DK2580156T3 - Fremgangsmåde til lagring af hydrogen - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåde til lagring af hydrogen Download PDF

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Publication number
DK2580156T3
DK2580156T3 DK11722659.7T DK11722659T DK2580156T3 DK 2580156 T3 DK2580156 T3 DK 2580156T3 DK 11722659 T DK11722659 T DK 11722659T DK 2580156 T3 DK2580156 T3 DK 2580156T3
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hydrogen
salt cavern
conduit
stored
stream
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DK2580156T4 (da
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Raymond Francis Drnevich
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Praxair Technology Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G5/00—Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/263—Drying gases or vapours by absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/007—Underground or underwater storage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C01B2203/0288—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step containing two CO-shift steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C01B2203/0294—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step containing three or more CO-shift steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
    • C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/068—Distribution pipeline networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0149—Type of cavity by digging cavities
    • F17C2270/0152—Salt caverns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Fremgangsmåde til lagring og tilførsel af hydrogen til en hydrogenrørledning omfattende: komprimering af en fødestrøm af hydrogenet for tilvejebringelse af en komprimeret hydrogenfødestrøm; injicering af den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm i en saltkaverne for tilvejebringelse af lagret hydrogen i saltkavernen, hvor det minimale volumen af hydrogen lagret i saltkavernen opretholdes med et volumenforhold, som er lig med et lagret volumen af hydrogenet i forhold til det aktuelle kavernevolumen på ikke mindre end 29,0 Sm3/m3 (standardkubikfod/kubikfod) via i det mindste én ledning og udtagning af en lagret hydrogenstrøm, sammensat af den lagrede hydrogen, fra saltkavernen via den i det mindste ene ledning, idet saltkavernen har et restbrinelag placeret ved et bundområde i saltkavernen og sideområder, som strækker sig opad fra bundområdet i saltkavernen og den i det mindste ene ledning har i det mindste én nedre ende placeret i et indre område af saltkavernen og i afstand over brinelaget og fra sideområderne i saltkavernen; indføring af den lagrede hydrogenstrøm, efter udtagning fra saltkavernen, i rørledningen; opretholdelse af i det mindste en minimummængde af det lagrede hydrogen i saltkavernen før, under og imellem tidspunkter hvor den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm injiceres og hvor den lagrede hydrogenstrøm udtages, således at et stillestående lag af hydrogen opretholdes, som grænser op til det indre område og har i det mindste en bunddel, som overlejrer restbrinelaget og en lateral del placeret langs sideområderne i saltkavernen, idet det stillestående lag har et kuldioxidindhold, som er en potentiel kilde for kuldioxidkontaminering af den lagrede hydrogenstrøm; og begrænsning af strømningsmængderne og hastighederne således, at, som målt ved den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning, den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm injiceres med et injektionsforhold, som er lig med en injektionsstrømningsmængde for den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm i forhold til det aktuelle kavernevolumen på ikke mere end 7,5 Sm3d/m3 (standardkubikfod d/kubikfod) og med en injektionshastighed for den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm, som ikke er større end 30,5 m/s (100 fod pr. sekund) og den lagrede hydrogenstrøm udtages med et udtagningsforhold, som er lig med udtagningsstrømningsmængden for den lagrede hydrogenstrøm i forhold til det aktuelle kavernevolumen på ikke mere end 10,0 Sm3d/m3 (standardkubikfod d/kubikfod) og med en udtagningshastighed for den lagrede hydrogenstrøm på ikke mere end 45,7 m/s (150 fod pr. sekund), således at hydrogenstrømmen udtages fra saltkavernen og kuldioxidforureningen af den lagrede hydrogenstrøm hæmmes.
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor: den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning er beliggende i afstand under et øvre område i saltkavernen, placeret modstående bundområdet i saltkavernen; og det stillestående lag omfatter også en øvre del, som strækker sig langs det øvre område af saltkavernen og er placeret modstående den nedre del af det stillestående lag.
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor vand fjernes fra den lagrede hydrogenstrøm før injicering i rørledningen.
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor hydrogenfødestrømmen komprimeres til et tryk over rørledningstrykket i rørledningen; det lagrede hydrogen har et kavernetryk, som er over rørledningstrykket; den lagrede hydrogenstrøm fjernes fra saltkavernen som en konsekvens af kavernetrykket; og den lagrede hydrogenstrøm reduceres til rørledningstrykket før injcering af den lagrede hydrogenstrøm i rørledningen.
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor den i det mindste ene ledning har en injektionsledning og en udtagningsledning og den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm injiceres i saltkavernen via injektionsledningen og den lagrede hydrogenstrøm udtages fra saltkavernen via udtagningsledningen.
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor den i det mindste ene ledning omfatter en injektionsledning med en strømningsdiffuser, hvorfra i det mindste den komprimerede hydrogenfødestrøm injiceres i saltkavemen.
7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor: den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning er åben; den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning er beliggende i afstand fra restbrinelaget med en nedre vertikal afstand på ikke mindre end 76,2 m (250 fod); den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning er beliggende i afstand fra sideområderne i saltkavernen med en lateral afstand på ikke mindre end 12,2 m (40 fod) fra en vertikal linie, som strækker sig imellem 3,05 og 76,2 m (10 og 250 fod) under den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning.
8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 7, hvor: den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning er beliggende i afstand under et øvre område af saltkavernen, placeret modstående bundområdet i saltkavernen; og det stillestående lag omfatter også en øvre del, som strækker sig langs det øvre område i saltkavernen og er placeret modstående den nedre del af det stillestående lag; og den i det mindste ene nedre ende af den i det mindste ene ledning er beliggende i afstand fra det øvre område af saltkavernen med en øvre vertikal afstand på ikke mindre end 15,2 m (50 fod).
9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 7 eller 8, hvor hydrogenfødestrømmen indeholder: mindre end 1,0 ppmv kuldioxid og mindre end 8 ppmv kulmonooxid og en sum af kuldioxidindhold og kulmonooxidindhold i den lagrede hydrogenstrøm er mindre end 10 ppmv.
10. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 7 eller 8, hvor hydrogenfødestrømmen indeholder: mindre end 0,1 ppmv kuldioxid og mindre end 0,6 ppmv kulmonooxid og en sum af kuldioxidindhold og kulmonooxidindhold i den lagrede hydrogenstrøm er mindre end 1,0 ppmv.
DK11722659.7T 2010-06-10 2011-05-12 Fremgangsmåde til lagring af hydrogen DK2580156T4 (da)

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US12/797,955 US8425149B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2010-06-10 Hydrogen storage method and system
PCT/US2011/036205 WO2011156081A1 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-05-12 Hydrogen storage method and system

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DK2580156T3 true DK2580156T3 (da) 2017-04-03
DK2580156T4 DK2580156T4 (da) 2020-09-07

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US8425149B2 (en) 2013-04-23
US10017324B2 (en) 2018-07-10
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