DK201700002Y3

DK201700002Y3 - Cement compositions containing an elastic grafitformet carbon ratio

Info

Publication number: DK201700002Y3
Application number: DKBA201700002U
Authority: DK
Inventors: Changjun Zhou; David J Derwin; Frank A Wawrzos; Peter Roy Carney; Craig Allen Baer; Marcin Tlustochowicz
Original assignee: Superior Graphite Co
Priority date: 2017-01-11
Filing date: 2017-01-11
Publication date: 2017-02-24
Also published as: DK201700002U1

Abstract

Der angives en cementsammensætning indeholdende et finkornet tilslagsmateriale hvori finkornede elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler ('RGC') erstatter en andel af det finkornede tilslagsmateriale (typisk sand) i cementformuleringen. I den foreliggende beskrivelse angiver "finkornet" partikler med en maskestørrelse på mindre end ca. 8 mesh eller en partikelstørrelse på mindre end ca. 2,38 mm, eller mere foretrukket, når der henvises til RGC, en maskestørrelse på mindre end ca. 16 mesh og en partikelstørrelse på mindre end ca. 1,19 mm. "Elastisk" beskriver grafitformede kulstofpartikler, der udviser et tilbagespring på mindst ca. 20% efter sammentrykning til 10.000 psi.A cement composition is disclosed containing a fine-grained aggregate in which fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles ('RGC') replace a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate (typically sand) in the cement formulation. In the present specification, "fine-grained" particles having a mesh size of less than ca. 8 mesh or a particle size of less than approx. 2.38 mm, or more preferably, when referring to RGC, a mesh size of less than approx. 16 mesh and a particle size of less than approx. 1.19 mm. "Elastic" describes graphite-shaped carbon particles exhibiting a backscatter of at least about 20% after compression to 10,000 psi.

Description

CEMENTSAMMENSÆTNINGER INDEHOLDENDE EN ELASTISK GRAFITFORMET KULSTQFANDELCEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN ELASTIC GRAPHITE SHAPED CARBON

Baggrund [0001] Den foreliggende frembringelse angår metoder til forbedring af de termiske og elektriske egenskaber ved cementsammensætninger og til formuleringer for cementer, med sådanne egenskaber, og angår særligt sådanne metoder og formuleringer, hvori finkornede elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler tilsættes formuleringerne.Background The present invention relates to methods for improving the thermal and electrical properties of cement compositions and to formulations for cements having such properties, and more particularly to such methods and formulations in which fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles are added to the formulations.

[0002] Elektrisk ledende og/eller varmeledende cementer er nyttige til en række formål, såsom, men ikke begrænset til, opvarmede udendørs belægningssystemer, indendørs eller udendørs opvarmede/afkølede gulvsystemer, varmespredning i kraftværker eller mekaniske systemer og varmespredning i strukturelle systemer.Electrically conductive and / or heat conducting cements are useful for a variety of purposes, such as, but not limited to, heated outdoor coating systems, indoor or outdoor heated / cooled floor systems, heat dissipation in power plants or mechanical systems, and heat dissipation in structural systems.

[0003] Det er kendt, at tilsætning af grafit til cementsammensætninger forbedrer de termiske og elektriske egenskaber af cementen. Se fx US 3,626,149, Peter R. Camey et al., US 5,226,961, Nahm et al., US 5,908,584, Bennett, og US 7,732,381, Williams et al.It is known that adding graphite to cement compositions improves the thermal and electrical properties of the cement. See, e.g., US 3,626,149, Peter R. Camey et al., US 5,226,961, Nahm et al., US 5,908,584, Bennett, and US 7,732,381, Williams et al.

[0004] Med den foreliggende frembringelse tilvejebringes metoder og formuleringer for cementer med en finkornet andel, der omfatter elastisk grafitformet kulstof og med forbedrede termiske og elektriske egenskaber.The present invention provides methods and formulations for cements having a fine-grained proportion comprising elastic graphite-shaped carbon and with improved thermal and electrical properties.

Oversigt [0005] I et aspekt af frembringelsen tilvejebringes en metode til forbedring af de termiske og elektriske egenskaber ved cementsammensætninger, hvori finkornede elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler (”RGC”) erstatter en andel af det finkornede tilslagsmateriale (typisk sand) i cementformuleringen. I nærværende skrift anvendes ’’finkomet” til at betegne partikler med en mesh-størrelse på mindre end ca. 8 mesh, eller en partikelstørrelse mindre end ca. 2,38 mm, eller, fortrinsvist, når der henvises til RGC, en mesh-størrelse på mindre end ca. 16 mesh og en partikelstørrelse på mindre end ca. 1,19 mm. "Elastisk" betegner grafitformede kulstofpartikler, der udviser et tilbagespring på mindst ca. 20% efter sammentrykning til et tryk på 10.000 psi.Summary In one aspect of the process, a method is provided for improving the thermal and electrical properties of cement compositions in which fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles ("RGC") replace a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate (typically sand) in the cement formulation. In this specification, the "fine grain" is used to denote particles having a mesh size of less than ca. 8 mesh, or a particle size less than approx. 2.38 mm, or, preferably, when referring to RGC, a mesh size of less than approx. 16 mesh and a particle size of less than approx. 1.19 mm. "Elastic" means graphite-shaped carbon particles that exhibit a backscatter of at least approx. 20% after compression to a pressure of 10,000 psi.

[0006] Mere specifikt kan RGC erstatte op til 100 vol% (eller 100 wt%) af finkornet tilslagsmateriale i andelen af tør-ingredienser i betonsammensætningen eller, mere fortrinsvis op til ca. 75 vol% (eller ca. 64 wt%) af det finkonede tilslagsmateriale af tør-ingredienser (tørstof) i mørtelsammensætningen.More specifically, RGC can replace up to 100 vol% (or 100 wt%) of fine grain aggregate in the proportion of dry ingredients in the concrete composition or, more preferably, up to approx. 75% by volume (or about 64 wt%) of the fine-grained dry ingredient (dry matter) additive in the mortar composition.

Wt% angiver vægtprocent.Wt% indicates weight percent.

[0007] I et andet aspekt kan RGC omfatte syntetisk fremstillet grafit, varmebehandlet kalcineret petroleumskoks, eller en kombination heraf.In another aspect, RGC may comprise synthetically produced graphite, heat treated calcined petroleum coke, or a combination thereof.

[0008] I et andet aspekt af frembringelsen kan cementblandingeme, hvortil RGC tilsættes, være Portland cementformuleringer jf. ASTM C150 (især type I, II, III og V), cementer til oliebrønde (som defineret af API og indeholdende cementer af Portland-typen) og gipsbaserede cementer til gulvnivellering (såsom dem, der sælges af USG Corporation under varemærket LEVELROCK® og af Maxxon Corporation under varemærket GYP-CRETE®). I yderligere aspekter af frembringelsen tilvejebringes som følger: • en metode til forbedring af de termiske og elektriske egenskaber ved en cementsammensætning indeholdende et finkornet tilslagsmateriale, i hvilken metode finkornede elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler erstatter en andel af det finkornede tilslagsmateriale. • En metode i henhold til ovenstående, hvor det finkornede tilslagsmateriale og de finkornede elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler indeholder partikler med en mesh-størrelse på mindre end ca. 8 mesh (partikelstørrelse mindre end 2,38 mm). • En metode i henhold til ovenstående, hvor de elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler udviser et tilbagespring på mindst ca. 20% efter sammentrykning til et tryk på 10.000 psi. • En metode i henhold til ovenstående hvor de elastiske grafitformede kulstof-partikler er valgt blandt syntetisk fremstillet grafit, varmebehandlet kalcineret petroleumskoks og en kombination af syntetisk fremstillet grafit og varmebehandlet kalcineret petroleumskoks. • En metode i henhold til ovenstående hvor cementsammensætninger, til hvilke de elastiske grafitformede kulstofpartikler tilsættes, omfatter en eller flere af Portland cementformuleringerne ASTM C150 type I, II, ΠΙ og V, Portland cementer for oliebrønde, gips/cement-blandinger, flyveaske/cement-blandinger, og gipsbaserede cementer til gulvnivellering.In another aspect of the preparation, the cement mixtures to which RGC is added may be Portland cement formulations of ASTM C150 (especially types I, II, III and V), oil well cements (as defined by API and containing Portland type cements ) and gypsum-based cements for floor leveling (such as those sold by the USG Corporation under the trademark LEVELROCK® and by Maxxon Corporation under the trademark GYP-CRETE®). Further aspects of the generation are provided as follows: a method for improving the thermal and electrical properties of a cement composition containing a fine-grained aggregate, in which method fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles replace a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate. A method according to the above wherein the fine-grained aggregate material and the fine-grained resilient graphite-shaped carbon particles contain particles having a mesh size of less than approx. 8 mesh (particle size less than 2.38 mm). • A method according to the above wherein the elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles exhibit a backscash of at least approx. 20% after compression to a pressure of 10,000 psi. A method according to the above wherein the elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles are selected from synthetically produced graphite, heat-treated calcined petroleum coke and a combination of synthetically-made graphite and heat-treated calcined petroleum coke. A method according to the above wherein cement compositions to which the resilient graphite carbon particles are added include one or more of the Portland cement formulations ASTM C150 type I, II, ΠΙ and V, Portland cements for oil wells, gypsum / cement mixtures, fly ash / cement blends, and gypsum-based cements for floor leveling.

[0009] I overensstemmelse med et yderligere aspekt af frembringelsen tilvejebringes formuleringer for cementsammensætninger, hvori RGC udgør en andel af eller hele det finkornede tilslagsmateriale. Fortrinsvis udgør tør-ingredienseme i betonsammensætninger ifølge frembringelsen følgende: RGC: 0,5 wt%-32,3 wt%; grovkornede tilslag: 5,2 wt%-71,0 wt%; finkornede tilslag/sand: 0 wt% (fuld erstatning af RGC)-88,6 wt%; og cement (Portland type Eli): 15,7 wt%-23,2 wt%. Fortrinsvis udgør tøringredienserne i mørtelsammensætningerne ifølge frembringelsen følgende: RGC: 0,5 wt%-37 wt%; grovkornet tilslag: 0 wt%; finkomet tilslag/sand: 0 wt% (fuld erstatning ved RGC)-76,2 wt%; og cement (Portland type Eli): 23,3 wt%-40,0 wt%. Derudover kan formuleringerne indeholde en andel af flyveaske som erstatning for en andel af cementen på fra 3,1 wt% - 4.6 wt% for mørtel, og på fra 4,7 wt% til 8,0 wt% for mørtel. Yderligere aspekter vil fremgå under henvisning til nedenstående detaljerede beskrivelse. I overensstemmelse med et yderligere aspekt af frembringelsen tilvejebringes formuleringer for cementsammensætninger i henhold til ovenstående, hvori cementsammensætningen yderligere omfattende: 0,5 wt%-39,0 wt% elastisk grafitformet kulstof; 0 wt% groft tilslagsmateriale; 21,0 wt% -76,2 wt% finkomet tilslagsmateriale; og 23,3 wt% -40,0 wt% cement.In accordance with a further aspect of the preparation, formulations are provided for cement compositions in which RGC constitutes a proportion or all of the fine-grained aggregate. Preferably, the dry ingredients in concrete compositions according to the preparation are as follows: RGC: 0.5 wt% -32.3 wt%; coarse-grained aggregates: 5.2 wt% -71.0 wt%; fine grained aggregate / sand: 0 wt% (full replacement of RGC) -88.6 wt%; and cement (Portland type Eli): 15.7 wt% -23.2 wt%. Preferably, the drying ingredients in the mortar compositions of the invention are as follows: RGC: 0.5 wt% -37 wt%; coarse-grained aggregate: 0 wt%; fine grained aggregate / sand: 0 wt% (full substitute at RGC) -76.2 wt%; and cement (Portland type Eli): 23.3 wt% -40.0 wt%. In addition, the formulations may contain a proportion of fly ash to replace a proportion of the cement of 3.1 wt% - 4.6 wt% for mortar and from 4.7 wt% to 8.0 wt% for mortar. Further aspects will appear with reference to the detailed description below. In accordance with a further aspect of the preparation, formulations for cement compositions are provided according to the above, wherein the cement composition further comprises: 0.5 wt% -39.0 wt% elastic graphite-shaped carbon; 0 wt% coarse aggregate; 21.0 wt% -76.2 wt% fine grained aggregate; and 23.3 wt% -40.0 wt% cement.

Kort tegningsbeskrivelse [00010] Fig. 1 er en tabel, som angiver wt% for de forskellige cementsammensætninger, som er fremstillet i forbindelse med den (??-de) test, som gengivet nedenfor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a table indicating wt% for the various cement compositions made in connection with the (? -) test as set forth below.

Detaljeret beskrivelse [00011] Den foreliggende opfindelse angår cement/beton-formuleringer med tilsætning af elastisk grafitformet kulstof, som giver overlegen varmledningsevne, elektrisk modstand, uden forringelse af den mekaniske ydeevne. På grund af den fremragende termiske og elektriske ledningsevne, kan cement/beton-produkter med tilsætning af elastisk grafit bruges til at bidrage til at sprede eller lede termisk energi, enten alene eller med brug af energikilde (fx et elektrisk varmeelement eller metalrør til at transportere væsker).DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to cement / concrete formulations with the addition of elastic graphite-shaped carbon which provide superior thermal conductivity, electrical resistance, without impairing the mechanical performance. Due to the excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, cement / concrete products with the addition of elastic graphite can be used to help dissipate or conduct thermal energy, either alone or with the use of an energy source (e.g., an electric heating element or metal pipe to transport). liquids).

[00012] Elastisk grafit kan fremstilles ved varmebehandling af kalcineret petroleumskoks gennem en navnebeskyttet kontinuerlig fluid bed-reaktorteknologi. RGC-partikler anses som værende elastiske, hvis de udviser tilbagespring med mindst 20%, og helst med mindst 35% efter anvendelse af et komprimeringstryk på 10.000 psi. Mere foretrukket er, at RGC-produktets elastiske værdier er højere end 100%.Elastic graphite can be produced by heat treatment of calcined petroleum coke through a proprietary continuous fluid bed reactor technology. RGC particles are considered to be resilient if they exhibit a rebound of at least 20%, and preferably of at least 35% after applying a compressive pressure of 10,000 psi. More preferably, the elastic values of the RGC product are higher than 100%.

[00013] Elasticitet kan bestemmes ved anvendelse af en presse, hvorved trykket påføres til en ikke-komprimeret materialeprøve og frigives. Mere specifikt fyldes en testcylinder eller matrice med en tør og fritflydende mængde af materialet, som skal testes. Testcylinderen monteres derefter på en presse. Tryk påføres af pressen til prøven (til et tryk på 10.000 psi), og højden af den komprimerede prøve (ho) inde i testcylinderen måles. Trykket frigives herefter, og tilbagespringshøjden af prøven i testcylinderen (hr) måles 10 minutter efter, at trykket er blevet frigivet og igen 20 minutter efter for at sikre, at prøven har stabiliseret sig. Elasticiteten (%) beregnes derefter som 100 x (hfJho-1).Elasticity can be determined using a press, whereby the pressure is applied to a non-compressed material sample and released. More specifically, a test cylinder or die is filled with a dry and free-flowing amount of material to be tested. The test cylinder is then mounted on a press. Pressure is applied by the press to the specimen (to a pressure of 10,000 psi) and the height of the compressed specimen (ho) inside the test cylinder is measured. The pressure is then released and the bounce height of the sample in the test cylinder (hr) is measured 10 minutes after the pressure has been released and again 20 minutes after to ensure that the sample has stabilized. The elasticity (%) is then calculated as 100x (hfJho-1).

[00014] Cementandelen af blandingerne kan omfatte forskellige typer af cementer. For eksempel omfattede cementandelen i blandingerne Portland cement, som defineret ved ASTM C 150. Tabel 1 og 2 nedenfor angiver de typiske primære faser og kemiske sammensætninger af Portland cement. TABEL 1The cement proportion of the mixtures may comprise various types of cement. For example, the proportion of cement in the blends included Portland cement, as defined by ASTM C 150. Tables 1 and 2 below indicate the typical primary phases and chemical compositions of Portland cement. TABLE 1

TABEL 2TABLE 2

[00015] Der findes fem typer af Portland cement med variationer af de tre første i henhold til ASTM C150. Type I Portland cement er kendt som en cement til almindelig eller standard anvendelse. Når der henvises til Portland cement, er det almindeligt antaget, at der henvises til type I, medmindre en anden type er angivet. Type I Portland cement er almindeligt anvendt til generelt bygge- og anlægsarbejde, særligt når der laves færdigstøbt og færdigstøbt, forspændt beton, som ikke skal være i kontakt med jord eller grundvand. De typiske fasesammensætninger af denne type er: 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 2,8% (MgO), 2,9% (S03), 1,0% ( H20 og C02), og 1,0% (fri CaO). En begrænsning på sammensætningen er, at (C3A) ikke må overstige femten procent.There are five types of Portland cement with variations of the first three according to ASTM C150. Type I Portland cement is known as a cement for general or standard use. When referring to Portland cement, it is generally believed that type I is referred to unless another type is specified. Type I Portland cement is commonly used for general construction work, especially when making pre-cast and pre-cast, prestressed concrete, which should not be in contact with soil or groundwater. The typical phase compositions of this type are: 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 2.8% (MgO), 2.9% (SO3), 1, 0% (H 2 O and CO 2) and 1.0% (free CaO). A limitation on composition is that (C3A) must not exceed fifteen percent.

[00016] Type II Portland cement er beregnet til at have moderat bestandighed over for sulfater, med eller uden moderat hydratiseringsvarme. Den typiske fasesammensætning er: 51% (C3S), 24% (C2S), 6% (C3A), 11% (C4AF), 2,9% (MgO), 2,5% (S03), 0,8% (H2O og CO2) og 1,0% (fri CaO). En begrænsning i type II sammensætningen er, at (C3A) ikke må overstige otte procent, hvilket reducerer dens bestandighed over for sulfater. Denne type er til generelt bygge- og anlægsarbejde, som er moderat eksponeret for sulfat og anvendes typisk, hvor betonen er i kontakt med jord og grundvand, især i det vestlige USA, på grund af højt svovlindhold i jorden. Fordi type I- og type Il-cementer er sammenlignelige i pris, anvendes type II som en cement med standard anvendelse, og størstedelen af den Portland cement, som sælges i Nordamerika, opfylder denne specifikation.Type II Portland cement is intended to have moderate resistance to sulfates, with or without moderate hydration heat. The typical phase composition is: 51% (C3S), 24% (C2S), 6% (C3A), 11% (C4AF), 2.9% (MgO), 2.5% (SO3), 0.8% ( H2O and CO2) and 1.0% (free CaO). A limitation in the type II composition is that (C3A) must not exceed eight percent, reducing its resistance to sulfates. This type is for general construction work, which is moderately exposed to sulfate and is typically used where the concrete is in contact with soil and groundwater, especially in the western United States, due to high sulfur content in the soil. Because Type I and Type II cements are comparable in price, Type II is used as a standard-use cement and most of the Portland cement sold in North America meets this specification.

[00017] Type III Portland cement har relativt høj tidlig styrke. Den typiske fasesammensætning er: 57% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 3,0% (MgO), 3,1% (S03), 0,9% (H20 og C02) og 1,3% (fri CaO). Type ΙΠ ligner type I, men er finere formalet. Nogle producenter laver en separat klinke med højere C3S- og/eller C3A-indhold, men det er mere sjældent, og normalt anvendes almindelig klinker, som er formalet til en specifik overflade, typisk 50-80% højere end type I. Gipsindholdet kan også forhøjes med en mindre andel. Det giver betonen, hvor denne type cement benyttes, en tre-dages-trykstyrke svarende til syv-dages-trykstyrken for type I og II. Syv-dages-trykstyrken i beton med anvendelse af type ΠΙ cement svarer næsten til beton, hvor der anvendes type I- og Il-cementer, mens seks måneder styrken i type III beton er den samme eller lidt lavere end styrken for type I og type II beton. Type III beton er almindeligt anvendt til færdigstøbte betonelementer, hvor høj en-dages-styrke muliggør en hurtig omsætning af forme, ligesom den er anvendelig i nødsituationer til konstruktion og reparationer og for konstruktion af fundamenter til maskinel og portinstallationer.Type III Portland cement has relatively high early strength. The typical phase composition is: 57% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 3.0% (MgO), 3.1% (SO3), 0.9% ( H 2 O and CO 2) and 1.3% (free CaO). Type ΙΠ is similar to type I, but is finer ground. Some manufacturers make a separate lintel with higher C3S and / or C3A content, but it is more rare and usually ordinary clinker ground to a specific surface is used, typically 50-80% higher than type I. The gypsum content may also is increased by a smaller proportion. It gives the concrete where this type of cement is used a three-day compressive strength corresponding to the seven-day compressive strength for types I and II. The seven-day compressive strength in concrete using type ΠΙ cement is almost similar to concrete using type I and II cements, while six months the strength in type III concrete is the same or slightly lower than the strength for type I and type II concrete. Type III concrete is commonly used for pre-cast concrete elements, where high one-day strength enables rapid turnover of molds, as it is useful in emergency situations for construction and repairs and for the construction of foundations for machinery and gate installations.

[00018] Type IV Portland cement er almindeligt kendt for sin lave hydratiseringsvarme. Den typiske fasesammensætning til type IV cement er: 28% (C3S), 49% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 12% (C4AF), 1,8% (MgO), 1,9% (S03), 0,9% (H20 og C02), og 0,8% (fri CaO). Procentandelene af (C2S) og (C4AF) er relativt høje og er for (C3S) og (C3A) relativt lave. En begrænsning ved type IV cement er, at den maksimale procentandel af (C3A) er syv, og den maksimale procentandel af (C3S) er femogtredive. Dette be- virker, at varme, der afgives ved hydratiseringsreaktionen, udvikles langsommere. Imidlertid har det som konsekvens, at styrken af betonen udvikler sig langsomt. Efter et eller to år er styrken højere end for de andre typer efter fuld hærdning. Type IV cement anvendes til meget store betonkonstruktioner, såsom dæmninger, som har en lille overflade i forhold til volumen.Type IV Portland cement is commonly known for its low heat of hydration. The typical phase composition for type IV cement is: 28% (C3S), 49% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 12% (C4AF), 1.8% (MgO), 1.9% (SO3), 0 , 9% (H 2 O and CO 2), and 0.8% (free CaO). The percentages of (C2S) and (C4AF) are relatively high and are relatively (C3S) and (C3A) relatively low. A limitation of type IV cement is that the maximum percentage of (C3A) is seven and the maximum percentage of (C3S) is thirty-five. This causes heat to be released by the hydration reaction to develop more slowly. However, as a consequence, the strength of the concrete develops slowly. After one or two years, the strength is higher than for the other types after full cure. Type IV cement is used for very large concrete structures, such as dams which have a small surface to volume ratio.

[00019] Type V Portland cement anvendes, hvor sulfatbestandighed er vigtig. Den typiske fasesammensætning for type V cement er: 38% (C3S), 43% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 9% (C4AF), 1,9% (MgO), 1,8% (S03), 0,9% (H20 og C02) og 0,8% (fri CaO). Type V cement har et meget lavt (C3A) indhold, som forklarer dens høje sulfatbestandighed. Det maksimalt tilladte indhold af (C3A) er fem procent for type V Portland cement. En anden begrænsning er, at (C4AF) + 2(C3A) andelen ikke overstiger tyve procent. Type V cement anvendes i beton, der skal udsættes for alkaliholdig jord og grundvandsulfater, som reagerer med (C3A), hvorved der forårsages ødelæggende ekspansion. Mens der generelt er mange steder, hvor det ikke udbydes, er det almineligt anvendt i det vestlige USA og Canada. Som med type IV, er type V Portland cement hovedsageligt blevet fortrængt af almindeligt cement med tilsat formalet granuleret højovnsslagge eller tertiære blandede cementer indeholdende slagge og flyveaske.Type V Portland cement is used where sulfate resistance is important. The typical phase composition for type V cement is: 38% (C3S), 43% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 9% (C4AF), 1.9% (MgO), 1.8% (SO3), 0 , 9% (H 2 O and CO 2) and 0.8% (free CaO). Type V cement has a very low (C3A) content, which explains its high sulfate resistance. The maximum permissible content of (C3A) is five percent for Type V Portland cement. Another limitation is that the (C4AF) + 2 (C3A) proportion does not exceed twenty percent. Type V cement is used in concrete to be exposed to alkaline soil and groundwater sulphates which react with (C3A), causing devastating expansion. While there are generally many places where it is not offered, it is commonly used in the western United States and Canada. As with Type IV, Type V Portland cement has been mainly displaced by ordinary cement with added ground granulated blast furnace slag or tertiary mixed cement containing slag and fly ash.

[00020] Type la, Ila, og Ilia Portland cement har den samme sammensætning som type I, Π og III. De adskiller sig ved, at type la, Ila, og Illa desuden indeholder et middel til iblanding af luft, hvilket middel er formalet i blandingen. Luft-iblanding skal overholde minimum og maksimum valgfri specifikation, som angivet i ASTM manualen. Disse typer udbydes generelt kun i det østlige USA og Canada.Type Ia, Ila, and Ilia Portland cement have the same composition as Type I, Π and III. They differ in that type Ia, Ila, and Illa additionally contain a means for admixing air, which agent is ground in the mixture. Air admixture must comply with the minimum and maximum optional specification, as specified in the ASTM manual. These types are generally offered only in the eastern United States and Canada.

[00021] Type II(MH) og II(MH)a har sammensætninger svarende til Type II og Ila, men med moderat hydratiseringsvarme. (Disse cementer blev tilføjet til ASTM C-150 i 2009).Type II (MH) and II (MH) a have compositions similar to Type II and IIa, but with moderate hydration heat. (These cements were added to the ASTM C-150 in 2009).

[00022] RGC kan også kombineres med selvnivellerende cementer (typisk omfattende gips) og cementer til oliebrønde i overensstemmelse med den foreliggende frembringelse for at opnå forbedrede termiske og elektriske egenskaber.RGC can also be combined with self-leveling cements (typically comprising gypsum) and oil well cements in accordance with the present invention to obtain improved thermal and electrical properties.

[00023] I overensstemmelse med den foreliggende frembringelse omfatter sammen- sætningerne: RGC, grovkornet tilslag, finkornet tilslag/sand, cement og eventuelt flyveaske i de wt%-forhold, som er anført i tabel 3. Formuleringerne kan også indbefatte vandreducerende og luft-iblandende tilsætningsstoffer.In accordance with the present invention, the compositions include: RGC, coarse-grained aggregate, fine-grained aggregate / sand, cement, and optionally fly ash in the wt% conditions listed in Table 3. The formulations may also include water reducing and aerating agents. incorporating additives.

[00024] TABEL 3TABLE 3

Afprøvning [00025] En række betonblandinger blev fremstillet i overensstemmelse med ASTM C192, hvori RGC erstattede en andel af det finkornede tilslag (sand). Jf. fig. 1 blev der fremstillet otte prøver (prøverne A-H), hvor to prøver (prøve A og F) var kontrolprøver, hvori det finkornede tilslag ikke indeholdt RGC. Hver prøve indeholdt cement, grovkornet tilslag, finkornet tilslag (RGC og sand) og vand. RGC og sand havde tilsvarende kvalitet som angivet i ASTM C778 for standard sand, med en mindre mængde af materialet finere end #100 mesh. Med undtagelse af kontrolprøverne og prøve C og D (som ikke havde acceptable egenskaber for bearbejdning), var andelene i wt% som følger: cement: 16,47-17,54; grovkornet tilslag: 48,18-52,00; finkornet tilslag RGC: 10,32-15,93; finkornet sand: 6,20-17,37; og vand: 7,39-7,86.Testing A series of concrete mixtures were prepared in accordance with ASTM C192, in which RGC replaced a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate (sand). See. FIG. 1, eight samples (samples A-H) were prepared, two samples (samples A and F) being control samples in which the fine-grained aggregate did not contain RGC. Each sample contained cement, coarse-grained aggregate, fine-grained aggregate (RGC and sand) and water. RGC and sand had similar quality as specified in ASTM C778 for standard sand, with a smaller amount of material finer than # 100 mesh. With the exception of the control samples and samples C and D (which did not have acceptable machining properties), the proportions in wt% were as follows: cement: 16.47-17.54; coarse-grained aggregate: 48.18-52.00; fine-grained aggregate RGC: 10.32-15.93; fine-grained sand: 6.20-17.37; and water: 7.39-7.86.

[00026] Prøverne blev testet for trykstyrke (ASTM C39), termisk diffusion (USACE CRD C36), specifikke varmeegenskaber (USACE CRD C124) og fryse-tø-egenskaber (ASTM C666). I prøver indeholdende RGC-tilslag blev det konstateret, at termisk ledningsevne steg markant i forhold til kontrolprøveme, med ca. 110%, fra 14,3 BTU in/ ft2 h F til 30,2 BTU in/ ft2 h F, ved erstatning af 75 vol% af det finkornede tilslag med RGC , med mindre justeringer af forholdet mellem finkomet og grovkornet tilslag med henblik på at forbedre bearbejdeligheden.The samples were tested for compressive strength (ASTM C39), thermal diffusion (USACE CRD C36), specific heat properties (USACE CRD C124) and freeze-thaw properties (ASTM C666). In samples containing RGC aggregates, it was found that thermal conductivity increased significantly over the control samples, by approx. 110%, from 14.3 BTU in / ft2 h F to 30.2 BTU in / ft2 h F, by replacing 75 vol% of the fine grain aggregate with RGC, with minor adjustments of the ratio of fine grain to coarse aggregate for the purpose of to improve workability.

Moderat forbedring i fryse-tø-modstand blev også observeret i forsøgene. De mekaniske egenskaber var tilstrækkelige til at kvalificere alle de testede blandinger til belægning, indendørs og udendørs gulve og betonkonstmktioner.Moderate improvement in freeze-thaw resistance was also observed in the experiments. The mechanical properties were sufficient to qualify all the tested mixtures for paving, indoor and outdoor floors and concrete constructions.

[00027] Hermed er forbedrede cementsammensætninger indeholdende en andel af RGC blevet beskrevet. Sammensætningerne er blevet beskrevet som eksempler i sammenhæng med visse foretrukne udførelsesformer med specificerede værdier og intervaller for de forskellige andele. Imidlertid skal det, for de intervaller, der er anført, forstås, at enhver værdi inden for området, herunder endepunkterne, anses for at være nævnt, og selv hvis der udtrykkeligt er identificeret specifikke datapunkter, skal det anses som at alle datapunkter indenfor området er angivet.Thus, improved cement compositions containing a proportion of RGC have been described. The compositions have been described as examples in the context of certain preferred embodiments having specified values and ranges for the various proportions. However, for the ranges specified, it should be understood that any value within the range, including the endpoints, is considered to be mentioned, and even if specific data points are explicitly identified, it must be considered that all data points within the range are specified.

Claims

A cement composition containing a proportion of fine-grained aggregate material, which is partially or wholly constituted by elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles having a mesh size of less than ca. 8 mesh (particle size less than 2.38 mm) and exhibiting a recoil of at least approx. 20% after compression to a pressure of 10,000 psi, where the resilient graphite carbon particles are selected from synthetically produced graphite, heat treated calcined petroleum coke, and a combination of synthetically produced graphite and heat treated calcined petroleum coke.

The cement composition of claim 1 further comprising: 0.5 wt% -32.3 wt% elastic graphite carbon; 5.2 wt% -71.0 wt coarse aggregate; 0 wt% -88.6 wt% fine grained aggregate; and 15.7 wt% -23.2 wt% cement.

The cement composition of claim 1 further comprising: 0.5 wt% -39.0 wt% elastic graphite carbon; 0 wt% coarse aggregate; 21.0 wt% -76.2 wt% fine-grained aggregate; and 23.3 wt% -40.0 wt% cement.

The cement composition of claim 2, wherein 3.1 wt% - 4.6 wt% fly ash is used in place of a corresponding amount of cement.

The cement composition of claim 3, wherein 4.7 wt% - 8.0 wt% fly ash is used in place of a corresponding amount of cement.

The cement composition of claim 2, wherein the cement is one or more of the Portland cement formulations ASTM C150 type I, II, III and V, Portland cements for oil wells, gypsum / cement mixtures, fly ash / cement mixtures, and gypsum based cements for floor leveling .

The cement composition of claim 3, wherein the cement is one or more of the Portland cement formulations ASTM C150 type I, II, III and V, Portland cements for oil wells, gypsum / cement mixtures, fly ash / cement mixtures, and gypsum based cements for floor leveling .