DK2474067T3 - Anordning til generering af en gas, der kan anvendes til opstart og lukning af en brændselscelle - Google Patents

Anordning til generering af en gas, der kan anvendes til opstart og lukning af en brændselscelle Download PDF

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DK2474067T3
DK2474067T3 DK10814572.3T DK10814572T DK2474067T3 DK 2474067 T3 DK2474067 T3 DK 2474067T3 DK 10814572 T DK10814572 T DK 10814572T DK 2474067 T3 DK2474067 T3 DK 2474067T3
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reducing gas
fuel
oxidant
fuel cell
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Daniel P Birmingham
Bellis Crispin L De
Mark Anthony Perna
Gregory C Rush
Mark Vincent Scotto
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Lg Fuel Cell Systems Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/104—Oxygen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
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Claims (4)

  1. -1 - ANORDNING TIL GENERERING AF EN GAS, DER KAN ANVENDES TIL OPSTART OG LUKNING AF EN BRÆNDSELSCELLE •ATENTKRAV Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) til opstart og lukning af en brændselscelle (12), hvilken generator mfatter: en oxideringsmiddelkilde, der er struktureret til at tilføre et oxideringsmiddel med et lavt oxygen- 02) indhold, hvilket oxideringsmiddel med lavt 02-indhold har et 02-indhold, der er mindre end indholdet i len atmosfæriske luft; en brændstofindgang (38), der er konfigureret til at modtage et carbonhybridbrændstof; et blandekammer (32), der står i fluidforbindelse med oxideringsmiddelkilden og i fluidforbindelse aed brændstofindgangen, hvilket blandekammer er struktureret til at modtage carbonhybridbrændstoffet og ixideringsmidlet med lavt 02-indhold og til at udlede en tilførselsblanding, der både indeholder arbonhybridbrændstoffet og oxideringsmidlet med lavt 02-indhold; en katalytisk reaktor (34), der står i fluidforbindelse med blandekammeret, hvilken katalytisk saktor er struktureret til at modtage tilførselsblandingen og til katalytisk at omdanne tilførselsblandingen til n reduktionsgas; og en reduktionsgasudgang, der fluidmæssigt er koblet til den katalytiske reaktor og står i luidforbindelse med mindst én af en anode (20) og en reformer (26) for brændselscellen, hvilken sduktionsgasudgang kan dirigere reduktionsgassen til den mindst én af brændselscellens anode og sformer, hvilken reduktionsgasgenerator endvidere indbefatter et styresystem (96), der er konfigureret til at ksekvere programinstruktioner for at regulere en styretemperatur ved at variere både 02-indholdet i ixideringsmidlet med lavt 02-indhold og forholdet mellem tilførselsblandingens oxideringsmiddel og irændstof. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter en itrogengenerator (54), der kan udlede oxygen (02) fra luft og udlede det resterende i form af en nitrogenrig ;as, hvilken nitrogenrig gas udgør mindst en del af oxideringsmidlet med lavt 02-indhold. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 2, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter et aftindføringssystem, der er koblet til nitrogengeneratorens udgang, hvilket luftindføringssystem er truktureret til variabelt at tilføre luft til den nitrogenrige gas for at variere 02-indholdet i oxideringsmidlet aed lavt 02-indhold. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 2, hvilken generator endvidere indbefatter en ventil, der er truktureret til at tilføre en styret mængde luft til en af den nitrogenrige gas og tilførselsblandingen. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 2, hvor nitrogengeneratoren indbefatter en itrogenseparationsmembran (56), der er konfigureret til at separere nitrogen fra luft. '. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter en tyretemperatursensor (84) og en 02-sensor (66), der forbindelsesmæssigt er koblet til styresystemet (96). Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter: -2 - en oxideringsmiddelreguleringsventil (62), der forbindelsesmæssigt er koblet til styresystemet (96), ivilken oxideringsmiddelreguleringsventil er struktureret til at styre en strøm af oxideringsmidlet, der [irigeres ved hjælp af styresystemet; og en brændstofreguleringsventil (46), der forbindelsesmæssigt er koblet til styresystemet, hvilken irændstofrcgulcringsventil er struktureret til at styre en strøm af carbonhybridbrændstoffet, der dirigeres ed hjælp af styresystemet, hvor styresystemet er konfigureret til at eksekvere programinstruktioner for at variere forholdet nellem oxideringsmiddel og brændstof ved at styre udgangen fra mindst én af brændstofreguleringsventilen ig oxideringsmiddelreguleringsventilen. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvor styresystemet (96) er konfigureret til at eksekvere irograminstruktioner for selektivt at variere et indhold af brændbare stoffer i reduktionsgassen, mens der ipretholdes en udvalgt temperatur på reduktionsgassen ved både at variere oxideringsmidlets 02-indhold og brholdet mellem tilførselsblandingens oxideringsmiddel og brændstof. '. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 8, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter mindst to af en tyretemperatursensor (84), en oxygensensor (66) og en sensor (86) til detektering af brændbare stoffer i eduktionsgassen, hvilke sensorer er forbindelsesmæssigt koblet til styresystemet (96).
    0. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter en varmeveksler 88), der fluidmæssigt er tilkoblet på nedstrømssiden af den katalytiske reaktor (34), hvilken varmeveksler r konfigureret til at styre en temperatur på reduktionsgassen.
    1. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter en arme anordning (74) på opstrømssiden af den katalytiske reaktor (34), hvilken varmeanordning er onfigureret til at initiere en katalytisk reaktion ved den katalytiske reaktors katalysator (36) ved at opvarme aindst en del af tilførselsblandingen og tilføre den opvarmede blanding til den katalytiske reaktor.
  2. 2. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 11, hvor varmeanordningen (74) indbefatter et legeme 76), der er konfigureret til kontinuerligt at opretholde en temperatur ved én af ved og over en katalysator-36) driftstemperatur for tilførselsblandingen under normale anvendelser af brændselscellen (12).
  3. 3. Reduktionsgasgenerator (14) ifølge krav 1, hvilken generator endvidere omfatter mindst én af: en katalysatorvarmeanordning (80), der er konfigureret til at bevare den katalytiske reaktors (34) :atalysator (36) ved en temperatur på én af ved og over en katalysatordriftstemperatur for ilførselsblandingen under normale anvendelser af brændselscellen (12); og en anden varmeanordning (82), der er placeret stødende op til indgangen til den katalytiske reaktor 'g struktureret til at initiere katalytisk reaktion af tilførselsblandingen i en opstrømsdel af den katalytiske s aktor.
  4. 4. Brændselscellesystem (10), der omfatter: en brændselscelle (12), der indbefatter en anode (20), en katode (24), en elektrolyt (22), der er obiet til anoden og katoden, og en reformer (26); og en reduktionsgasgenerator (14), der er konfigureret til opstart og lukning af brændselscellen, ivilken reduktionsgasgenerator indbefatter: -3 - en oxideringsmiddelkilde, der er struktureret til at tilføre en oxideringsmiddelstrøm med lavt oxygen- (02) indhold, hvilken oxideringsmiddelstrøm med lavt 02-indhold har et 02-indhold, der er mindre end indholdet i den atmosfæriske luft; en brændstofindgang (38), der er konfigureret til at modtage et carbonhybridbrændstof; et blandekammer (32), der står i fluidforbindelse med oxideringsmiddelkilden og i fluidforbindelse med brændstofindgangen, hvilket blandekammer er struktureret til at modtage carbonhybridbrændstoffet og oxideringsmiddelstrømmen med lavt 02-indhold og til at udlede en tilførselsblanding, der indeholder både carbonhybridbrændstoffet og oxideringsmiddelstrømmen med lavt 02-indhold; en katalytisk reaktor (34), der står i fluidforbindelse med blandekammeret, hvilken katalytisk reaktor er struktureret til at modtage tilførselsblandingen og til katalytisk at omdanne tilførselsblandingen til en reduktionsgas; og en reduktionsgasudgang, der fluidmæssigt er koblet til den katalytiske reaktor og står i fluidforbindelse med mindst én af anoden og reformeren, hvilken reduktionsgasudgang kan dirigere reduktionsgassen til den mindst ene af anoden og reformeren, hvilken reduktionsgasgenerator endvidere indbefatter et styresystem (96), der er konfigureret til at eksekvere programinstruktioner for at regulere en styretemperatur ved at variere både 02-indholdet i oxideringsmidlet med lavt 02-indhold og forholdet mellem tilførselsblandingens oxideringsmiddel og brændstof.
DK10814572.3T 2009-09-04 2010-09-03 Anordning til generering af en gas, der kan anvendes til opstart og lukning af en brændselscelle DK2474067T3 (da)

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US12/554,460 US8668752B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2009-09-04 Apparatus for generating a gas which may be used for startup and shutdown of a fuel cell
PCT/US2010/047850 WO2011029024A1 (en) 2009-09-04 2010-09-03 Apparatus for generating a gas which may be used for startup and shutdown of a fuel cell

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US9083020B2 (en) * 2009-09-04 2015-07-14 Lg Fuel Cell Systems Inc. Reducing gas generators and methods for generating reducing gas
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US9118048B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-08-25 Lg Fuel Cell Systems Inc. Engine systems and methods of operating an engine
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