DE663C

DE663C - Electric lamp

Info

Publication number: DE663C
Application number: DE663DA
Authority: DE
Original assignee: P Jablochkoff Ingenieur
Current assignee: P Jablochkoff Ingenieur
Priority date: 1877-08-14
Filing date: 1877-08-14
Publication date: 1900-01-01

Description

PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING

1877.1877.

Klasse 21.Class 21.

PAUL JABLOCHKOFF in PARIS. Elektrische Lampe.PAUL JABLOCHKOFF in PARIS. Electric lamp.

Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 14. August 1877 ab. Längste Dauer: 26. November 1891.Patented in the German Empire on August 14, 1877. Longest duration: November 26, 1891.

Das Ziel, welches sich der Erfinder der vorliegenden elektrischen Lampe gestellt hat, ist die vollständige Beseitigung des in den gewöhnlichen elektrischen Lampen allgemein zur Anwendung kommenden Regulator - Mechanismus. Anstatt die automatische Annäherung der Kohlenspitzen je nach Mafsgabe ihrer Verbrennung auf mechanische Weise zu bewirken, hat er die Idee gehabt, sie parallel in einer kleinen Entfernung von einander zu befestigen und sie durch eine isolirende Substanz zu trennen, welche in derselben Zeit wie die Kohle verzehrt wird.The goal set by the inventor of the present electric lamp is the complete elimination of what is commonly used in ordinary electric lamps coming regulator mechanism. Instead of the automatic approach of the coal tips depending on their combustion To effect a mechanical way, he had the idea of keeping them parallel at a small distance to fasten them together, and to separate them by an insulating substance, which consumes in the same time as the coal will.

Als isolirende Substanz kann man anwenden: Kaolin, Glas, Mörtel etc., doch sind den festen Körpern die in mehr oder weniger feiner Pulverform vorzuziehen und zwar Mischungen aus erdigen, alkalinisch-erdigen oder kieseligen Substanzen mit einem Worte, aus Körpern, welche im höchsten Grade für unschmelzbar gelten. Dieses Pulver wird um die Kohlenstäbe geschichtet, welche in einer geschlossenen Hülse, eineY Art Patrone von Asbestpapier oder Asbestpappe angebracht sind.The following can be used as insulating substances: kaolin, glass, mortar, etc., but are solid bodies which are preferable in more or less fine powder form, namely mixtures of earthy, alkaline-earthy or siliceous substances in a word, from bodies which are im are considered to be infusible at the highest level. This powder is layered around the carbon rods, which in a closed sleeve, a type of cartridge made of asbestos paper or asbestos cardboard are appropriate.

Sobald man den elektrischen Strom darauf eintreten läfst, wird der überspringende Volta'sche Bogen die Kohlen, das Pulver und die Wandungen der Hülse verbrennen. Die den Kohlenspitzen am nächsten befindliche Isolirungsschicht schmilzt, verflüchtigt sich und entblöfst langsam die Kohle, genau ebenso, wie das Wachs einer Kerze nach und nach seinen Docht in dem Mafse bloslegt, als die Verbrennung von oben nach unten fortschreitet. Diese Lampe ist daher eine wirkliche elektrische Kerze, welche vor den bisher bekannten Apparaten den Vorzug hat, eine Flamme von einer gewissen Ausdehnung, anstatt nur einen Lichtpunkt zu geben.As soon as the electric current is allowed to enter it, it becomes the leaping voltaic Arch burn the coals, the powder and the walls of the case. The coal tips the closest insulating layer melts, evaporates and slowly exposes the coal, just as the wax of a candle gradually exposes its wick in the measure, as the combustion progresses from top to bottom. This lamp is therefore a real one electric candle, which has the advantage over the previously known devices, a Flame of a certain extent instead of just giving a point of light.

Wenn man der isolirenden Masse Graphit beimengt, so erzielt man einen aufsergewöhnlichen Glanz. Die Verbrennung des isolirenden Körpers gestaltet es sogar, die Farbe des erhaltenen Lichts zu modificiren; es genügt für diesen Zweck, in die Compositionsmasse eine Kleinigkeit von jenen metallischen Salzen einzuführen, welche bei der Kunstfeuerwerkerei Anwendung finden. Die Natronsalze, welche gelbe Flammen geben, gewähren besonders die Möglichkeit, die Wirkung der blauen und violecen Strahlen, welche das elektrische Licht im Uebermafs enthält, auszugleichen.If graphite is added to the insulating material, an extraordinary one is obtained Shine. The burning of the insulating body even shapes it, the color of the to modify received light; it is sufficient for this purpose to insert a To introduce trifles of those metallic salts that are used in art fireworks Find application. The sodium salts, which give yellow flames, grant especially that Possibility of the effect of the blue and violecen rays, which the electric light contains in excess to compensate.

Um von der beschriebenen Kerze Gebrauch zu machen, befestigt man sie in einem Träger, auf welchen die Elektroden der Elektricitäts quelle auslaufen, und welcher eine Art von Leuchter bildet, den man handhaben und bequem transportiren kann. Das elektrische Licht wird dadurch tragbar gemacht; ein Resultat, was mit den, mit Regulator versehenen gewöhnlichen Lampen nicht zu erreichen ist.To make use of the candle described, it is attached to a carrier, on which the electrodes of the electricity source run out, and what kind of Forms candlesticks that can be handled and easily transported. The electric light will thereby made portable; a result, what with the, with regulator provided ordinary Lamps cannot be reached.

Der vom Erfinder vorzugsweise gewählte Kerzentypus ist auf beiliegender Zeichnung in Fig. 1 im Verticalschnitt und in Fig. 2 und 3 im Querschnitt dargestellt. Fig. 4 ist ein Verticalschnitt und Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht desLeuchters mit Kerze. Die anderen Fig. 6, 7, 8 und 9 sind Querschnitte von einigen Kerzentypen, welche von dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten durch die Disposition der Kohlenstäbchen mit Bezug auf die isolirende Masse abweichen, die bei denselben als fester Körper gedacht ist. In Fig. 7 ist die Kerze von einem Rohr in Leuchterform umgeben. Die Stäbchen α und b von Retortenoder anderer Kohle haben eine prismatische Form und sind an ihren oberen Enden mit Spitzen versehen. Man giebt ihnen einen ungleichen Querschnitt; den gröfseren hat das Stäbchen, welches den positiven Strom empfängt und sich schneller abnutzt als das andere. Eine der vom Erfinder mit Erfolg angewendeten isolirenden Mischungen besteht aus einen Theil Kalk, vier Theilen Sand und zwei Theilen Talk; diese Materialien werden innig mit einander gemischt, so dafs sie ein recht homogenes Pulver bilden. Nachdem man mit demselben die Hülse bis zum Rande ausgefüllt hat, verschliefst man sie mit einem Kitt von kieselsaurem Kali.The type of candle preferred by the inventor is shown in the accompanying drawing in FIG. 1 in vertical section and in FIGS. 2 and 3 in cross section. Fig. 4 is a vertical section and Fig. 5 is a side view of the chandelier with candle. The other Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are cross-sections of some types of candles which differ from that shown in Fig. 1 by the disposition of the carbon rods with respect to the insulating mass, which in them is intended to be a solid body. In Fig. 7 the candle is surrounded by a tube in the shape of a candlestick. The rods α and b of retort or other carbon have a prismatic shape and are pointed at their upper ends. They are given an unequal cross-section; The larger one is the rod, which receives the positive current and wears out faster than the other. One of the insulating mixtures used with success by the inventor consists of one part lime, four parts sand, and two parts talc; these materials are intimately mixed with one another, so that they form a fairly homogeneous powder. After the sleeve has been filled to the brim with it, it is sealed with a putty of siliceous potash.

Um das Einleiten des Stromes in die Stäbchen α und b zu erleichtern, pafst der Erfinder die letzteren in Scheiden d und /, aus Kupfer oder aus einem anderen gut leitenden Metalle, ein. Diese Scheiden, durch einen Streifen Asbestpappe g. von einander isolirt, werden zwischen den Armen h und j einer Zange festgehalten, welche Arme man vermittelst derIn order to facilitate the introduction of the current into the rods α and b , the inventor fits the latter in sheaths d and /, made of copper or another highly conductive metal. These scabbards, through a strip of asbestos cardboard g. isolated from each other, they are held between the arms h and j of a pair of pliers, which arms are used by means of the

Claims

Remove screws k and / parallel from each other, or can approach each other. These pliers, also made of copper, are placed on a foot of wood or some other insulating material. The foot m carries the clamping screws p and n, to which the ends of the positive and negative electrodes are attached, which respectively. communicate with the arms h and j and consequently also with the rods α and b. A ring r can be adapted to the candlestick produced in this way by means of the brackets q q, as a support for a bell made of milk glass or other material to reduce the dazzling effect of the electric light. The inventor does not limit himself to this disposition of the chandelier, which can be changed as required according to the applications that one wants to make of the light. A charcoal stick is used to light the candle, which is held in one hand by means of an insulating handle and which is placed at the same time on the two tips of the coals at the moment when the electric current is let through; as soon as the candle burns, the stick is withdrawn. Under the action of the glow of the coal, the powder of the insulating mass melts, and forms a droplet, which forms a more convenient path for the particles of coal carried away than the layer of air which separated the coal tips of the earlier regulators. A consequence of this relief, which is created for the jumping over of the electric spark, is the divisibility of electric light, a problem whose practical solution the inventor first gave. In fact, several of these candles can be placed on one and the same circuit, which is fed by a single source of electricity. You can z. B. divide the intense light with a strength of a hundred burners, which in the use of the usual regulators had hitherto been compelled to shine on a single voltaic arc, into several sources of light. In this case a dusty ignition powder can be sprinkled on the surface of each candle to light the entire ring of lights at once, through the current itself, by turning the knob of a commutator. In order to counter the inconvenience that the current in the general circuit is interrupted by the extinguishing of one of the candles, each candle can be connected to an auxiliary battery, the two wires of which are attached to the base of each lamp, or the current can be taken from the main source . The inventor reserves the right to replace the solid carbon rods with hollow or tubular rods made of any conductive material, e.g. B. made of metal or graphite, and fill the same with a mass similar to that of the Isolirung, z. B. with a mixture of pebbly or earthy substances or with coal powder. As soon as the current enters the candle, the insulating mass of the hollow rods as well as the mass inside them melt. The molten drop takes up the whole cross-section of the case and produces a beautiful, even flame, to which the coal dust gives a splendid shine. One can nourish this flame by means of a regular influx of siliceous substances, which fall from a kind of scatter box onto the seat of the started combustion. Patent claims: The electric lamp explained by drawing and description in its composition and mode of operation in all its modifications, in particular:

1. The principle of the regular and continuous Formation of the voltaic arc without the aid of any mechanical device for the approach of the coals. Latter are placed one next to the other, separated and at a suitable distance from one another held by an insulating substance which is burned at the same time as the coal.

2. The use of solid bodies, such as kaolin or other ceramic compositions, which are difficult to melt, including the elements of glass, porcelain, mortar, etc. as an insulating substance, but preferably the use of powder from an earthy, alkaline-earthy, pebbly etc. mixture.

3. The types of candles specified above

and chiefly the type which consists of two coals in one Sleeve made of asbestos paper or asbestos cardboard enclosed and separated from each other and the sleeve by an insulating powder are, which the latter is composed as described above.

4. The construction of a candlestick, Avelche, described and illustrated by figures can vary depending on the application.

5. The disposition of several candlesticks or candles of the system to provide the electric light divided into several foci of comparatively low intensity.

6. The method of lighting described, which allows with a single source of electricity to set fire to all elements of the same system.

7. The introduction of graphite into the insulating body to make the flames shine and of coloring metallic salts to vary the color of the flame.

8. The application of the described candle lamp in all forms for the enlightenment of Apartment rooms, buildings, public roads, railways, steam ships, etc.

The main thing is as described.

1 sheet of drawings.