DK145202B - WORKS OF INVOLVED COMBINED WALLS - Google Patents

WORKS OF INVOLVED COMBINED WALLS Download PDF

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Publication number
DK145202B
DK145202B DK236580AA DK236580A DK145202B DK 145202 B DK145202 B DK 145202B DK 236580A A DK236580A A DK 236580AA DK 236580 A DK236580 A DK 236580A DK 145202 B DK145202 B DK 145202B
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
stones
stone
locking element
locking
recesses
Prior art date
Application number
DK236580AA
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Danish (da)
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DK145202C (en
DK236580A (en
Inventor
J Aa Berntsen
P E Henriksen
Original Assignee
Faerdigbeton Aalborg A S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faerdigbeton Aalborg A S filed Critical Faerdigbeton Aalborg A S
Priority to DK236580A priority Critical patent/DK145202C/en
Priority to NO811833A priority patent/NO811833L/en
Priority to SE8103436A priority patent/SE8103436L/en
Priority to DE19813122440 priority patent/DE3122440A1/en
Publication of DK236580A publication Critical patent/DK236580A/en
Publication of DK145202B publication Critical patent/DK145202B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK145202C publication Critical patent/DK145202C/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Description

145202145202

Opfindelsen angår et murværk bestående af mursten, der er indbyrdes sammenholdt af låseelementer, idet der i stenenes endeflader er gennemgående lodrette noter samt udsparinger i stenenes over- eller underside udformet 5 således, at et låseelement griber ind i noten i to op til hinanden stødende sten samt op eller ned i udsparingerne i under- henholdsvis oversiden af ovenover eller nedenunder liggende sten.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a masonry consisting of bricks which are interconnected by locking members, with vertical grooves in the end faces of the stones and recesses in the upper or lower side of the stones formed 5 such that a locking element engages the groove in two adjacent stones. and up or down in the recesses in the top or bottom of the stones lying below and below, respectively.

Fra norsk patentskrift nr. 92 619 og amerikansk patent-10 skrift nr. 2 392 551 er der kendt en sten af ovennævnte art, hvor noten og låseelementet er udført som en svalehale-forbindelse eller tilsvarende, hvor det er den i forbindelsen skabte tilspændingskraft, der skal fastlåse stenene indbyrdes. De i dag gængse mursten som teglsten, 15 cementsten, porebetonsten besidder kun lave trækspændinger og er ude af stand til at optage de store trækspændinger, som er ti-lsigtet i disse svalehale-forbindelser. Forbindelsen kræver desuden så stor nøjagtighed i udformningen, at de vanskeligt, om ikke umuligt, lader sig ud-20 føre med de gængse materialer som beton og tegl. Desuden påføres forbindelserne store spændinger ved, at stenene arbejder i det skiftende vejrlig, det være sig termiske dimensionsforandringer ved skiftende temperaturer eller frostsprængninger som følge af indtrængende vand i fu-25 gerne.From Norwegian Patent No. 92,619 and U.S. Pat. the stones must be interlocked. The current bricks such as bricks, 15 cement bricks, pore concrete have only low tensile stresses and are unable to absorb the large tensile stresses tenfold in these dovetail connections. Furthermore, the connection requires such precision in design that it is difficult, if not impossible, to be carried out with the usual materials such as concrete and brick. In addition, the compounds are subjected to great stress by the stones operating in the changing weather, be it thermal dimensional changes at changing temperatures or freezing bursts as a result of penetrating water in the fuels.

Under håndteringen af stenene beskadiges noterne let, og selv den mindste beskadigelse kan gøre stenene ubrugelige, eller man skal bruge magt for at tvinge låseelementerne på plads.While handling the stones, the notes are easily damaged, and even the slightest damage can render the stones useless, or you have to use force to force the locking elements into place.

30 Formålet med opfindelsen er at angive sten af den indledningsvis angivne art med en sådan udformning af noter og låseelementerne, at der ikke forekommer trækspændin- 145202 2 ger i samlingerne.The object of the invention is to provide stones of the type initially indicated with such a design of notes and the locking elements that no tensile stresses are present in the joints.

Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at noternes og udsparingernes bredde i området ved låseelementets maksimale tykkelse svarer til låseelementets maksimale tyk-5 kelse, og at noternes eller udsparingernes bredde derfra og mod området ved låseelementets midterlinie mindst er lig med eller større end låseelementets maksimale tykkelse.This is achieved according to the invention in that the width of the grooves and recesses in the region at the maximum thickness of the locking element corresponds to the maximum thickness of the locking element and that the width of the grooves or recesses therefrom and towards the area at the center line of the locking element is at least equal to or greater than the maximum thickness of the locking element.

Der forekommer således ingen eller kun ubetydelige træk-10 spændinger i samlingen, og låseelementerne kan stikkes ind i noterne fra enden, hvorimod man ved svalehale-forbindelserne er nødt til at stikke låseelementerne ind fra oven og skubbe dem hele vejen ned igennem noten, hvilket er umuligt uden brug af magt, og specielt når 15 det drejer sig om tre sten, der samles med et enkelt låseelement, nemlig to endestillede sten og en underliggende sten.Thus, no or only insignificant tensile stresses occur in the joint, and the locking elements can be inserted into the grooves from the end, whereas the dovetail connections have to insert the locking elements from above and push them all the way down through the groove, which is impossible without the use of force, and especially in the case of three stones that are joined by a single locking element, namely two end stones and one underlying stone.

Ifølge krav 2 kan noterne og udsparingernes sidevægge hensigtsmæssigt være parallelle.According to claim 2, the grooves and the side walls of the recesses may conveniently be parallel.

20 Ved sten, hvor låseelementets sidevægge er indadbuede, kan dets sidekanter ifølge opfindelsen have et kileformet tværsnit og overgangen derimellem fremtræde som en skarp kant. Herved bliver anlægsfladen mellem låseelementet og noten/udsparingerne begrænset til linieberø-25 ringer. Når murværket arbejder, vil låseelementet ikke fremkalde trækspændinger i stenene, idet linieberøringen vil fremkalde så store liniebelastninger, at låse-elementet vil bide sig fast, da stenen knuses lokalt.In the case of stones in which the side walls of the locking element are inwardly curved, its lateral edges according to the invention may have a wedge-shaped cross-section and the transition therebetween appears as a sharp edge. Hereby, the contact surface between the locking element and the groove / recesses is limited to line touches. When the masonry is working, the locking element will not produce tensile stresses in the stones, as the line touch will cause such large line loads that the locking element will bend as the stone is crushed locally.

I modsætning hertil er låseelementet i svalehale-forbin-30 delsen i det norske patentskrift nr. 92 619, der også 145202 3 har indadbuede sidevægge, udført med afrundede ender, og udsparingen har en med låseelementets overensstemmende form, således at låseelementet med hele sin omkreds ligger an mod sidevæggen i noterne/udsparingen og vil 5 derved overføre enhver påvirkning til stenen og uvægerligt fremkalde trækspændinger i denne.In contrast, the locking member of the dovetail joint of Norwegian Patent No. 92,619, which also has inwardly curved side walls, is made with rounded ends, and the recess has one with the locking member's shape so that the locking member with its entire circumference abuts the side wall of the grooves / recesses and will thereby transfer any influence to the stone and inevitably induce tensile stresses therein.

Ifølge krav 4 udformes murværket hensigtsmæssigt således, at partier af stenens endeflade omkring noterne og udsparingerne er tilbagetrukket i forhold til dens øv-10 rige overflade, således at der ikke forekommer nogen påvirkning stenene imellem i området omkring låseelementet, men at stenenes overflade tillader at arbejde frit og belaster derved ikke låseelementet.According to claim 4, the masonry is conveniently designed such that portions of the stone end surface around the grooves and recesses are retracted relative to its other surface, so that there is no impact between the stones in the area around the locking element, but that the surface of the stones allows working freely, thereby not loading the locking element.

Stenene er fortrinsvis fremstillet af et sådant materi-15 ale, der kan limes sammen, så stenene foruden kilerne også bindes sammen med lim. I stedet for lim kunne man også anvende mørtel, hvor kilerne så eventuelt gives en overhøjde svarende til den ønskede fugetykkelse. Imidlertid behøves der strengt taget ingen bindemidler ud 20 over kilerne.The stones are preferably made of such material which can be glued together, so that the stones in addition to the wedges are also bonded together with glue. Instead of glue, mortar could also be used, where the wedges are then optionally given a pitch corresponding to the desired joint thickness. However, strictly speaking, no binders are needed beyond the wedges.

I det følgende skal en særligt foretrukket udførelsesform af murstenen ifølge opfindelsen beskrives nærmere under henvisning til medfølgende tegning, der viser: fig. 1, en mursten ifølge opfindelsen, 25 fig. 2, låseelement fig. 3, et stykke murværk opbygget med sten ifølge opfindelsen, hvor låseelementerne er vist med stiplet linie, fig. 4, hjørnesten ifølge opfindelsen, 30 fig. 5, i hjørnesten ifølge opfindelsen og 145202 4 fig. 6, 1 tværgående sten ifølge opfindelsenIn the following, a particularly preferred embodiment of the brick according to the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows: 1, a brick according to the invention; FIG. 2, locking element fig. 3, a piece of masonry constructed with stone according to the invention, in which the locking elements are shown in dotted line; FIG. 4, cornerstone according to the invention; 5, in the cornerstone of the invention and FIG. 6, 1 transverse stone according to the invention

De i figurerne viste sten er lavet af et skumplastmateriale, de såkaldte POLYPOR-kugler (varemærke), der opfylder den varmeisoleringsevne, der i dag stilles i byg-5 ningsreglementet til ydervægge. Stenene besidder desuden styrkeegenskaber, der ligger på højde med styrken af almindeligt forekommende teglsten.The stones shown in the figures are made of a foamed plastic material, the so-called POLYPOR (trade mark) balls, which fulfill the heat insulation capacity that is currently provided in the building regulations for external walls. The stones also have strength properties that are at the same level as the strength of commonly used bricks.

Stenenes længde og højde svarer omtrent til dansk normalformat DS 414 inklusive fugetykkelse, og bredden sva-10 rer til en almindelig hulstensmur.The length and height of the stones are approximately similar to the Danish standard size DS 414 including the thickness of the joints, and the width corresponds to a normal hollow wall.

Stenen vist i fig. 1 er i øvrigt fremstillet som en hulsten, hvor hulrummet 1 er opdelt af en langsgående skillevæg 2.The stone shown in FIG. 1 is, moreover, manufactured as a cavity, the cavity 1 being divided by a longitudinal partition 2.

Det er som sagt ikke nødvendigt at varmeisolere stenene, 15 idet de i sig selv besidder den fornødne isoleringsevne.As mentioned, it is not necessary to heat insulate the stones, 15 as they themselves possess the necessary insulating capacity.

Men måtte man alligevel ønske at foretage en ekstra isolering, kan dette selvfølgelig lade sig gøre, og også efter at murværket er rejst, idet hulrummene forløber ubrudt i hele dets højde. Isoleringen af det færdige mur-20 værk foretages hensigtsmæssigt med polyurethanskum, men også granulat af stenuld, glasuld, vermiculit og perlit kan komme på tale.But if you still want to make an extra insulation, this can of course be done, and also after the masonry has been erected, as the cavities run uninterrupted throughout its height. The insulation of the finished masonry work is suitably made with polyurethane foam, but granular wool, glass wool, vermiculite and perlite can also be considered.

Alle stenens fire hjørnekanter 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d er afskårne, således at de sammen med en tilstødende sten frem-25 træder som studsfugen 4 i et murværk af almindeligt forekommende teglsten. Stenens øverste langsgående sidekanter 5a, 5b er også afskårne og fremtræder sammen med bunden af en tilstødende stens sidekanter som liggefugen 6 i murværk af almindeligt forekommende teglsten.All four corner edges 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d of the stone are cut so that they, together with an adjacent stone, appear as the butt joint 4 in a masonry of commonly occurring bricks. The top longitudinal side edges 5a, 5b of the stone are also cut and appear along with the bottom of an adjacent stone side edges as the bed joint 6 in masonry of commonly occurring bricks.

145202 5145202 5

Det færdige murværk vil således fremtræde som murværk opført af almindeligt forekommende teglsten. Murværket vil ligeledes kunne gives forskellige farver, idet sammenkitningsmassen i stenene kan gennemfarves.The finished masonry will thus appear as masonry erected by commonly occurring bricks. The masonry will also be able to be given different colors, as the potting material in the stones can be stained.

5 I stenene er der en udsparing i hver ende i form af en not 7a, 7b, der forløber i hele stenens højde. Desuden er der en udsparing 8 i oversiden af stenens skillevæg 2 med en dybde, der svarer til stenens halve højde. Stenene samles dels ved limning og dels med et fladt låse-10 element 9, der passer i udsparingerne 7a, 7b, 8, og med en højde, der svarer til stenens højde. For at låseelementet 9 skal sidde så godt som muligt i udsparingerne, er dets sidekanter tilspidset, ligesom sidefladerne er let konkave, således at låseelementet bider sig bedre 15 fast i udsparingerne og kompenserer for eventuelle unøjagtigheder. Udsparingen 8 i stenens skillevæg 2 er desuden let tilspidset mod bunden, således at låseelementet 9 selvcentrerer.5 In the stones there is a recess at each end in the form of a groove 7a, 7b extending throughout the height of the stone. In addition, there is a recess 8 in the upper side of the stone partition 2 with a depth corresponding to half the height of the stone. The stones are assembled partly by gluing and partly by a flat locking element 9, which fits in the recesses 7a, 7b, 8, and with a height corresponding to the height of the stone. In order for the locking element 9 to fit as well as possible in the recesses, its side edges are tapered, as are the side surfaces slightly concave, so that the locking element bends better into the recesses and compensates for any inaccuracies. In addition, the recess 8 in the partition 2 of the stone is slightly tapered to the bottom, so that the locking element 9 self-centers.

Til overskydende lim er der i hver side af stenens over-20 side udformet en gennemgående rille 10a, 10b, ligesom der i stenens ender er indhak 11a, 11b, der samtidig bevirker, at stenene ligger bedre an mod hinanden.For excess glue, a through groove 10a, 10b is formed on each side of the upper side of the stone, just as there are notches 11a, 11b at the ends of the stone, which at the same time make the stones lie better against each other.

Ved opbygning af en mur udlægges det første skifte sten 12 som vist på fig. 3, idet endefladerne og undersiden 25 limbesmøres, og låseelementerne 9 sættes ned i noterne 7a, 7b i endefladerne til styring af stenene i sideværts retning. Det næste skifte 13 lægges nu, ved at man lim-besmører stenens underside og endeflader og anbringer et låseelement 9 i udsparingen 8 i oversiden af det un-30 derliggende skifte. Stenen lægges, idet man skubber enden ind over låseelementet 9, så det sidder i noten 7a.In constructing a wall, the first shifting stone 12 as shown in FIG. 3, the end faces and underside 25 being glue-lubricated and the locking elements 9 inserted into the grooves 7a, 7b of the end faces for guiding the stones in a lateral direction. The next switch 13 is now laid by glue-lubricating the underside and end faces of the stone and placing a locking element 9 in the recess 8 on the upper side of the underlying switch. The stone is laid, pushing the end over the locking member 9 so that it sits in the groove 7a.

Herefter skubbes et låseelement 9 ind i noten 7b i ste- 145202 6 nens modsatte ende og skydes ned i udsparingen 8 i oversiden af det underliggende skifte til låsning af stenen.Thereafter, a locking element 9 is pushed into the groove 7b at the opposite end of the stone and is pushed down into the recess 8 in the upper side of the underlying switch for locking the stone.

Den næste sten lægges med enden mod den foregående, således at noten 7a griber om låseelementet 9, og den mod-5 satte ende låses ved at sætte et låseelement 9 ind i noten 7b, der skydes ned i udsparingen 8 i den underliggende sten, hvorved stenen låser urokkeligt både i længde og tværretning og så fremdeles.The next stone is laid with the end against the previous one, so that the groove 7a engages the locking element 9 and the opposite end is locked by inserting a locking element 9 into the groove 7b which is pushed down into the recess 8 in the underlying stone, whereby the stone unlockable both in length and in transverse direction and so on.

Ved anbringelse af låseelementerne 9 på den ovenfor an-10 førte måde vil studsfugerne 4 automatisk ligge lige oven over hinanden, og liggefugerne 6 vil være retlinjede, ligesom stenene ej heller vil kæntre, som det kan forekomme ved almindelige teglsten.By placing the locking elements 9 in the manner indicated above 10, the bump joints 4 will automatically lie directly above each other and the bunks 6 will be rectilinear, just as the stones will not churn, as may be the case with ordinary bricks.

1 fig. 4-6 er vist specielle sten. Således er der i fig.1 FIG. 4-6 are shown special stones. Thus, in FIG.

15 4 vist en hjørnesten. Skillevæggen 2 er her udformet med et vinkelret knæk, således at den ligger i forlængelse af skillevæggen i de to tilstødende mure. Skillevæggen 2 er her afstivet med et ekstra vægstykke 14, der forløber diagonalt fra ski 1 levæggens knæk hen til hjørnet 20 i stenen.15 4 shown a cornerstone. The partition 2 is here formed with a perpendicular crack so that it is in extension of the partition in the two adjacent walls. The partition wall 2 is here stiffened with an additional wall piece 14 which extends diagonally from the crest of the skis 1 of the living wall to the corner 20 of the stone.

Fig. 5 viser en halv hjørnesten uden skillevæg, og fig.FIG. 5 shows half a cornerstone without partition, and fig.

6 viser en halv sten, også uden skillevæg-6 shows half a stone, even without partitions.

DK236580A 1980-06-02 1980-06-02 WORKS OF INVOLVED COMBINED WALLS DK145202C (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK236580A DK145202C (en) 1980-06-02 1980-06-02 WORKS OF INVOLVED COMBINED WALLS
NO811833A NO811833L (en) 1980-06-02 1981-06-01 Bricks.
SE8103436A SE8103436L (en) 1980-06-02 1981-06-01 bricks
DE19813122440 DE3122440A1 (en) 1980-06-02 1981-06-02 Masonry structure made of brick or hollow building blocks

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK236580A DK145202C (en) 1980-06-02 1980-06-02 WORKS OF INVOLVED COMBINED WALLS
DK236580 1980-06-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK236580A DK236580A (en) 1981-12-03
DK145202B true DK145202B (en) 1982-10-04
DK145202C DK145202C (en) 1983-02-28

Family

ID=8111876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK236580A DK145202C (en) 1980-06-02 1980-06-02 WORKS OF INVOLVED COMBINED WALLS

Country Status (4)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3122440A1 (en)
DK (1) DK145202C (en)
NO (1) NO811833L (en)
SE (1) SE8103436L (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0759489A1 (en) 1995-08-17 1997-02-26 Röben Tonbaustoffe GmbH Large size thermally insulating brick

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK145202C (en) 1983-02-28
DE3122440A1 (en) 1982-04-29
DK236580A (en) 1981-12-03
NO811833L (en) 1981-12-03
SE8103436L (en) 1981-12-03

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