisse der Chirurgen erfüllen.
- JP-A-60-227748 beschreibt ein chirurgisches Instrument, in dem ein verschraubter Oszillator vom Langevin-Typ verwendet wird, wodurch ein Ultraschall-Skalpell betätigt wird, und ein Hochfrequenzoszillator verwendet wird, um das gleiche Skalpell als elektrisches Messer zu betreiben. Es wird festgestellt, daß der Ultraschalloszillator und der Hochfrequenzoszillator gleichzeitig betrieben werden und die bekannten Wirkungen erreicht werden, die einerseits für einen Ultraschall-Zerteiler und andererseits für ein elektrisches Skalpell spezifisch sind. Diese Entgegenhaltung beschreibt weder das Schalten einer Hochfrequenzstromeinrichtung zwischen der Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstromart und der Hochfrequenz-Schnittart noch die Zufuhr eines leitenden Fluids zur Operationsstelle.
- EP-A-0282684 wurde nach dem Prioritätsdatum der vorliegenden Anmeldung veröffentlicht und beschreibt ein chirurgisches Instrument, in dem eine Spitze enthalten ist, die durch einen Wandler mit Ultraschall schwingen kann. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit zur Anwendung von Hochfrequenzenergie für die Spitze, damit durch Koagulation eine Blutstillung erreicht wird. In diesem Dokument gibt es keine Beschreibung für das Schalten zwischen der Hochfrequenz- Schnitt- und der -Koagulationsart, wenn der Ultraschall- Wandler arbeitet.
- Die vorliegende Erfindung löst die obengenannten Probleme bei einem chirurgischen Instrument, indem in die schwingbare Spitze eines Instrumentes zum Zerteilen mit Ultraschall die Fähigkeiten zur Hochfrequenz-Koagulation und zum Hochfrequenz-Schneiden aufgenommen werden, so daß das Hochfrequenz-Schneiden und die -Koagulation gleichzeitig mit der Zerteilung durch Ultraschall durchgeführt werden können. Die vorliegende Erfindung sorgt auch für die Zufuhr eines leitenden Fluids zur Operationsstelle. Überraschenderweise werden nicht nur die Fähigkeiten zum Zerteilen und zur Aspiration nicht beeinträchtigt, sondern werden in der Tat verbessert, indem gleichzeitig mit der Ultraschallenergie der Spitze zum Zerteilen und zur Aspiration Hochfrequenzenergie zugeführt wird.
- Durch die vorliegende Erfindung wird folglich eine chirurgische Vorrichtung bereitgestellt, die ein oder mehrere chirurgische Verfahren an der Operationsstelle an einem Patienten durchführen kann, welche umfaßt: ein Handstück, ein Werkzeug, das vom Handstück gehalten wird, wobei dieses Werkzeug eine schwingbare Werkzeugspitze und eine mit Ultraschall schwingende Einrichtung für das Schwingen der Werkzeugspitze mit Ultraschall aufweist, eine Hochfrequenzstromeinrichtung, die so gestaltet ist, daß an der Operationsstelle ein elektrochirurgisches Verfahren durchgeführt wird, während die schwingende Einrichtung an der Operationsstelle Gewebe durch Ultraschall zerteilt, wobei die Spitze eine Endöffnung aufweist und das Werkzeug einen Durchgang durch das Werkzeug hat, der mit der Endöffnung in Verbindung steht, und eine Aspirationseinrichtung für die Anwendung eines Saugdrucks auf den Durchgang durch das Werkzeug, damit Gewebepartikel und Fluid an der Operationsstelle durch die Endöffnung und durch den Durchgang durch das Werkzeug und von der Operationsstelle weggesaugt werden, wobei die Hochfrequenzstrorneinrichtung eine Schalteinrichtung für das Schalten des für die Werkzeugspitze vorgesehenen Hochfrequenzstroms zwischen dem Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstrom und dem Hochfrequenz- Schnittstrom und eine Einrichtung für die Zufuhr eines leitenden Fluids zur Operationsstelle umfaßt.
- Der für den Chirurgen bequem zugängliche Schaltmechanismus ermöglicht es ihm, während der Operation und mit der sich an der Operationsstelle befindenden Instrumentspitze sofort zwischen der Anwendung keiner Funktion oder der gleichzeitigen Anwendung irgendeiner Kombination von Funktionen des Instruments zu schalten, wodurch die Leistungsfähigkeit steigt und die Operationszeit verkürzt wird. Die während der Zerteilung des Gewebes auftretende Blutung wird schneller und besser kontrolliert. Es wird auch für eine kontrollierbare Zufuhr der Irrigations- und Kühlfluide durch das Instrument zur Operationsstelle gesorgt.
- Weitere Aufgaben und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden dem Fachmann, den diese Erfindung betrifft, anhand der vorangegangenen Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen deutlich.
- Fig. 1: zeigt das erfindungsgemäße chirurgische System;
- Fig. 2: ist eine Draufsicht des mittleren Abschnittes des ersten Handstücks des Systems von Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3: ist eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht des vorderen Abschnittes des ersten Handstücks von Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4: ist eine Seitenansicht des vorderen Abschnittes des ersten Handstücks von Fig. 2, die den Hochfrequenzschaltmechanismus dafür schematisch zeigt;
- Fig. 5: ist eine Draufsicht des mittleren Abschnittes eines alternativen zweiten Handstücks des Systems von Fig. 1;
- Fig. 6: ist eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht des vorderen Abschnittes des zweiten Handstücks von Fig. 5;
- Fig. 7: ist eine Seitenansicht des vorderen Abschnittes des zweiten Handstücks von Fig. 5, die den Hochfrequenzschaltmechanismus dafür schematisch zeigt.
- Das erfindungsgemäße chirurgische System ist in Fig. 1 allgemein mit 10 gezeigt, es führt das chirurgische Verfahren an der Operationsstelle 12 am Patienten 14 durch. Das System 10 umfaßt ein Handstück, das allgemein mit 16 dargestellt ist, und das, wie es hier später beschrieben werden wird, an der Operationsstelle 12 die Funktionen der Durchführung der Zerteilung durch Ultraschall, der Aspiration, des elektrochirurgischen Schneidens, der Irrigation mit einem Fluid und der elektrochirurgischen Koagulation oder Hämolyse auf dem Gewebe durchführen kann. Diese Funktionen können entweder getrennt oder gleichzeitig in jeder Kombination durchgeführt werden. Das Handstück 16 kann ein bekanntes Handstück zur Zerteilung mit Ultraschall sein, z. B. das bereits genannte Handstück CUSA, oder das, das in US- Patent 4 063 557 von Wuchinich et al. beschrieben wird, und das so modifiziert wurde, daß es die Funktionen des elektrochirurgischen Schneidens und der Koagulation enthält, wie es später beschrieben wird. Diese Modifikationen können in das Handstück selbst eingebaut oder als Teil einer wegwerfbaren oder austauschbaren Komponente des Handstücks vorgesehen sein, z. B. auf dessen Verteiler bzw. Anschluß oder dessen Nasenkonus.
- Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Handstück 16 umfaßt ein Gehäuse 18, das so bemessen und gestaltet ist, daß es von der Hand des Chirurgen leicht und bequem ergriffen und bedient werden kann. Ein längliches, konisches, mit Ultraschall schwingbares Werkzeug 20 wird vom Gehäuse gehalten, wie es in den Fig. 3 und 6 gezeigt ist, und es ist so in Vorwärtsrichtung angeordnet, daß sich dessen Werkzeugspitze 22 nach vorn in einem Abstand aus dem Gehäuse erstreckt, und es weist an seinem entfernten Ende eine Endöffnung 24 auf. Das Werkzeug 20 ist hohl und definiert einen länglichen Durchgang 26 durch das Werkzeug hindurch.
- Eine Aspirationspumpe, die z. B. im Gehäuse 28 enthalten ist, kann durch die Leitung 29 einen Ansaugdruck auf das benachbarte Ende des Durchgangs 26 anwenden, so daß Gewebepartikel, Blut, Fluide u.ä. an der Operationsstelle 12 von dieser Operationsstelle 12 durch die Endöffnung 24 und durch den Durchgang 26 zur Konsole oder dem Gehäuse 28 und in einen geeigneten Absaugbehälter 29a abgesaugt werden können.
- Eines der Fluide, das von der Operationsstelle abgesaugt werden kann, ist ein Irrigationsfluid in Form einer Kochsalzlösung, das als Teil des chirurgischen Verfahrens vorgesehen ist, damit z. B. vom Handstück 16 ein Suspensionsfluid für die zerteilten Gewebepartikel bereitgestellt wird. Diese Irrigationslösung in Form einer Kochsalzlösung kann auf bekannte Weise durch die Schwerkraft aus einer Flasche oder einem Beutel 30, die oberhalb der Operationsstelle 12 aufgehängt sind, durch die Irrigationsleitung 32 zum und in das Handstück 16 laufen. Sie strömt dann durch den ringförmigen Durchgang 34, der zwischen dem Werkzeug 20 und dem Gehäuse oder dessen vorderer Verteilerposition definiert wird, und anschließend aus dem Gehäuse um die Werkzeugspitze 22 zur Operationsstelle 12. Zusätzlich zur Zufuhr vom Irrigationsfluid zur Operationsstelle 12 kühlt dieses Fluid die schwingende Spitze 22 und Blut, Gewebepartikel und anderes abgesaugtes Material, um zu verhindern, daß das Werkzeug 20 beschädigt wird, und um die Koagulation des Blutes zu verlangsamen. Durch die Befeuchtung des Gewebes wird zu dessen Aspiration beigetragen, und das benachbarte gesunde Gewebe wird vor Schäden geschützt. Wenn die Operationsstelle 12 eine eingeschlossene oder halbeingeschlossene Fläche ist, z. B. das Auge bei Verfahren zur Entfernung des grauen Stars durch Ultraschall, ist es wichtig, daß darin ein Druck innerhalb eines bestimmten Bereiches aufrechterhalten wird, und Strömungsregelungssysteme für die Erhaltung dieses Drucks sind bekannt und können hier verwendet werden. Siehe z. B. US-Patent 3 693 613. Die Kontrolle der Zufuhr des Irrigationsfluids und der Anwendung des Absaugdrucks für die Aspiration und der Ultraschallenergie können durch einen Fußschalter erfolgen, der dem Chirurgen leicht zugänglich ist, wie es auf diesem Fachgebiet bekannt ist.
- Das Werkzeug 20 wird von einem Resonanzschwingungssystem, das allgemein die Bezugsziffer 38 trägt und im Handstück 16 befestigt ist, zu einer Ultraschallschwingung veranlaßt. Dieses System 38 umfaßt einen Wandler, z. B. eine magnetostriktive Baugruppe bzw. einen magnetostriktiven Stack, wie es in US Re 25 033 beschrieben ist, und einen mechanischen Ultraschall-Transformator, damit der vom Wandler erzeugte Ausschlag geändert wird. Das Werkzeug 20 selbst umfaßt einen im wesentlichen einheitlichen Körper mit einem mit Außengewinde versehenen Ende, das so gestaltet ist, daß es nach Bedarf ersetzt und an das Verbindungsteil des Schwingungssystems 38 angebracht werden kann. Das Schwingungssystem 38 bewirkt, daß die Spitze 22 durch Ultraschall mit einem Ausschlag von mehr als 0,001 inch und vorzugsweise 0,014 inch und in einem Frequenzbereich von 20 bis 50 kHz und vorzugsweise 23 bis 37 kHz schwingt.
- Die elektrochirurgische Einheit (ESU), z. B. eine freistehende Einheit für das Krankenhaus, die allgemein mit 40 gezeigt ist, oder die in US-Patenten 3 898 991, 3 963 030 und 4 051 855 beschrieben ist, liefert die Hochfrequenzenergie für das Handstück 16. Es liegt ebenfalls im Schutzumfang dieser Erfindung, daß die elektrochirurgische Einheit 40 im Gehäuse 28 zusammen mit der Aspiratorpumpe in einer einzigen vorzugsweise tragbaren Einheit gestaltet und montiert wird. Die ESU 40 erzeugt die Hochfrequenzenergie, und ein Kauterisierkabel 42 ist an einem Ende wirksam mit dem Handstück 16 verbunden und weist am anderen Ende einen Stecker 44 auf, der in die funktionale Buchse 46 des Handschalters der ESU 40 eingesteckt wird, so daß dem Handstück 16 Hochfrequenzenergie zugeführt wird. Ein Schalteraufbau, der so angeordnet ist, daß er vom Chirurgen bequem betätigt werden kann, wenn er mit dem Handstück 16 umgeht, ermöglicht es ihm, die Zufuhr der Hochfrequenzenergie aus der ESU 40 zum Werkzeug 20 zu steuern. Dieser Schalteraufbau kann es dem Chirurgen erlauben, zwischen "keine" Hochfrequenzenergie, Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsenergie, Hochfrequenz-Schnittenergie auszuwählen oder die Koagulations- und Schnittenergiesignale gleichzeitig zu mischen. Die Ströme für das Hochfrequenz-Schneiden und die -Koagulation unterscheiden sich und werden als reine Sinuswelle bzw. gedämpfte Sinuswelle definiert. Der Schalteraufbau kann ein Fußschalter oder ein Handschalter sein, und wenn es ein Handschalter ist, der am Handstück 16 befestigt werden kann, muß er für die Hand des Chirurgen (Zeigefinger) zugänglich und davon bedienbar sein, wenn er das Handstück 16 hält und damit umgeht. Der Handschalter des Handstücks kann einstückig mit dem Handstück 16 ausgebildet oder darin eingebaut sein, so daß er vollständig wiederverwendbar ist, oder er kann eine abtrennbare und austauschbare Einheit sein, z. B. ein Zusatzschalteraufbau, oder er kann für den abtrennbaren Verteiler des Handstücks sein; dieser Verteiler kann ebenfalls einen Abschnitt des Durchgangs für das Irrigationsfluid umfassen. Unterschiedliche Konfigurationen des Verteilers sind z. B. in WO-A-8706530 gezeigt. Es können viele Gestaltungen des Schalters verwendet werden, z. B. ein Druckknopf, Kipp- oder Gleitkonstruktionen. Die erste bevorzugte Konstruktion des Schalteraufbaus ist in den Zeichnungen der Fig. 2 bis 3 allgemein mit 50 dargestellt. Sie kann ein Druckknopf, ein einpoliger bzw. unipolarer doppelter (SPDT) Arbeitsschalter sein, wie er in Fig. 4 schematisch gezeigt ist, der das Umtasten der Arten "Schnitt" oder "Koag." des Hochfrequenzstroms von der ESU 40 ermöglicht. Nach der Wahl als Anschluß für die Art "Schnitt" oder die Art "Koag." der Kuppelschalter 52 bzw. 54 muß der Hochfrequenzstrom durch die Leiterplatte 56 aus der ESU 40 durch die Schnittstelle oder das Kauterisierkabel 42 zum Metallschaltschütz 58, durch das elektrische Verbindungsstück zur Spitze fließen. Eine alternative Steuerung/Zufuhr der Hochfrequenzenergie wäre die Bereitstellung eines einzelnen Druckknopfes (Mischen) auf dem Handstück und die Kontrolle durch eine einzelne kontinuierlich änderbare Kontrolleichung auf seiner unteren Begrenzung, so daß auf seiner oberen Begrenzung geschnitten und koaguliert wird.
- Die erste Ausführungsform des elektrischen Verbindungsstücks ist ein akustischer Vibrator aus Metall, der eine laminierte Struktur einer Nickellegierung enthält und in Fig. 3 mit 38 dargestellt ist. Eine zweite Ausführungsform des elektrischen Verbindungsstücks 59 besteht in der Verwendung eines leitenden Fluidmediums, z. B. die Irrigationslösung in Form der Kochsalzlösung des Irrigationssystems, die für den normalen Betrieb dieses Systems erforderlich ist. Dieses leitende Medium umgibt die Spitze 22 direkt und kann auch für den elektrischen Kontakt zwischen dem Metallschaltschütz 58 und der Spitze sorgen, wie es in den Fig. 5 bis 7 gezeigt ist. Dieser elektrische Fluidweg der Kochsalzlösung beeinflußt die mechanische Belastung des akustisch schwingenden Teils im Handstück 16 nicht, wie es bei der ersten Ausführungsform der Fall ist.
- Zur Vervollständigung des elektrischen Hochfrequenzkreises ist ein Dispersions-Erdungskissen 60 vorgesehen, wie es in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, das auf dem Patienten 14 angeordnet wird. Siehe US-Patent 4 038 984. Ein Kabel 62, das an einem Ende mit dem Kissen verbunden ist und am anderen Ende einen Stecker 64 aufweist (siehe auch Fig. 4 und 7), verbindet das Kissen mit der ESU 40, wenn der Stecker 64 in deren Dispersionselektrodenbuchse 66 eingesteckt ist. Damit die elektrochirurgischen Merkmale dieser Erfindung geeignet und auf herkömmliche Weise wirken, fließt der Hochfrequenzstrom aus der Spitze 22 durch den Patienten 14 zum Erdungskissen und zurück zur ESU 40, wodurch der elektrische Kreis vervollständigt ist.
- Beim ersten Nachweis einer Blutung beim Verfahren der Zerteilung des Gewebes durch Ultraschall kann das beschädigte Blutgefäß somit nahezu sofort durch eine kurze Betätigung (flick) des Schalters kauterisiert werden. Dieses System ermöglicht in der Kauterisierart außerdem die direkte Anwendung der Kauterisation durch die Ultraschallspitze 22, so daß Blutungen in ähnlicher Weise wie bei üblichen neurochirurgischen Verfahren verätzt werden. Das Brennen der Spitze 22, das Verkohlen von Gewebe und das Verstopfen der Aspirationsspitze 22 stellen bei diesen Gestaltungen keine Probleme dar.
- Versuche haben die Effektivität dieses chirurgischen Systems 10 bestätigt. Bei einem Verfahren mit mäßiger Koagulation wurde die Koagulation bei viel geringerer Gewebeverkohlung gesteuert, als es bei elektrochirurgischen Standardverfahren auftritt. Bei einem Kombinationsverfahren aus Zerteilung und Koagulation durch Ultraschall wurden ebenfalls eine verbesserte Zerteilung und eine geregelte Blutstillung beobachtet. Bei einem Kombinationsverfahren aus Zerteilung durch Ultraschall und elektrochirurgischem Schneiden wurden eine verbesserte Zerteilung und ein geregeltes Schneiden beobachtet. Und bei einem elektrochirurgischen Verfahren aus Zerteilen durch Ultraschall und Mischen (Schneiden und Koagulation) ergab sich eine verbesserte chirurgische Leistungsfähigkeit gegenüber jeder einzelnen Art, und die grundsätzlichen chirurgischen Eigenschaften eines chirurgischen Aspirationsgerätes mit Ultraschall blieben noch erhalten. Durch die Zufuhr von Hochfrequenzenergie zur schwingenden Spitze nahm nicht nur die Geschwindigkeit der Entfernung des Gewebes deutlich zu, sondern im gleichen chirurgischen Instrument sind die Gewebeselektivität und eine fühlbare Rückkopplung vorgesehen. Durch Minimierung der Anzahl der Einrichtungen an der Operationsstelle bleibt die Sicht im Operationsbereich erhalten und die Sicherheit nimmt beim Verfahren zu.
- Diese Vorrichtung kann bei einem Verfahren zur Durchführung der Blutstillung an der Operationsstelle eines Patienten verwendet werden, welches umfaßt:
- Anwendung von Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstrom für die Spitze eines chirurgischen Aspirationsinstrumentes mit Ultraschall, Anordnen der Spitze der Elektrode an der Operationsstelle und anschließende Handhabung der Spitze an der Operationsstelle je nach Bedarf, wenn der Hochfrequenz- Koagulationsstrom der Operationsstelle durch die Spitze zugeführt wird.
- Der Schritt der Anordnung kann vor oder nach dem Anwendungsschritt erfolgen.
- Eine Dispersionselektrode wird im allgemeinen am Patienten angebracht, so daß sie einen Teil des elektrischen Kreises mit der Hochfrequenzstromquelle bildet.
- Die Zerteilung des Gewebes durch Ultraschall erfolgt an der Operationsstelle mit der Spitze des Instrumentes, wobei der Operationsstelle der Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstrom durch die Spitze zugeführt wird. Das Schalten des Instrumentes zwischen der Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsart und der Hochfrequenz-Schnittart kann durchgeführt werden, wobei die Spitze an der Operationsstelle angeordnet ist. Alternativ kann während des Schrittes des Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstroms der Spitze Hochfrequenz-Schnittstrom zugeführt werden, und der erzeugte Mischungsstrom wird der Operationsstelle zugeführt. Ein Irrigationsfluid wird der Operationsstelle im allgemeinen neben der Spitze durch eine Fluidleitung zugeführt, die vom Handstück gehalten wird.
- Das Verfahren umfaßt die Zufuhr von Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstrom durch die Spitze beim Exsikkationsverfahren zur Tiefenkoagulation, womit große Volumina des Gewebes ausgetrocknet werden. Das Verfahren kann die Zufuhr von Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstrom durch die Spitze beim Fulgurationsverfahren für die Sprühkoagulation umfassen, damit die Oberfläche des Gewebes ausgetrocknet wird.
- Somit wird ein Verfahren zum elektrochirurgischen Schneiden von Gewebe an der Operationsstelle am Patienten bereitgestellt, welches umfaßt: Anwendung von Hochfrequenz-Schnittstrom für die Spitze eines Ultraschall-Aspirationsinstrumentes, Anordnen der Spitze an der Operationsstelle und anschließende Manipulation der Spitze an der Spitze je nach Bedarf, wenn der Operationsstelle Hochfrequenz-Schnittstrom zugeführt wird, so daß das Schnittverfahren des Gewebes durchgeführt wird.
- Die Erfindung kann durch andere spezifische Formen verkörpert werden, ohne daß von ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen abgewichen wird. Die erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen werden folglich in jeder Hinsicht als illustrativ angesehen, wobei der Schutzumfang dieser Erfindung eher durch die Ansprüche statt durch die vorangegangene Beschreibung aufgezeigt wird, und alle Veränderungen, die im Sinne und im Bereich von Äquivalenten der Ansprüche liegen, deshalb davon erfaßt werden sollen.
Claims (11)
1. Chirurgische Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von einem
oder mehreren chirurgischen Verfahren an der
Operationsstelle bei einem Patienten, welche umfaßt: ein
Handstück (16), ein Werkzeug (20), das vom Handstück
gehalten wird, wobei dieses Werkzeug eine schwingbare
Werkzeugspitze (22) und eine mit, Ultraschall
schwingende Einrichtung (38) für das Schwingen der
Werkzeugspitze mit Ultraschall aufweist, eine
Hochfrequenzstromeinrichtung (40), die so gestaltet ist, daß sie
der Werkzeugspitze Hochfrequenzstrom zuführt, damit
damit an der Operationsstelle (12) ein
elektrochirurgisches Verfahren durchgeführt wird, während die
schwingende Einrichtung an der Operationsstelle Gewebe
durch Ultraschall zerteilt, wobei die Spitze eine
Endöffnung aufweist und das Werkzeug einen Durchgang (26)
durch das Werkzeug hat, der mit der Endöffnung in
Verbindung steht, und eine Aspirationseinrichtung (28)
für die Anwendung eines Saugdrucks auf den Durchgang
durch das Werkzeug, damit Gewebepartikel und Fluid an
der Operationsstelle durch die Endöffnung und durch den
Durchgang durch das Werkzeug und von der
Operationsstelle weggesaugt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Hochfrequenzstromeinrichtung eine Schalteinrichtung
(50) für das Schalten des für die Werkzeugspitze
vorgesehenen Hochfrequenzstroms zwischen dem Hochfrequenz-
Koagulationsstrom und dem Hochfrequenz-Schnittstrom und
eine Einrichtung für die Zufuhr eines leitenden Fluids
zur Operationsstelle umfaßt, umfassend einen Durchgang
(34) für das leitende Fluid, wodurch das leitende
Fluid, das in diesem Durchgang für das Fluid strömt,
die Hochfrequenzenergie zur Spitze leitet.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei dieser Durchgang für
das Fluid die Spitze umgibt.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die
Schalteinrichtung einen Verteiler, der so gestaltet ist, daß
er am Handstück angebracht wird, und einen
Schalteraufbau (50) umfaßt, der mit dem Verteiler verbunden und
damit beweglich ist, wenn der Verteiler am Handstück
angebracht oder der Verteiler davon entfernt wird.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Schalteraufbau
einstückig mit dem Verteiler ausgebildet ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die
Schalteinrichtung einen Nasenkonus, der auf das Handstück paßt und
daran angebracht ist, einen Schalter, der am Nasenkonus
angebracht ist, und eine Kabeleinrichtung (42) umfaßt,
damit der Schalter wirksam mit der elektrochirurgischen
Einheit verbunden wird.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die
Schalteinrichtung eine Befestigungseinrichtung zum Anbringen des
Nasenkonus am Handstück umfaßt.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
wobei der Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsstrom etwa 500 kHz und
der Hochfrequenz-Schnittstrom etwa 500 kHz betragen.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
wobei der Hochfrequenz-Schnitt- und -Koagulationsstrom
verschieden sind und als reine Sinuswelle bzw.
gedämpfte Sinuswelle definiert werden.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, die
eine Irrigationseinrichtung aufweist, die mit dem
Handstück verbunden ist, damit das leitende Fluid der
Operationsstelle zugeführt wird, wobei diese
Irrigationseinrichtung den Durchgang für das leitende Fluid
umfaßt, von dem mindestens ein Teil vom Handstück
gehalten wird, und der Durchgang neben der Spitze eine
Auslaßöffnung des Durchgangs aufweist.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
wobei die mit Ultraschall schwingende Einrichtung einen
magnetostriktiven Stack und einen mechanischen
Ultraschall-Transformator umfaßt, damit der vom Stack
verursachte Ausschlag geändert wird, wobei dieser Stack
mit der Werkzeugspitze verbunden ist.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
wobei die Hochfrequenzstromeinrichtung eine elektrische
Filtereinrichtung umfaßt, um eine Funktionsstörung der
logischen Kontrollen der Vorrichtung zu verhindern,
wenn die Kopplungseinrichtung die Werkzeugspitze mit
der elektrochirurgischen Einheit koppelt und die
elektrochirurgische Einheit betätigt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/103,022 US4931047A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | Method and apparatus for providing enhanced tissue fragmentation and/or hemostasis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3852005D1 DE3852005D1 (de) | 1994-12-08 |
| DE3852005T2 true DE3852005T2 (de) | 1995-03-09 |
Family
ID=22292948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3852005T Expired - Lifetime DE3852005T2 (de) | 1987-09-30 | 1988-09-30 | Vorrichtung zur Gewebezerkleinerung und/oder Hämostase. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4931047A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0310431B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH0642893B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE113457T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU616699B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1323665C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3852005T2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK261589A (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2064360T3 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI892607A7 (de) |
| IE (1) | IE67810B1 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL87857A0 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO300755B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1989002725A1 (de) |
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| US4063557A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1977-12-20 | Cavitron Corporation | Ultrasonic aspirator |
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-
1987
- 1987-09-30 US US07/103,022 patent/US4931047A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 IL IL87857A patent/IL87857A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-29 JP JP63508237A patent/JPH0642893B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-29 IE IE294188A patent/IE67810B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-29 AU AU25382/88A patent/AU616699B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-29 WO PCT/US1988/003349 patent/WO1989002725A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-29 CA CA000578785A patent/CA1323665C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-30 DE DE3852005T patent/DE3852005T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-30 EP EP88309125A patent/EP0310431B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-30 ES ES88309125T patent/ES2064360T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-30 AT AT88309125T patent/ATE113457T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-05-25 NO NO892096A patent/NO300755B1/no unknown
- 1989-05-29 FI FI892607A patent/FI892607A7/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-29 DK DK261589A patent/DK261589A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI892607A0 (fi) | 1989-05-29 |
| ES2064360T3 (es) | 1995-02-01 |
| IE67810B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
| DK261589D0 (da) | 1989-05-29 |
| NO892096D0 (no) | 1989-05-25 |
| US4931047A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
| EP0310431A2 (de) | 1989-04-05 |
| NO892096L (no) | 1989-05-25 |
| EP0310431B1 (de) | 1994-11-02 |
| ATE113457T1 (de) | 1994-11-15 |
| FI892607A7 (fi) | 1989-05-29 |
| CA1323665C (en) | 1993-10-26 |
| DK261589A (da) | 1989-05-29 |
| JPH0642893B2 (ja) | 1994-06-08 |
| IL87857A0 (en) | 1989-03-31 |
| IE882941L (en) | 1989-03-30 |
| NO300755B1 (no) | 1997-07-21 |
| DE3852005D1 (de) | 1994-12-08 |
| AU2538288A (en) | 1989-04-18 |
| WO1989002725A1 (en) | 1989-04-06 |
| JPH02501894A (ja) | 1990-06-28 |
| AU616699B2 (en) | 1991-11-07 |
| EP0310431A3 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
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| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: SHERWOOD SERVICES AG, SCHAFFHAUSEN, CH |
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| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: COVIDIEN AG, NEUHAUSEN AM RHEINFALL, CH |