EA005386B1 - Способ производства черновой меди - Google Patents

Способ производства черновой меди Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EA005386B1
Authority: EA; Eurasian Patent Office
Prior art keywords: copper; slag; cao; concentrate; matte
Prior art date: 2001-09-21

Application number

EA200400266A

Other languages

English (en)

Russian (ru)

Other versions

EA200400266A1 (ru

Inventor

Илкка Койо

Пекка Ханньяла

Карлос Кабалеро Дерамонд

Сесар Акуна Рохас

Original Assignee

Отокумпу Оюй

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2001-09-21

Filing date

2002-09-20

Publication date

2005-02-24

2002-09-20 Application filed by Отокумпу Оюй filed Critical Отокумпу Оюй

2004-10-28 Publication of EA200400266A1 publication Critical patent/EA200400266A1/ru

2005-02-24 Publication of EA005386B1 publication Critical patent/EA005386B1/ru

Links

RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
101100399296 Mus musculus Lime1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
229910015189 FeOx Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 19
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
WETINTNJFLGREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;iron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ca].[Fe].[Fe] WETINTNJFLGREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910052840 fayalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
-1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/0047—Smelting or converting flash smelting or converting
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0054—Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling

Landscapes

Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

EA200400266A 2001-09-21 2002-09-20 Способ производства черновой меди EA005386B1 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
FI20011859A FI115536B (fi)	2001-09-21	2001-09-21	Menetelmä raakakuparin tuottamiseksi
PCT/FI2002/000748 WO2003025236A1 (en)	2001-09-21	2002-09-20	Method for the production of blister copper

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EA200400266A1 EA200400266A1 (ru)	2004-10-28
EA005386B1 true EA005386B1 (ru)	2005-02-24

Family

ID=8561932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EA200400266A EA005386B1 (ru)	2001-09-21	2002-09-20	Способ производства черновой меди

Country Status (17)

Country	Link
US (1)	US20040244534A1 (pl)
EP (1)	EP1436434A1 (pl)
JP (1)	JP3828541B2 (pl)
KR (1)	KR100929520B1 (pl)
CN (1)	CN1295364C (pl)
AU (1)	AU2002325965B2 (pl)
BR (1)	BR0212651A (pl)
CA (1)	CA2459962C (pl)
EA (1)	EA005386B1 (pl)
FI (1)	FI115536B (pl)
MX (1)	MXPA04002601A (pl)
PE (1)	PE20030425A1 (pl)
PL (1)	PL197523B1 (pl)
RO (1)	RO122640B1 (pl)
WO (1)	WO2003025236A1 (pl)
YU (1)	YU24704A (pl)
ZA (1)	ZA200401902B (pl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
RU2683675C1 (ru) *	2016-11-02	2019-04-01	Янгу Сянгуан Коппер Ко., Лтд	Способ плавки медно-сульфидной руды с высоким содержанием мышьяка

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US7164200B2 (en)	2004-02-27	2007-01-16	Agere Systems Inc.	Techniques for reducing bowing in power transistor devices
FI120157B (fi) *	2007-12-17	2009-07-15	Outotec Oyj	Menetelmä kuparirikasteen jalostamiseksi
KR101005848B1 (ko) *	2008-02-01	2011-01-05	장광식	여성용 구두 뒷굽
JP4908456B2 (ja) *	2008-06-02	2012-04-04	パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社	銅の製錬方法
JP4949342B2 (ja) *	2008-09-04	2012-06-06	パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社	銅の製錬方法
SE533677C2 (sv)	2009-04-05	2010-11-30	Boliden Mineral Ab	Metod för att raffinera kopparbullion som innehåller antimon och/eller arsenik
WO2012033454A1 (en) *	2010-09-10	2012-03-15	Jernkontoret	Production of nano sized ferrite
RU2520292C1 (ru) *	2012-12-06	2014-06-20	Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Медногорский Медно-Серный Комбинат"	Способ переработки сульфидных медно-свинцово-цинковых материалов
JP5612145B2 (ja) *	2013-03-07	2014-10-22	パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社	電気銅の製造方法
FI125793B (en)	2014-05-14	2016-02-15	Outotec Finland Oy	A method for converting copper-containing material
JP6665443B2 (ja) *	2015-08-18	2020-03-13	住友金属鉱山株式会社	自熔製錬炉の操業方法
RU2639195C1 (ru) *	2016-12-02	2017-12-20	Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский федеральный университет"	Способ переработки никельсодержащих сульфидных медных концентратов
BE1025769B1 (nl) *	2017-12-14	2019-07-08	Metallo Belgium	Verbeterde pyrometallurgische werkwijze
RU2734613C2 (ru) *	2019-02-08	2020-10-21	Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и проектный институт обогащения и механической обработки полезных ископаемых "Уралмеханобр"	Горизонтальный конвертер и способ совмещенной плавки-конвертирования

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE3341154A1 (de) *	1983-11-14	1985-05-30	Vsesojuznyj nau&ccaron;no-issledovatel'skij gorno-metallurgi&ccaron;eskij institut cvetnych metallov, Ust-Kamenogorsk	Verfahren zur verarbeitung von sulfidischen kupfer- und/oder kupfer-zinkkonzentraten
US4615729A (en) *	1985-03-20	1986-10-07	Inco Limited	Flash smelting process
SU1312115A1 (ru) *	1982-07-22	1987-05-23	Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский горно-металлургический институт цветных металлов	Способ переработки медных и медно-цинковых сульфидных концентратов
GB2350122A (en) *	1998-08-14	2000-11-22	Sumitomo Metal Mining Co	Method for smelting copper sulfide concentrate
WO2001049890A1 (en) *	1998-12-30	2001-07-12	Outokumpu Oyj	Method for the production of blister copper in suspension reactor
US20020043133A1 (en) *	2000-08-22	2002-04-18	Yasuo Ojima	Method of smelting copper sulfide concentrate

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US1312115A (en) *		1919-08-05		Hoisting mechanism
CA1107080A (en) *	1977-05-09	1981-08-18	John M. Floyd	Submerged injection of gas into liquid pyro- metallurgical bath
AUPM657794A0 (en) *	1994-06-30	1994-07-21	Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation	Copper converting
US6231641B1 (en) *	1998-02-12	2001-05-15	Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation	Enhanced phase interaction at the interface of molten slag and blister copper, and an apparatus for promoting same
WO2001014989A1 (en)	1999-08-23	2001-03-01	3Com Corporation	Architecture for a network management service which identifies and locates users and/or devices within an enterprise network

2001
- 2001-09-21 FI FI20011859A patent/FI115536B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
2002
- 2002-09-10 PE PE2002000889A patent/PE20030425A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-20 BR BR0212651-6A patent/BR0212651A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-09-20 CA CA2459962A patent/CA2459962C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-20 JP JP2003530006A patent/JP3828541B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-20 AU AU2002325965A patent/AU2002325965B2/en not_active Expired
- 2002-09-20 MX MXPA04002601A patent/MXPA04002601A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-20 EA EA200400266A patent/EA005386B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-20 WO PCT/FI2002/000748 patent/WO2003025236A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-20 US US10/490,236 patent/US20040244534A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-20 KR KR1020047003951A patent/KR100929520B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-20 RO ROA200400218A patent/RO122640B1/ro unknown
- 2002-09-20 YU YU24704A patent/YU24704A/sh unknown
- 2002-09-20 EP EP02760343A patent/EP1436434A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-09-20 CN CNB028183479A patent/CN1295364C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-20 PL PL368532A patent/PL197523B1/pl unknown
2004
- 2004-03-09 ZA ZA200401902A patent/ZA200401902B/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
SU1312115A1 (ru) *	1982-07-22	1987-05-23	Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский горно-металлургический институт цветных металлов	Способ переработки медных и медно-цинковых сульфидных концентратов
DE3341154A1 (de) *	1983-11-14	1985-05-30	Vsesojuznyj nau&ccaron;no-issledovatel'skij gorno-metallurgi&ccaron;eskij institut cvetnych metallov, Ust-Kamenogorsk	Verfahren zur verarbeitung von sulfidischen kupfer- und/oder kupfer-zinkkonzentraten
US4615729A (en) *	1985-03-20	1986-10-07	Inco Limited	Flash smelting process
GB2350122A (en) *	1998-08-14	2000-11-22	Sumitomo Metal Mining Co	Method for smelting copper sulfide concentrate
WO2001049890A1 (en) *	1998-12-30	2001-07-12	Outokumpu Oyj	Method for the production of blister copper in suspension reactor
US20020043133A1 (en) *	2000-08-22	2002-04-18	Yasuo Ojima	Method of smelting copper sulfide concentrate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI, Week 198802, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class M 25, AN 1988-022531 & SU 1312115 A (NONFERR METAL MINE), 23 may 1987 (1987-05-23), abstract *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
RU2683675C1 (ru) *	2016-11-02	2019-04-01	Янгу Сянгуан Коппер Ко., Лтд	Способ плавки медно-сульфидной руды с высоким содержанием мышьяка

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
CA2459962A1 (en)	2003-03-27
AU2002325965B2 (en)	2008-01-24
CA2459962C (en)	2011-01-04
JP2005503481A (ja)	2005-02-03
CN1556867A (zh)	2004-12-22
EA200400266A1 (ru)	2004-10-28
WO2003025236A1 (en)	2003-03-27
FI115536B (fi)	2005-05-31
PL197523B1 (pl)	2008-04-30
US20040244534A1 (en)	2004-12-09
EP1436434A1 (en)	2004-07-14
MXPA04002601A (es)	2004-06-07
KR20040029183A (ko)	2004-04-03
PL368532A1 (pl)	2005-04-04
RO122640B1 (ro)	2009-10-30
KR100929520B1 (ko)	2009-12-03
BR0212651A (pt)	2004-08-24
CN1295364C (zh)	2007-01-17
YU24704A (sh)	2006-08-17
FI20011859L (fi)	2003-03-22
JP3828541B2 (ja)	2006-10-04
FI20011859A0 (fi)	2001-09-21
PE20030425A1 (es)	2003-06-13
ZA200401902B (en)	2004-09-08

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2006-06-30	MM4A	Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s)	Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KG MD TJ TM
2008-08-29	PC4A	Registration of transfer of a eurasian patent by assignment

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AU2002325965B2 (en)	2008-01-24	Method for the production of blister copper
AU2002325965A1 (en)	2003-06-05	Method for the production of blister copper
EA003759B1 (ru)	2003-08-28	Способ производства черновой меди в реакторе взвешенной плавки
US3984235A (en)	1976-10-05	Treatment of converter slag
EA007445B1 (ru)	2006-10-27	Способ получения черновой меди
JP3682166B2 (ja)	2005-08-10	硫化銅精鉱の熔錬方法
US4515631A (en)	1985-05-07	Method for producing blister copper
CA1204598A (en)	1986-05-20	Procedure for producing lead bullion from sulphide concentrate
SU1735408A1 (ru)	1992-05-23	Способ переработки шлаков производства т желых цветных металлов
CN109971974A (zh)	2019-07-05	一种粗铜精炼的生产工艺
US3669646A (en)	1972-06-13	Process for autogenous smelting of copper ore concentrates and charge product therefor
JPS61531A (ja)	1986-01-06	硫化銅鉱石の溶錬方法
RU2224034C1 (ru)	2004-02-20	Способ извлечения металлов платиновой группы
US3032411A (en)	1962-05-01	Metallurgical process
US210020A (en)	1878-11-19	Improvement in working nickel ores and manufacture of nickel
JPS62174338A (ja)	1987-07-31	銅の精錬方法
US2895821A (en)	1959-07-21	Process for refining blister copper
SU1663031A1 (ru)	1991-07-15	Способ производства кип щей стали
SU947211A1 (ru)	1982-07-30	Способ ковертировани свинецсодержащих медных штейнов
US766655A (en)	1904-08-02	Method of smelting ore and cleaning converter-slag.
US470384A (en)	1892-03-08	Pierre manhes
CN109971975A (zh)	2019-07-05	一种粗铜的精炼方法
JPH09143518A (ja)	1997-06-03	高炉減産操業時の低Ｓｉ銑製造方法
CS205257B1 (en)	1981-05-29	Steelmaking pig iron

EA005386B1 - Способ производства черновой меди - Google Patents

Info

Links

Classifications

Landscapes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=8561932

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (17)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (14)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (5)

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Cited By (1)

Also Published As

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