DK162725B - Elektroviskos vaeske - Google Patents
Elektroviskos vaeske Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK162725B DK162725B DK495386A DK495386A DK162725B DK 162725 B DK162725 B DK 162725B DK 495386 A DK495386 A DK 495386A DK 495386 A DK495386 A DK 495386A DK 162725 B DK162725 B DK 162725B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- electro
- viscous
- functional
- weight
- aluminum silicate
- Prior art date
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- -1 aluminum silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000002431 aminoalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BUMGIEFFCMBQDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilicon Chemical compound Cl[Si]Cl BUMGIEFFCMBQDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007966 viscous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044192 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWOLLWQJKQOEOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOOOOOOO JWOLLWQJKQOEOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFRROZIJVHUSKZ-FXGMSQOLSA-N OS I Natural products C[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)[C@@H]2NC(=O)C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GFRROZIJVHUSKZ-FXGMSQOLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOIFQOFMUVENJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-heptadec-1-enyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5h-1,3-oxazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC1=NC(CO)(CO)CO1 XOIFQOFMUVENJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005285 chemical preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001921 poly-methyl-phenyl-siloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing silicon
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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- C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
- C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
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- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Description
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Opfindelsen angår elektroviskose suspensioner, som indeholder mere end 25 vægtprocent af et aluminium-silicat med et vandindhold på 1-25 vægtprocent som dispers fase og en elektrisk ikke-ledende hydrofob væske 5 som flydende fase samt et dispergeringsmiddel.
Elektroviskose væsker er dispersioner af findelte hydrofile faste stoffer i hydrofobe elektrisk ikke--ledende olier, hvis viskositet under indflydelse af et tilstrækkeligt stærkt elektrisk felt kan forøges meget 10 hurtigt og reversibelt fra flydende til plastisk eller fast tilstand. Til ændring af viskositeten kan der både benyttes elektrisk jævnstrømsfelter og vekselfelter.
De strømme, som derved løber gennem de elektroviskose væsker, er ekstremt lave. Derfor kan elektroviskose 15 væsker anvendes overalt, hvor overføring af store kræfter skal styres ved hjælp af ringe elektriske ydelser, f.eks. i koblinger, hydrauliske ventiler, støddæmpere, vibratorer eller anordninger til placering og fastholdelse af emner.
20 I almindelighed består de i praksis stillede krav i, at de elektroviskose væsker er flydende og kemisk bestandige i et temperaturområde fra ca. -50 til +150°C og udviser en tilstrækkelig elektroviskos effekt i i det mindste, et temperaturområde fra -30 til +110°c.
25 Det skal også være sikret, at de elektroviskose væsker forbliver stabile i et langt tidsrum, dvs. at der ikke finder nogen faseadskillelse sted og især ikke dannes noget vanskeligt redispergerbart sediment. Hvis de elektroviskose væsker kommer i kontakt med elastomere materi-30 aler, må de elektroviskose væsker ikke angribe eller kvælde disse.
Allerede i 1962 er der i US patentskrift nr.
3.047.507 blevet foreslået en hel række af stoffer som dispers fase til elektroviskose væsker. Derved nævnes 35 silicagel som foretrukket stof. Endvidere beskrives elek-viskose væsker på basis af silicagel-dispersioner i ikke- 2
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-ledende olier i GB patentskrift nr. 1.076.754, idet vandindholdet af silicagelpartiklerne og den måde, hvorpå dette vand er bundet, her anses for særlig kritisk med hensyn til elektroreaktiviteten af de elektroviskose 5 væsker. I nyere litteratur beskrives elektroviskose væsker på basis af forskellige typer af ionbytterpartik-ler (se f.eks. DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 2.530.694 og GB patentskrift nr. 1.570.234). I US patentskrift nr. 3.047.507 henvises der allerede til, at disse elek-10 troviskose væsker udviser elektroviskose effekter, der er sammenlignelige med de elektroviskose effekter af elektroviskose væsker på basis af silicagelpartikler. Partikelstørrelsen af ionpartiklerne skal ligge mellem 0,1 og 5 μιη. Dette medfører, at partiklerne sedimenteres.
15 For at undgå sedimentation af de forholdsvis store partikler tilpasses vægtfylden af den flydende fase til vægtfylden af den disperse fase. Denne vægtfyldetilpasning er imidlertid temperaturafhængig og er derfor ikke tilfredsstillende i praksis.
20 I US patentskrift nr. 3.367.872 beskrives som dispers fase aluminiumoxid og aluminiumsilicater, der kan indeholde indtil 95 vægtprocent siliciumdioxid.
Ved den foreliggende opfindelse gås der ud fra elektroviskose væsker, der er beskrevet i dansk patentansøgning 25 nr. 3380/85 og udmærker sig ved anvendelsen af specielle dispergeringsmidler til undgåelse af sedimentationsproblemet.
Det er formålet med opfindelsen at tilvejebringe elektroviskose væsker med en tydeligt højere elektroreak-tivitet, der fortrinsvis også bibeholdes ved høje temperatu-30 rer, og som desuden har en ringe elektrisk ledningsevne.
Dette formål opfyldes, idet der gås ud fra en elek-troviskos væske, der indeholder et aluminiumsilicat, som er dispergeret i en elektrisk ikke-ledende væske ved hjælp af et egnet dispergeringsmiddel, ifølge opfindelsen ved, at 35 atomforholdet Al/Si på overfladen af aluminiumsilicatet ’ - gigger mellem 0,15 og 0,80, fortrinsvis mellem 0,2 og 0,75.
. i 3
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Al/Si-atomforholdet kan på overfladen af partiklerne afvige betydeligt fra volumensammensætningen.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår således en elek-troviskos væske, der indeholder mere end 25 vægtprocent af 5 et aluminiumsilicat med et vandindhold på 1-25 vægtprocent som dispers fase og en elektrisk ledende hydrofob væske som flydende fase samt et dispergeringsmiddel af aminofunktio-nelle eller hydroxyfunktionelle eller acetoxyfunktionelle eller alkoxyfunktionelle polysiloxaner med en molekylvægt 10 over 800 i en koncentration på 1-30 vægtprocent, beregnet på aluminiumsilicatpartiklerne, hvilken elektroviskos væske er ejendommelig ved, at åtomforholdet Al/Si ved overfladen af aluminiumsilicatet ligger mellem 0,15 og 0,80.
Dispergeringsmidlet er fortrinsvis tilsat med en 15 koncentration på 5-20 vægtprocent, beregnet på aluminiumsilicatpartiklerne.
De som dispergeringsmidler anvendte aminofunk-tionelle polysiloxaner har fortrinsvis følgende almene formel: 20
H /fH3 \ CH3\ CHo H
R-N-X—tsiO- j / SiO—\-Si-X-N-R
25 \CH3/n (fi ™3
'H-N-R
hvori 10<n<1000 30 m betyder 0 til 5, R betyder hydrogen eller alkyl med 1-8 carbonatomer, og X betyder en divalent gruppe, der består af carbon, hydrogen og eventuelt oxygen og/eller nitrogen.
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Bindingen af aminogrupperne til silicone-grund-materialet sker enten via en SiC- eller en SiOC-binding.
Hvis en SiC-binding er ønsket, betyder X en divalent carbonhydridgruppe med 1-6 carbonatomer, fortrinsvis 5 1-3 carbonatomer. Særlig foretrukket som aminofunktionel gruppe er aminomethyl- og ^-aminopropyl-grupperingen.
Den divalente gruppe X kan foruden carbon og hydrogen også indeholde nitrogen. Således kan X-NHR f.eks. betyde gruppen CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2. Hvis en SiOC-binding 10 er ønsket, er den aminofunktionelle gruppe H
t R-N-X en aminoalkoxygruppe. Af hensyn til hydrolysestabiliteten foretrækkes en sekundær SiOC-binding. Særlig egnet er derved l-amino-2-propoxygruppen 15 CH-j ch,
I J I J
-0C-CH7-NH_ eller l-amino-3-butoxygruppen -0C-CH~-CH~-NH
« Δ Δ i 2 2 2 ’
Η H
20 Et særligt foretrukket dispergeringsmiddel er et sådant, hvori X = CH2, R = C6H1;L og m = 0 til 3.
I stedet for aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner kan der som dispergeringsmidler også anvendes siliciumfunktionelle polysiloxaner med den almene formel 25 /f3 \ Γ3
Y-|—SiO-j-Si-Y
30 \CH3 J'“ CH3 hvori 10 < n <1000, Y betyder en hydrolyserbar gruppe, fortrinsvis en 35 hydroxy-, alkoxy- eller carboxygruppe.
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De ovennævnte, som dispergeringsmidler anvendelige funktionelle polysiloxaner indeholder fortrinsvis 20-300 dimethylsiloxanenheder. Disse muliggør især fremstilling af dispersioner med højt indhold af fast stof og en ikke 5 for høj grundviskositet.
Med opfindelsen opnås følgende fordele:
Aluminiumsilicatholdige elektroviskose væsker udviser overraskende væsentlig større elektroreaktiviteter end elektroviskose væsker med silicagel eller aluminiumoxid.
10 For de her omhandlede, med siliconeolie fremstillede elektroviskose væsker gælder, at de er særdeles godt forenelige med elastomere materialer, især med gummi, og at de er sedimentationsstabile og fysiologisk indifferente (ugiftige) . Desuden er de varme- og kuldebestandige inden for 15 et usædvanligt stort temperaturområde og udviser kun en ringe trykafhængighed af viskositeten. Derudover har de elektroviskose suspensioner ifølge opfindelsen gunstige dielektriske værdier, der kun er lidt afhængige af temperatur og frekvens, og en høj elektrisk gennemslagsstyrke.
20 Især for de her omhandlede elektroviskose væsker med en siliconeolie som flydende fase og et af de her omhandlede funktionelle polysiloxaner som dispergeringsmiddel er det endvidere konstateret, at elektroreaktiviteten også bibeholdes særdeles godt ved høje temperaturer.
25 Som yderligere fordel skal fremhæves, at fremstil lingen af de elektroviskose væsker er relativt simpel og derfor billig, og at der kan anvendes handelsgængse produkter som udgangsstoffer.
I det følgende forklares opfindelsen nærmere 30 ved hjælp af eksempler, diagrammer og tabeller.
Tegningen viser forskydningsspændingens afhængighed af den elektriske feltstyrke ved konstant forskydningshastighed målt for den elektroviskose væske.
I tabel I er der sammenfattet de disperse faser, 35 og i tabel II er sammenfattet de karakteristiske data for de her omhandlede elektroviskose væsker i sammenligning med teknikkens stade.
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Der er anført de fremgangsmådetekniske foranstaltninger til fremstilling af de elektroviskose væsker, den kemiske fremstillingsmetode for dispergeringsmidlerne, den til kontrol af de ønskede fysiske egenskaber nødven-5 dige måleteknik samt typiske udførelseseksempler på de her omhandlede elektroviskose væsker.
Til fremstilling af elektroviskose væsker kan der anvendes handelsgængse aluminiumsilicater. Efter behov kan aluminiumsilicatets fugtighedsindhold forøges eller 10 formindskes.
Ved fremstillingen af dispersionerne gås der ud fra dispersionsmediet og en del af eller hele mængden af dis-pergeringsmidlet, og aiuminiumsilicatet røres i dispersionsmediet under stadig omrøring. Til at begynde med kan 15 aiuminiumsilicatet tildoseres hurtigt, medens det mod slutningen med tiltagende viskositet tilsættes langsomt. Hvis der til at begynde med kun gås ud fra en del af disper-geringsmidlet, tilsættes den resterende dispergeringsmid-delmængde samtidig med tilsætningen af aiuminiumsilicatet.
20 Fremstillingsproceduren er imidlertid ikke kritisk for slutegenskaberne af den elektroviskose væske. Heller ikke arten af sammenblandingen er kritisk for slutegenskaberne af den elektroviskose væske. Der kan f.eks. anvendes simple røranordninger, kuglemøller eller ultralyd til dispergerin-25 gen. Ved en intensiv sammenblanding kan dispersionerne imidlertid i almindelighed fremstilles hurtigere og derved noget mere findelte.
Den nødvendige mængde dispergeringsmiddel afhænger stærkt af den specifikke overflade af det anvendte aluminium- 2 30 silicat. Som orienterende værdi kræves der ca. 1-4 mg/m .
Den absolut nødvendige mængde afhænger endvidere af arten af det anvendte aluminiumsilicat og arten af det anvendte dispergeringsmiddel.
De anvendte aluminiumsilicater kan både være 35 amorfe og krystallinske, f.eks. fældet aluminiumsilicat eller zeolit. Al/Si-atomforholdet, som er bestemmende for
O
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størrelsen af elektroreaktiviteten, på overfladen af alu-miniumsilicatpartiklerne bestemmes ved hjælp af ESCA (elektronspektroskopi til kemisk analyse). Aluminiumsili-caterne behøver ikke at være rene og kan uden videre inde-5 holde indtil 20 vægtprocent Fe202, Ti02, Ca0' MgO, Na20 og K20. Desuden kan der også være nogle vægtprocent SO^ og Cl til stede. Endvidere kan den ved ESCA undersøgte overflade udvise indtil 25 atomprocent C. Glødetabet, dvs. vægttabet ved 1000°C, bevæger sig ved de amorfe alumi-10 niumsilicater i almindelighed mellem 10 og 15 vægtprocent.
Heraf er i gennemsnit ca. 6 vægtprocent fugtighed, hvilket er ensbetydende med det vægttab, der bestemmes ved tørring ved 105°C. Den specifikke overflade af det amorfe aluminium- silica t, målt ved BET-metoden, er i almindelighed mellem 2 15 20 og 200 m /g. De krystallinske aluminiumsilicater kan udover en saltform, hvorved de monovalente salte foretrækkes, også foreligge i H*-formen. Det ved tørring ved 500°C bestemte vandindhold er ca. 1-25 vægtprocent, men bør fortrinsvis ligge mellem ca. 5 og 15 vægtprocent.
20 Som dispersionsmedium for aluminiumsilicatpar- tiklerne anvendes fortrinsvis siliconeolier, såsom poly-dimethylsiloxaner og polymere methylphenylsiloxaner.
Flydende carbonhydrider, f.eks. paraffiner, olefiner og aromatiske carbonhydrider, er også anvendelige.
25 Endvidere kan der f.eks. også benyttes fluorcarbonhydri-der, polyoxyalkylener eller fluorerede polyoxyalkylener. Størkningspunktet af dispersionsmedierne indstilles fortrinsvis lavere end -30°C og kogepunktet højere end 150°C. Oliernes viskositet ligger ved stuetemperatur mellem o 30 3 og 300 mm /s. I almindelighed foretrækkes de lavviskose 2 olier (3-20 mm /s) , fordi der hermed opnås en lavere grundviskositet af den elektroviskose væske, således at der ved hjælp af den elektroviskose effekt kan opnås stærke viskositetsændringer.
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Som dispergeringsmidler kan der anvendes tensider, som er opløselige i dispersionsmediet, og som f.eks. afledes af aminer, imidazoliner, oxazoliner, alkoholer, glycol eller sorbitol. Der kan også anvendes polymere som er 5 opløselige i dispersionsmediet. Egnede er f.eks. polymere, der indeholder 0,1-10 vægtprocent N og/eller OH samt 25-83 vægtprocent alkylgrupper med 4-24 carbonatomer og har en molekylvægt i området 5 · 10 til 10 . De N- og OH-holdige forbindelser i disse polymere kan f.eks.· være 10 amin-, amid-, imid-, nitril-, 5 - 6-leddede N-holdige heterocycliske ringe eller en alkhol og alkylgrupperne estere af acryl- eller methacrylsyre. Specifikke eksempler på de ovennævnte N- og OH-holdige forbindelser er N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat, tert.butylacrylamid, 15 maleinimid, acrylonitril, N-vinylpyrrolidon, vinylpyridin og 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylat. De ovennævnte polymere dispergeringsmidler har et forhold til de lavmolekylære tensider i almindelighed den fordel, at de hermed fremstillede dispersioner med hensyn til sedimentationsopførsel er mere 20 stabile, og at elektroreaktiviteten er mindre frekvensafhængig.
Særlig foretrukne dispergeringsmidler til fremstilling af elektroviskose væsker, hvorved aluminiumsilicatet er dispergeret i siliconeolie, er de her omhandlede funktio-25 nelle polysiloxaner. De fremstilles ved metoder, der i princippet er kendt af fagmanden.
Fremstillingen af de som dispergeringsmidler anvendte aminomodificerede polysiloxaner varierer afhængigt af den ønskede art af bindingen. Forbindelser af typen 30 T /|H3\ f3 i
R-N-X—UsiO—4-SiO—V-Si-X-N-H
\CH3 Jti l X | ch3 35 \ HH /
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hvori n og m har den ovenfor angivne betydning, og X betyder methylen, fremstilles ud fra de tilsvarende halogenderivater (Cl eller Br) og den tilsvarende amin ifølge følgende reaktionsskema: 5 ίγ3 \ AH3 \ ch3 C1CH2-f- SiO-j-/—SiO-Ί-Si-CH2C1 \CH3 Jn \ CH2 J CH3 \ci y m
Η H
15 + 2 (m + 2) N-F -► (m+2) H-N(+)-R Cl(_)
I I
Η H
C»3 V
20 H ch3 Æh 3\ / si-°-\ ch3 h
- R-N-CH?-Si-O-f-Si-O-4-f-CH2-)—Si-CH2-N
2 i \ i y i i 21
CH3 NH / CH3 R
XR S m 25
Den chlorholdige forbindelse fremstilles ved cohydrolyse af ønskede mængder af C1CH2(CH^)2SiCl, 30 C1CH2(CH^)SiCl2 og (CH2)2SiCl2. Naturligvis kan der i stedet for Cl også anvendes Br.
Forbindelser af den ovennævnte type, hvori X betyder en alkylgruppe med 2-6 carbonatomer, kan f.eks. fremstilles ved platinkatalyseret addition af en egnet 35 olefin til SiH-holdige forbindelser. Således reagerer f.eks. allylchlorid med en siliconeolie med formlen 10
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\CH3 A \h /» C"3 5 til dannelse af en γ-chlorfunktionel siliconeolie, der analogt med den ovenfor for X = CH2 beskrevne reaktion kan omsættes til den ønskede aminofunktionelle olie.
10 Alternative fremgangsmåder er ligeledes i princippet kendte af fagmanden.
Forbindelser af den ovenfor nævnte dispergerings-middeltype, hvori X betyder en aminoalkoxygruppe, kan fremstilles ved omsætning af siliciumfunktionelle olier, 15 der f.eks. indeholder SiCl-, SiOCE^H^-, Si-O-C-CH^- eller
O
SiH-grupper, med aminoalkanoler, eventuelt under tilsætning af egnede katalysatorer. Særlig egnet er derved 1-propanolamin. Når der er tale om aminoalkoxyfunktionelle 20 systemer, kan m (fordelagtigt) have værdien 0. Særlig foretrukket som dispergeringsmiddel er en aminoalkoxyfunktionel polysiloxan med formlen f JH3 /^H3 \ yH3 f3 m2~CH2~^ O-Si-O-i· Si-O—J-Si-OCH-CH2-NH2 H CH3 \cH3 Jn CH3 1 35 i hvori n har en værdi mellem:.^ og'100,' fortrinsvis mellem 30 og 70.
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11 o
Det er endvidere muligt først at fremstille silanet CH3 (CH3)2Si(OCHCH2NH2)2 5 og derefter ved en basisk katalyseret ækvilibreringsreak-tion under tilsætning af octamethylcyclotetrasiloxan at gennemføre en kædeopbygning.
De således fremstillede elektroviskose væsker under-10 søges i et modificeret rotationsviskosimeter, der er beskrevet af W.M. Winslow, i J. Appl. Phys. 2JD (1949), side 1137-1140.
Elektrodearealet af den indre roterende cylin- 2 der med en diameter på 50 mm er ca. 78 cm , og spalte-15 bredden mellem elektroderne er 0,58 mm. Ved de dynamiske målinger kan forskydningsbelastningen indstilles til maksimalt 2330 s’1. Viskosimeterets måleområde for forskydningsspændingen er maksimalt 750 Pa. Det er muligt at foretage statiske og dynamiske målinger. Aktiveringen 20 af den elektroviskose væske kan både ske med jævnspænding og vekselspænding.
Ved aktivering med jævnspænding kan der ved nogle væsker foruden den spontane forøgelse af viskositeten eller flydegrænsen ved tilslutning af feltet også ske 25 langsomme sedimentationer af de faste partikler på elektrodeoverfladerne, hvilket gør måleresultatet forkert, især ved små forskydningshastigheder eller ved statiske målinger. Derfor gennemføres undersøgelsen af de elektroviskose væsker fortrinsvis med vekselspænding og ved en dynamisk 30 forskydningspåvirkning. Der fås på denne måde godt reproducerbare flydekurver.
Til bestemmelse af elektroreaktiviteten indstilles
— V
en konstant forskydningshastighed 0<D<2330 s , og afhængigheden af forskydningsspændingen ΊΓ af den elektriske 35 feltstyrke E måles. Med prøveapparaturet kan der frembringes vekselfelter indtil en maksimal effektiv felt-
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styrke på 2370 kV/m ved en maksimal effektiv strøm på 4 mA og en frekvens på 50 Hz. Der fås derved flydekurver svarende til fig. 1. Det ses, at forskydnings spændingen rc' ved små feltstyrker først stiger parabelformigt og ved 5 højere feltstyrker lineært. Stigningen S af den lineære del af kurven fremgår af fig. 1 og angives i Pa.m/kV.
Ud fra skæringspunktet mellem den rette linie (forskydningsspænding uden elektrisk felt) bestemmes tærskelværdien Eq af den elektriske feltstyrke og angives 10 i kV/m. For forøgelsen af forskydningsspændingen ^(E)-^ i det elektriske felt E> Eq gælder: 't'(E) - <€q = S· (E-Eq) .
Målingerne kan gentages med forskellige forskyd-- 15 ningshastigheder D. De derved bestemte værdier af EQ
og S spreder sig i almindelighed i et området på ca. - 5% til -20% omkring middelværdien.
I de nedenfor beskrevne udførelseseksempler er eksemplerne mærket E eksempler ifølge opfindelsen, me-20 dens de andre eksempler er eksempler ifølge kendt teknik (sammenligningseksempler).
Eksempel 1-14 viser indflydelsen af atomforholdet Al/Si på overfladen af de forskellige disperse faser.
Det fremgår tydeligt af eksempel 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23 25 og 24, at den gode virkning af de her omhandlede Al-silica-ter også bibeholdes med andre dispergeringsmidler. Eksempel 20, 21 og 25 viser, at dette også gælder for andre dispersionsmedier.
Eksempel 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 21 og 25 viser, at de 30 her omhandlede elektroviskose væsker også ved højere temperaturer udviser en god virkning. Der skal især fremhæves den gode virkning ved højere temperaturer af de elektroviskose væsker, der indeholder dispergeringsmidlet på polysil-oxanbasis (eksempel 7 og 25 i sammenligning med eksempel 15 35 og 20) .
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Udførelseseksempler
Siliconeolie 1: Polydimethylsiloxan O i
Viskositet ved 25°C:5 mm· s Vægtfylde ved 25°C: 0,9 g/cm^ 5
Dielektricitetstal fc'r ifølge DIN 53483 ved 0°C og 50 Hz: 2,8
Siliconeolie 2: Polymethylphenylsiloxan 10 Viskositet ved 25°C: 4 mm^· s ^ Vægtfylde ved 25°C: 0,9 g/cm^
Dielektricitetstal £r ved 25°C: ca. 2,5 15 Isododecan:
Viskositet ved 25°C: 1,7 mm^*s ^ Vægtfylde ved 20°C: 0,75 g/cm^
Dielektricitetstal £r ved 20°C: 2,1.
20
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Claims (7)
1. Elektroviskos væske, der indeholder mere end 25 vægtprocent af et aluminiumsilicat med et vandindhold på 1-25 vægtprocent som dispers fase og en elektrisk ikke-ledende 5 hydrofob væske som flydende fase samt et dispergeringsmiddel af aminofunktionelle eller hydroxyfunktionelle eller acet-oxyfunktionelle eller alkoxyfunktionelle polysiloxaner med en molekylvægt over 800 i en koncentration på 1-30 vægtprocent, beregnet på aluminiumsilicatpartiklerne, kende- 10 tegnet ved, at atomforholdet Al/Si ved overfladen af aluminiumsilicatet ligger mellem 0,15 og 0,80.
2. Elektroviskos dispersion ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at dispergeringsmidlet er tilsat med en koncentration på 5-20 vægtprocent, beregnet på alurainium- 15 silicatpartiklerne.
3. Elektroviskose dispersioner ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at de aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner har følgende struktur: 20 H / CH3 \ / CH3 \ CHo H i /13 / I \ I I R-N-X —h— SiO—A -l·-SiO—\-Si-X-N-R \ch3/ π l X J ch3 25 \H-N-R / m hvori 10 < n < 1000, m er 0 til 5, R betyder hydrogen eller alkyl med 1-8 carbonatomer, og X betyder en divalent gruppe, 30 der består af carbon, hydrogen og eventuelt oxygen og/eller nitrogen. 1 DK 162725 B
4. Elektroviskos dispersion ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at de aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner har følgende struktur:
5. CHo /6h3 \ /cH3 \ CH3 I I 3 / I 3 \ /1 3 \ I H CaHi 1 -N-CH^-Si-O-f—Si-O—]—/ -Si-O-\-Si-CH2-N 6 11 I \ I / I I I ch3 \CH3/n-ll i"2 C"3 C6HU \ NH 10 \l / Vc6Hu/ m hvori m er 0 til 3 og 10 < n < 1000.
5. Elektroviskose dispersioner ifølge krav 1 eller 15 2, kendetegnet ved, at de funktionelle polysil oxaner har følgende struktur: ( iH3 ^ Γ3 Ti / i
20. CH3 / n CH3 hvor 10 < n < 1000, og Y betyder en hydrolyserbar gruppe, især en hydroxy-, alkoxy- eller carboxygruppe.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3536934 | 1985-10-17 | ||
| DE19853536934 DE3536934A1 (de) | 1985-10-17 | 1985-10-17 | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK495386D0 DK495386D0 (da) | 1986-10-16 |
| DK495386A DK495386A (da) | 1987-04-18 |
| DK162725B true DK162725B (da) | 1991-12-02 |
| DK162725C DK162725C (da) | 1992-04-21 |
Family
ID=6283752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK495386A DK162725C (da) | 1985-10-17 | 1986-10-16 | Elektroviskos vaeske |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US4702855A (da) |
| EP (1) | EP0219751B1 (da) |
| JP (1) | JPS6295397A (da) |
| KR (1) | KR940008392B1 (da) |
| AT (1) | ATE83794T1 (da) |
| AU (1) | AU579945B2 (da) |
| BR (1) | BR8605052A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1280590C (da) |
| DE (2) | DE3536934A1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK162725C (da) |
| ES (1) | ES2053427T3 (da) |
| FI (1) | FI82260C (da) |
| NO (1) | NO168537C (da) |
| ZA (1) | ZA867836B (da) |
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| DE102005040157A1 (de) * | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-01 | Degussa Ag | Paste aus nanoskaligem Pulver und Dispergiermittel |
| DE102006031738A1 (de) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Kastriot Merlaku | Brems-System für Fahrzeuge oder Maschinen aller Art |
| KR20120055351A (ko) | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 뉴토니안 유체 특성을 갖는 전기유변유체 |
| DE102011018177A1 (de) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-25 | Raino Petricevic | Paste und deren Verwendung |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3047507A (en) * | 1960-04-04 | 1962-07-31 | Wefco Inc | Field responsive force transmitting compositions |
| US3367872A (en) * | 1967-02-15 | 1968-02-06 | Union Oil Co | Electroviscous fluid composition |
| JPS5832197B2 (ja) * | 1976-07-31 | 1983-07-11 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 電気粘性流体 |
| DE3427499A1 (de) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-02-13 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten |
-
1985
- 1985-10-17 DE DE19853536934 patent/DE3536934A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-10-01 US US06/914,211 patent/US4702855A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-10-02 NO NO863932A patent/NO168537C/no unknown
- 1986-10-04 DE DE8686113763T patent/DE3687337D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-10-04 AT AT86113763T patent/ATE83794T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-04 ES ES86113763T patent/ES2053427T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-04 EP EP86113763A patent/EP0219751B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-13 JP JP61241567A patent/JPS6295397A/ja active Pending
- 1986-10-13 AU AU63954/86A patent/AU579945B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-10-15 CA CA000520461A patent/CA1280590C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-15 FI FI864166A patent/FI82260C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-16 BR BR8605052A patent/BR8605052A/pt unknown
- 1986-10-16 DK DK495386A patent/DK162725C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-16 ZA ZA867836A patent/ZA867836B/xx unknown
- 1986-10-16 KR KR1019860008683A patent/KR940008392B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE83794T1 (de) | 1993-01-15 |
| CA1280590C (en) | 1991-02-26 |
| ZA867836B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
| FI82260C (fi) | 1991-02-11 |
| JPS6295397A (ja) | 1987-05-01 |
| KR940008392B1 (ko) | 1994-09-14 |
| FI82260B (fi) | 1990-10-31 |
| DK162725C (da) | 1992-04-21 |
| EP0219751A2 (de) | 1987-04-29 |
| DK495386A (da) | 1987-04-18 |
| DK495386D0 (da) | 1986-10-16 |
| NO168537C (no) | 1992-03-04 |
| FI864166L (fi) | 1987-04-18 |
| KR870003817A (ko) | 1987-05-04 |
| NO168537B (no) | 1991-11-25 |
| NO863932L (no) | 1987-04-21 |
| US4702855A (en) | 1987-10-27 |
| FI864166A0 (fi) | 1986-10-15 |
| AU6395486A (en) | 1987-04-30 |
| NO863932D0 (no) | 1986-10-02 |
| ES2053427T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
| DE3536934A1 (de) | 1987-04-23 |
| AU579945B2 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
| DE3687337D1 (de) | 1993-02-04 |
| EP0219751B1 (de) | 1992-12-23 |
| BR8605052A (pt) | 1987-07-14 |
| EP0219751A3 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |