DK1961701T3 - Grafitpartikel, carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel og fremgangsmåder til deres fremstilling. - Google Patents

Grafitpartikel, carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel og fremgangsmåder til deres fremstilling. Download PDF

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DK1961701T3
DK1961701T3 DK06834632.9T DK06834632T DK1961701T3 DK 1961701 T3 DK1961701 T3 DK 1961701T3 DK 06834632 T DK06834632 T DK 06834632T DK 1961701 T3 DK1961701 T3 DK 1961701T3
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graphite
particle
carbon
particles
recess
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Tatsuo Umeno
Takashi Iwao
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Nippon Power Graphite Company Ltd
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20—Graphite
    • C01B32/205—Preparation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
    • C04B35/62828—Non-oxide ceramics
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62884—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents by gas phase techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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    • C04B2235/5296—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Claims (16)

1. Grafitpartikel med en konkav-konveks form og en gennemsnitlig partikeldiameter på 5 til 50 pm, hvor en eller flere recesser, der har en dybde på 0,1 til 10 pm og en diameter på 1 til 20 pm, er dannet i overfladen, hvor hulrum er til stede inde i grafitpartiklen, og hvor arealforholdet mellem de nævnte hulrum i en partikelsektion er 5 % eller mindre af det totale areal af partikelsektionen.
2. Grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1, som inden i har en lamineret struktur af grafitlag, der er bøjet langs formen af hver reces og som konvergerer i retning mod periferien af hver reces.
3. Grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1, som har en omtrent sfærisk form med et aspektforhold på 1 til 3 og som inden i har en lamineret struktur af grafitlag, hvor hvert AB-plan af grafitkrystal er bøjet koncentrisk langs partikeloverfladen.
4. Grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1, som har en polyederisk form med et aspektforhold på 1 til 3 og som inden i har en lamineret struktur af grafitlag, hvor hvert AB-plan af grafitkrystal er bøjet uregelmæssigt.
5. Grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1, som har en skællet form med en længde på 5 til 50 pm i den plane partikelretning og en tykkelse på 5 til 20 pm og som inden i har en lamineret struktur af grafitlag, hvor hvert AB-plan af grafitkrystal er plant.
6. Carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel, der omfatter en grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1 og et carbon-lag, som dækker overfladen af grafitpartiklen, hvor dækningsmængden af carbon er 1 til 4 masse-procent.
7. Carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel ifølge krav 6, der omfatter en grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1, og et carbon-lag, som dækker overfladen af grafitpartiklen, der har en gennemsnitlig partikeldiameter på 5 til 50 pm, hvor en eller flere recesser har en dybde på 0,1 til 10 pm, der er dannet i overfladen, og hvor dækningsmængden af carbon er 1 til 4 masse-procent.
8. Carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel ifølge krav 6 eller 7, hvor topintensitetsforholdet (002/110) af 002 planet (26,4 °) og 110 planet (77,4 °), bestemt ved røntgendiffraktometri, er 400 eller mindre, og topintensitetsforholdet (li36o/li58o) af intensiteten l1580 for toppen ved 1580 cm'1 og intensiteten l1360 for toppen ved 1360 cm'1, bestemt ved Raman-spektroskopi, er 1,0 eller mindre.
9. Carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel ifølge krav 6 eller 7, som har et specifikt overfladeareal på 10 m2/g eller mindre og en stampedensitet, der er målt for hele partikler, på 0,5 til 1,5 g/ml.
10. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1, hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter følgende trin: et blandetrin, ved hvilket råmateriale af grafitpartikler og reces-dannende partikler blandes, et trykstøbningstrin, ved hvilket blandingen, der er sammensat af råmaterialet af grafitpartikler og reces-dannende partikler, trykformes for at opnå en støbt genstand, et pulveriseringstrin, ved hvilket den støbte genstand pulveriseres, og et adskillelsestrin, ved hvilket de reces-dannende partikler adskilles og fjernes fra den pulveriserede støbte genstand for at opnå en grafitpartikel.
11. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en grafitpartikel ifølge krav 10, hvor materialet for de reces-dannende partikler er et fast materiale, der er hårdere end en grafitpartikel, hvilket materiale er valgt blandt følgende materialer: (i) metaller, der er valgt blandt jern, kobber, tin, aluminium, nikkel, (ii) oxider, der valgt blandt siliciumdioxid, aluminiumoxid, zinkoxid, jernoxid, (iii) syntetiske polymerer, der er valgt blandt polyethylen, polyethylenterephthalat, polypropylen, polystyren, polymethylmethacrylat, tetrafluorethylen, phenolharpiks, (iv) carbonforbindelser, der er valgt blandt kul, stenkulstjære, stenkulsbeg, jordolieasfalt, koks, trækul og carbon black, carbon dannet ved varmebehandling, og (v) sublimerbare eller flygtige kemiske stoffer, der er valgt blandt naphthalen, olefin, naturlig voks, syntetisk voks, æblesyre, maleinsyre, ammoniumsulfat og vegetabilske polymerer, der er valgt blandt hvedemel, stivelse, majsstivelse, carboxycellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, og hvor materialet i de reces-dannende partikler har en gennemsnitlig partikeldiameter på 1 til 20 pm.
12. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en grafitpartikel ifølge krav 10, hvor blandingsforholdet mellem de reces-dannende partikler og råmaterialet af grafitpartikler er 1 til 60 masse-%.
13. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en grafitpartikel ifølge krav 10, hvor råmaterialet af grafitpartikler har en gennemsnitlig partikeldiameter på 5 til 50 pm, en stampedensitet på 0,5 til 1,3 g/ml, et specifikt overfladeareal på 1 til 40 m2/g, og et askeindhold på 0,2 masse-% eller mindre.
14. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel ifølge krav 6 eller 7, hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter at dække overfladerne af grafitpartiklerne ifølge krav 1 med et carbon-lag ved et termisk CVD-trin.
15. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel ifølge krav 14, hvor det termiske CVD-trin udføres i en reaktionsovn af fluidiseret partikel-leje-typen i en inert atmosfære ved 800 til 1200 ° C ved en termisk CVD-fremgangsmåde ved anvendelse af et organisk opløsningsmiddel som carbonkilde.
16. Sekundært lithiumionbatteri, der indeholder en negativ elektrode, som er fremstillet ved anvendelse afen grafitpartikel ifølge krav 1 eller en carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel ifølge krav 6 eller 7.
DK06834632.9T 2005-12-14 2006-12-13 Grafitpartikel, carbon-grafit-kompositpartikel og fremgangsmåder til deres fremstilling. DK1961701T3 (da)

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JP2005360883 2005-12-14
PCT/JP2006/324877 WO2007069664A1 (ja) 2005-12-14 2006-12-13 黒鉛粒子、炭素－黒鉛複合粒子及びそれらの製造方法

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US (1) US8329136B2 (da)
EP (1) EP1961701B1 (da)
JP (1) JP5042854B2 (da)
KR (1) KR101281186B1 (da)
CN (1) CN101309859B (da)
DK (1) DK1961701T3 (da)
WO (1) WO2007069664A1 (da)

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