EA004100B1 - Способ и устройство для интенсификации множества интервалов формации - Google Patents

Способ и устройство для интенсификации множества интервалов формации Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EA004100B1
EA004100B1 EA200200857A EA200200857A EA004100B1 EA 004100 B1 EA004100 B1 EA 004100B1 EA 200200857 A EA200200857 A EA 200200857A EA 200200857 A EA200200857 A EA 200200857A EA 004100 B1 EA004100 B1 EA 004100B1
Authority
EA
Eurasian Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wellbore
perforating
intervals
sealing mechanism
bha
Prior art date
Application number
EA200200857A
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Other versions
EA200200857A1 (ru
Inventor
Рэнди К. Толман
Лоренс О. Карлсон
Дэвид А. Кинисон
Крис Дж. Нигаард
Гленн С. Госс
Уилльям А. Сорем
Ли Л. Шейфер
Original Assignee
Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани filed Critical Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани
Publication of EA200200857A1 publication Critical patent/EA200200857A1/ru
Publication of EA004100B1 publication Critical patent/EA004100B1/ru

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/001—Self-propelling systems or apparatus, e.g. for moving tools within the horizontal portion of a borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/14—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for displacing a cable or a cable-operated tool, e.g. for logging or perforating operations in deviated wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production

Landscapes

  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
EA200200857A 2000-02-15 2001-02-14 Способ и устройство для интенсификации множества интервалов формации EA004100B1 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18268700P 2000-02-15 2000-02-15
US24425800P 2000-10-30 2000-10-30
PCT/US2001/004635 WO2001061146A1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-02-14 Method and apparatus for stimulation of multiple formation intervals

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EA200200857A1 EA200200857A1 (ru) 2003-04-24
EA004100B1 true EA004100B1 (ru) 2003-12-25

Family

ID=26878314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EA200200857A EA004100B1 (ru) 2000-02-15 2001-02-14 Способ и устройство для интенсификации множества интервалов формации

Country Status (21)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1264075B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1281846C (de)
AR (1) AR027331A1 (de)
AU (2) AU3697801A (de)
BR (1) BR0108418B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2397460C (de)
CO (1) CO5300472A1 (de)
DK (1) DK2282002T3 (de)
DZ (1) DZ3378A1 (de)
EA (1) EA004100B1 (de)
EG (1) EG23117A (de)
MX (1) MXPA02007728A (de)
MY (1) MY132567A (de)
NO (1) NO330514B1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ520310A (de)
OA (1) OA12171A (de)
PE (1) PE20011019A1 (de)
PL (1) PL196155B1 (de)
RO (1) RO121145B1 (de)
TN (1) TNSN01026A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001061146A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2537719C1 (ru) * 2013-10-29 2015-01-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Татнефть" имени В.Д. Шашина Способ многократного гидравлического разрыва пласта в открытом стволе горизонтальной скважины
RU2555988C2 (ru) * 2009-02-18 2015-07-10 Шлюмбергер Текнолоджи Бв Способ и устройство для установки надувного пакера в субгидростатической скважине
RU2612702C1 (ru) * 2015-12-25 2017-03-13 Игорь Александрович Гостев Способ гидромеханической прокалывающей перфорации скважин на депрессии
RU170641U1 (ru) * 2016-09-16 2017-05-03 Эльмир Саттарович Кузяев Устройство для ориентирования перфоратора в скважине
RU2631517C1 (ru) * 2016-06-28 2017-09-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина" Способ для механизированной насосной эксплуатации скважин и устройство для его осуществления
RU2673093C2 (ru) * 2017-04-24 2018-11-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет" Способ экспресс-определения характеристик призабойной зоны пласта, применяемый при освоении скважины
RU224454U1 (ru) * 2023-09-08 2024-03-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЛУКОЙЛ-ПЕРМЬ" Установка для одновременно-раздельной закачки рабочего агента в два пласта одной скважины

Families Citing this family (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6688389B2 (en) * 2001-10-12 2004-02-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Apparatus and method for locating joints in coiled tubing operations
US10316616B2 (en) * 2004-05-28 2019-06-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Dissolvable bridge plug
CN103362489B (zh) * 2006-01-27 2017-05-10 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 用于地层的水力压裂的方法
US8770261B2 (en) 2006-02-09 2014-07-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods of manufacturing degradable alloys and products made from degradable alloys
US8261834B2 (en) 2007-04-30 2012-09-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Well treatment using electric submersible pumping system
GB2454917B (en) * 2007-11-23 2011-12-14 Schlumberger Holdings Deployment of a wireline tool
US7963325B2 (en) * 2007-12-05 2011-06-21 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and system for fracturing subsurface formations during the drilling thereof
US8543364B2 (en) * 2008-09-19 2013-09-24 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method for optimizing well production in reservoirs having flow barriers
US8276677B2 (en) 2008-11-26 2012-10-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Coiled tubing bottom hole assembly with packer and anchor assembly
GB0911672D0 (en) * 2009-07-06 2009-08-12 Tunget Bruce A Through tubing cable rotary system
US8408300B2 (en) * 2009-06-16 2013-04-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Open-hole stimulation system
RU2398099C1 (ru) * 2009-07-10 2010-08-27 Дмитрий Иванович Александров Способ заканчивания скважины
US8944167B2 (en) 2009-07-27 2015-02-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Multi-zone fracturing completion
US8695716B2 (en) 2009-07-27 2014-04-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Multi-zone fracturing completion
US8613321B2 (en) 2009-07-27 2013-12-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bottom hole assembly with ported completion and methods of fracturing therewith
CA2891734C (en) * 2009-11-06 2017-08-22 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Method and apparatus for a wellbore accumulator system assembly
CA3077883C (en) 2010-02-18 2024-01-16 Ncs Multistage Inc. Downhole tool assembly with debris relief, and method for using same
EP2564020A4 (de) * 2010-05-11 2017-07-19 Services Pétroliers Schlumberger Verfahren und system zur behandlung einer unterirdischen formation
US8794331B2 (en) 2010-10-18 2014-08-05 Ncs Oilfield Services Canada, Inc. Tools and methods for use in completion of a wellbore
US8955603B2 (en) 2010-12-27 2015-02-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated System and method for positioning a bottom hole assembly in a horizontal well
CA2841144C (en) * 2011-07-05 2019-06-04 Bruce A. Tunget Cable compatible rig-less operable annuli engagable system for using and abandoning a subterranean well
CN103688013A (zh) * 2011-08-29 2014-03-26 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 具有对局部井状态动态响应的向下钻进流体流动控制系统和方法
US9677337B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2017-06-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Testing while fracturing while drilling
US8931559B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2015-01-13 Ncs Oilfield Services Canada, Inc. Downhole isolation and depressurization tool
CA2884071A1 (en) 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Schlumberger Canada Limited Method for transverse fracturing of a subterranean formation
CA2862556A1 (en) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-11 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method to underdisplace hydraulic fractures in horizontal or deviated well
US10273787B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-04-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Creating radial slots in a wellbore
US10221667B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-03-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Laser cutting with convex deflector
CN105089599A (zh) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-25 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种用于不动管柱水力喷砂压裂的装置及方法
US9982517B2 (en) * 2014-06-27 2018-05-29 Owen Oil Tools Lp Coiled tubing connector for downhole tools
CN105317409B (zh) * 2014-07-03 2018-03-09 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种水平井分段压裂泵送射孔方法
CN105350948B (zh) * 2014-08-22 2019-01-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 页岩气水平井分段压裂方法和页岩气水平井完井方法
RU2658400C1 (ru) * 2014-10-03 2018-06-21 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Способ устранения условий выпадения проппанта во время заканчивания скважины
EP3212884B1 (de) 2014-10-30 2021-03-03 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Verfahren zur erzeugung radialer schlitze in einer unterirdischen formation
US9810051B2 (en) * 2014-11-20 2017-11-07 Thru Tubing Solutions, Inc. Well completion
CN104624623B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2017-09-12 浙江博世华环保科技有限公司 一种污染场地原位抽提修复方法
CN104624633B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2017-09-12 浙江博世华环保科技有限公司 一种污染场地原位注药修复方法
US9528353B1 (en) 2015-08-27 2016-12-27 William Jani Wellbore perforating tool
CN105134157B (zh) * 2015-10-10 2017-09-01 北京化工大学 一种应用于页岩气开采的岩层蒸汽压裂装置
CN105840166B (zh) * 2016-04-19 2018-09-11 中石化重庆涪陵页岩气勘探开发有限公司 一种采用完全可溶解桥塞的水平井压裂试气完井工艺
US10415382B2 (en) * 2016-05-03 2019-09-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and system for establishing well performance during plug mill-out or cleanout/workover operations
US10731430B2 (en) 2016-10-03 2020-08-04 Owen Oil Tools Lp Perforating gun
CN107725010A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2018-02-23 西安石竹能源科技有限公司 一种可熔断单芯电缆释放装置
US10597964B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2020-03-24 Lee Energy Systems Inc. Wireline deployed multi-stage stimulation and fracturing system
WO2019194838A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Systems and methods for downhole tubular cutting
CA3004675A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2019-11-11 Fluid Energy Group Ltd. Novel corrosion inhibition composition and fracking method
US11125026B2 (en) 2018-10-24 2021-09-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Completing slim-hole horizontal wellbores
CN111425174B (zh) * 2019-01-09 2022-02-01 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 热力式同心分层电点火工艺管柱
WO2020236320A1 (en) 2019-05-23 2020-11-26 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Locating self-setting dissolvable plugs
US10927654B2 (en) * 2019-05-23 2021-02-23 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Recovering hydrocarbons in multi-layer reservoirs with coiled tubing
US20200378229A1 (en) * 2019-05-28 2020-12-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Proppant-free hydraulic fracturing
CN110924931B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2022-04-05 西南石油大学 基于能量转换的水力裂缝与天然裂缝交互状态判别方法
CN111779469B (zh) * 2020-01-07 2024-06-25 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种水平井爬行器射孔系统及射孔方法
CN111091919B (zh) * 2020-02-13 2024-08-30 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于中子活化分析的活化箔夹持结构及活化箔取出装置
CN111155984B (zh) * 2020-02-14 2025-05-30 成都英诺思科技有限公司 可溶桥塞适配器及动态井温测量方法和可溶桥塞制作方法
US11994009B2 (en) * 2020-03-31 2024-05-28 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Non-explosive CO2-based perforation tool for oil and gas downhole operations
RU2750792C1 (ru) * 2020-10-21 2021-07-02 Николай Маратович Шамсутдинов Способ проведения гидравлического разрыва пласта в наклонно-направленной нефтедобывающей скважине, эксплуатирующей один продуктивный пласт
RU2752371C1 (ru) * 2020-10-24 2021-07-26 Николай Маратович Шамсутдинов Способ проведения гидравлического разрыва пласта в наклонно-направленной нефтедобывающей скважине, эксплуатирующей два продуктивных пласта
CN114564800B (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-10-11 北京金阳普泰石油技术股份有限公司 一种水平井测井曲线的真垂厚纵向拟合方法及系统
CN114876370B (zh) * 2022-06-01 2023-03-28 中国石油大学(北京) 多点定向喷射钻进工具及其使用方法
CN117365396A (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-09 大庆金祥寓科技有限公司 电缆式精密老井二次射孔工艺、新井二次射孔工艺
CN117868803A (zh) * 2024-03-13 2024-04-12 中石化西南石油工程有限公司 一种适用于超深井油气井的四联作测试管柱及其使用方法

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558427A (en) * 1946-05-08 1951-06-26 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Casing collar locator
US2986214A (en) * 1956-12-26 1961-05-30 Jr Ben W Wiseman Apparatus for perforating and treating zones of production in a well
US3118501A (en) * 1960-05-02 1964-01-21 Brents E Kenley Means for perforating and fracturing earth formations
US3417827A (en) * 1967-01-09 1968-12-24 Gulf Research Development Co Well completion tool
US4208966A (en) * 1978-02-21 1980-06-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for selectively operating multi-charge well bore guns
US4315797A (en) * 1980-06-02 1982-02-16 Gearhart Industries, Inc. Chemical pipe cutter with exponential spacing between reactant stages
US4637468A (en) * 1985-09-03 1987-01-20 Derrick John M Method and apparatus for multizone oil and gas production
US4917187A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-04-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for hydraulically firing a perforating gun below a set packer
DK34192D0 (da) * 1992-03-13 1992-03-13 Htc As Traktor til fremfoering af bearbejdnings- og maaleudstyr i et borehul
US5287924A (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-02-22 Halliburton Company Tubing conveyed selective fired perforating systems
US5287741A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-02-22 Halliburton Company Methods of perforating and testing wells using coiled tubing
US5704426A (en) * 1996-03-20 1998-01-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Zonal isolation method and apparatus
US5954133A (en) * 1996-09-12 1999-09-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of completing wells utilizing wellbore equipment positioning apparatus
DE19882627T1 (de) 1997-08-26 2000-09-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Stimulation linsenförmiger Erdgasformationen
FR2769665B1 (fr) * 1997-10-13 2000-03-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Methode et systeme de mesure dans un conduit horizontal
US6296066B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2001-10-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Well system

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2555988C2 (ru) * 2009-02-18 2015-07-10 Шлюмбергер Текнолоджи Бв Способ и устройство для установки надувного пакера в субгидростатической скважине
RU2537719C1 (ru) * 2013-10-29 2015-01-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Татнефть" имени В.Д. Шашина Способ многократного гидравлического разрыва пласта в открытом стволе горизонтальной скважины
RU2612702C1 (ru) * 2015-12-25 2017-03-13 Игорь Александрович Гостев Способ гидромеханической прокалывающей перфорации скважин на депрессии
RU2631517C1 (ru) * 2016-06-28 2017-09-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина" Способ для механизированной насосной эксплуатации скважин и устройство для его осуществления
RU170641U1 (ru) * 2016-09-16 2017-05-03 Эльмир Саттарович Кузяев Устройство для ориентирования перфоратора в скважине
RU2673093C2 (ru) * 2017-04-24 2018-11-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет" Способ экспресс-определения характеристик призабойной зоны пласта, применяемый при освоении скважины
RU224454U1 (ru) * 2023-09-08 2024-03-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЛУКОЙЛ-ПЕРМЬ" Установка для одновременно-раздельной закачки рабочего агента в два пласта одной скважины

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DZ3378A1 (fr) 2001-08-23
CN1281846C (zh) 2006-10-25
EG23117A (en) 2004-04-28
DK2282002T3 (da) 2012-10-15
AR027331A1 (es) 2003-03-26
AU2001236978B2 (en) 2004-12-23
EP2282002B1 (de) 2012-07-11
EP1264075B1 (de) 2018-06-20
MXPA02007728A (es) 2002-10-11
EP2282002A3 (de) 2011-05-04
CO5300472A1 (es) 2003-07-31
AU3697801A (en) 2001-08-27
WO2001061146B1 (en) 2001-11-29
EA200200857A1 (ru) 2003-04-24
MY132567A (en) 2007-10-31
NO20023571D0 (no) 2002-07-26
PL196155B1 (pl) 2007-12-31
NO20023571L (no) 2002-10-14
RO121145B1 (ro) 2006-12-29
PL365452A1 (en) 2005-01-10
CA2397460C (en) 2009-07-07
BR0108418A (pt) 2004-01-06
EP1264075A4 (de) 2004-08-11
EP1264075A1 (de) 2002-12-11
TNSN01026A1 (fr) 2003-04-03
EP2282002A2 (de) 2011-02-09
PE20011019A1 (es) 2001-10-24
NO330514B1 (no) 2011-05-09
NZ520310A (en) 2004-08-27
CA2397460A1 (en) 2001-08-23
CN1416499A (zh) 2003-05-07
WO2001061146A1 (en) 2001-08-23
BR0108418B1 (pt) 2010-06-29
OA12171A (en) 2006-05-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EA004100B1 (ru) Способ и устройство для интенсификации множества интервалов формации
US6394184B2 (en) Method and apparatus for stimulation of multiple formation intervals
EP1305501B1 (de) Verfahren zur behandlung von mehreren bohrlochintervallen
AU2001236978A1 (en) Method and apparatus for stimulation of multiple formation intervals
RU2587197C2 (ru) Способ обработки скважины (варианты)
US7159660B2 (en) Hydrajet perforation and fracturing tool
US20070284106A1 (en) Method and apparatus for well drilling and completion
US20080047707A1 (en) Method and system for treating a subterranean formation
AU2001276926A1 (en) Method for treating multiple wellbore intervals
WO2014036742A1 (en) Method for transverse fracturing of a subterranean formation
US7185703B2 (en) Downhole completion system and method for completing a well
Afghoul et al. Coiled tubing: the next generation
US11965129B1 (en) Method and system for mitigating downhole water production
UA74818C2 (en) Method and apparatus for intensification of multiple intervals of formation
CA3088309A1 (en) Method for avoiding frac hits during formation stimulation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s)

Designated state(s): AM BY KG MD TJ

QB4A Registration of a licence in a contracting state
MK4A Patent expired

Designated state(s): AZ KZ TM RU