EE01280U1 - A layered insulated construction element - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a layered insulated construction element. The uniqueness of a construction element insulated in layers lies in the compilation of timber, the polystyrene Finnfoam thermal or acoustic insulation layer plate, and polyurethane glue, by gluing it together. This forms a highly effective construction material to cater for contemporary high and ever increasing demands for wooden houses or other buildings. It is finished highly effectively and very originally by way of hot linseed oil vacuum impregnation, where UV protection, colour pigment and other necessary desired substances are added to the linseed oil. Thus, ideally protected, natural, entirely human- and environment-friendly building material is achieved for many decades.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a laminated insulated building element, in particular a laminated insulated or soundproofed log or beam.

STATE OF THE ART

Old log houses are known for their state of the art, where solid wooden logs were used to build the house.

In addition, the prior art document EP2397620 (published 21.12.2011, Paroc Oy Ab, Woodpolis, Oy Timber Frame Ltd) is known, which describes a multilayer log containing two outer layers of wood and an inner layer of structural wool.

Also known from the prior art is document FI43343 (30.11.1970, Billeruds AB), where a layer of foam plastic is permanently placed between two layers of wood.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the present invention is to provide a layered insulated or soundproofed log or beam that meets modern requirements, has a very high water vapor diffusion resistance, high thermal insulation, good soundproofing, is water-repellent and moisture-resistant; has good fire resistance, good chemical stability, is recyclable and environmentally safe.

The log houses built by our ancestors were environmentally friendly, but their thermal insulation does not meet modern requirements. Also, old log walls are prone to air leakage at the joints, and the moisture resistance of untreated logs does not guarantee the stability of the wall.

The insulated logs described in documents EP 2397620 and FI43343 are not moisture-proof. In insulated walls, under conditions where it is minus degrees outside and plus degrees inside, the dew point remains inside the wall. Since in the aforementioned documents neither the log nor the insulation material is vapor-proof, condensation of water vapor inevitably occurs at the dew point. This means that the condensed vapor, or water, remains inside the wall, especially the insulation material, and creates favorable conditions there for the development of microorganisms, especially mold and rot.

The foam plastic layer known from document FI43343 does not have sufficient water vapor diffusion resistance, the foam plastic layer is not chemically stable and may release undesirable substances into the room over time. In addition, it does not have the tensile, tear and compressive strength necessary to participate in the structure (important, for example, in the case of earthquakes and other forces). Foam plastic is also a flammable material.

The wool insulation layer described in EP2397620 is water-absorbent, thus causing the destruction of the wood in the long term.

The present invention eliminates all of the aforementioned disadvantages, while also providing an easily installed building material with good interior and exterior finish.

The uniqueness of the layered insulated building element according to the invention lies in the assembly of wood, heat or sound insulation layer, polystyrene board (Finnfoam) and polyurethane adhesive (Kleiberit PUR 508) into a single whole by gluing, which forms a very high-efficiency, modern-day building material for wooden houses or other wooden buildings. It is finished by vacuum impregnation of hot linseed oil, where UV protection, color pigment and other necessary desired substances have been added to the oil. This achieves a natural, human- and environmentally friendly building material that is protected for decades.

The building element according to the invention has high thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity. This is ensured mainly by the polystyrene board used as a thermal insulation material, the thermal insulation properties of which are given in Table 1 below.

Table 1

The thermal insulation properties of Finnfoam boards are practically independent of operating conditions. The closed and absolutely uniform pore structure securely traps ordinary air, which has a thermal conductivity (lambda 10) of 0.026 W/(mK), in the pores.

It is possible to build a building with low energy requirements from the insulated building element according to the invention, and a zero-energy house can easily be achieved.

There is no air circulation in the insulation boards, which could significantly weaken the insulation properties of the structure, therefore the boards also act as a wind barrier. Depending on the type of board, the thermal conductivity (lamda 10) values of Finnfoam boards range from 0.029-0.034 W/(mK). Water-repellent insulation boards maintain their insulation properties in damp and wet conditions.

The insulated log according to the invention prevents the movement of air moisture into the wall insulation material because the insulation material is closed-pored. Since the pores of Finnfoam boards are filled with air, their insulation properties do not deteriorate over time. Since the thermal conductivity of air decreases as the temperature drops, the insulation properties of the described boards improve even more when the weather gets colder.

The product according to the invention is particularly suitable for cold regions (efficiency increases as the temperature drops), as the insulation properties of insulation boards are best in frost. The thermal resistance of frost-proof insulation is measured at a temperature of -5 °C, and then the insulation properties of Finnfoam boards are better than, for example, at a temperature of +10 °C. Finnfoam frost barrier is CE marked and meets the stricter thermal conductivity values established by European standards (0.034 or 0.036) than boards installed in dry rooms (0.035 or 0.037). The thermal conductivity values of boards measured in dry room conditions often correspond to the declared thermal conductivity (lamda declared).

Insulated logs have very good sound insulation properties.

The log according to the invention has a fire resistance that corresponds to the fire resistance of wood. Finnfoam products are classified as fire safety class F. They do not contain toxic bromine compounds that increase fire resistance. Therefore, a fire barrier is installed in the structure as needed. Through the dense structure of the extruded polystyrene boards, air and therefore oxygen cannot reach the fire, and therefore Finnfoam boards burn poorly. The fire fades in a closed space. The ignition temperature of the Finnfoam polystyrene boards used in the invention is above 300 °C, and the autoignition temperature is above 400 °C.

The combustion residues of the Finnfoam polystyrene boards used in the invention are the same as those of wood products. Therefore, the product according to the invention is easily recyclable and can be used for the production of renewable energy.

The long-term operating temperature, under which the strength properties of the boards almost do not change, is in the range of -180...+75 °C. The boards retain their shape up to approximately +90 °C. Their thermal expansion is 0.07 mm/(mK), and the density is in the range of 30-50 kg/m3.

The building element according to the invention does not have suitable conditions for life inside the wall (molds and other microorganisms). The insulation layer does not rot or rot, the product is highly resistant to aging, the pore structure of the insulation boards is completely uniform and closed throughout the entire board. The surface of the boards is dense and water-repellent. Submersion tests lasting more than a year have proven that only the superficial pores of the cut surface of the board absorb water (pore dimensions 0.05-0.1 mm). The amount of water absorbed by the board throughout the year remained the same as it was after the first 2 days.

The closed pore structure of the insulation boards used is uniform and acts as a natural water vapor barrier. Water cannot penetrate the insulation boards by capillary action, because the pore structure of the boards is completely uniform and there are no capillary channels.

Table 2

The insulated log according to the invention has high resistance to freeze-thaw cycles, as the insulation has no capillarity and has a very high water vapor diffusion resistance.

The weather resistance of the insulated log according to the invention is ensured by the vacuum impregnation of hot linseed oil used as an external finish, and if necessary, by treating the wood with salts.

The resistance of wood to moisture is ensured by vacuum impregnation with hot linseed oil. With hot linseed oil, the wood pores are filled with oil to a depth of 2 mm, which provides sufficient protection for 5 years for planed wood, and up to 10 years for unplaned or finely sawn wood. Only then is it worth refreshing the surface layer with the same oil (especially for outdoor or exterior surfaces). The result is that the wood is not afraid of sun or moisture, or more broadly, weather damage, and retains both its original properties and its original appearance. There are no conventional indicators of surface damage.

To enhance the durability of the wood, it is pre-soaked with salts, which provides specific added value in addition to the oil.

Salt impregnation is necessary if the wood is placed in more difficult conditions (outdoors in the rain, etc.). After pre-impregnation, it is dried to 16-18% moisture, which is immediately followed by a hot oil process with tinted linseed oil. This technology is usually used for pine wood. The result is wood that is more deeply protected by the salts of the wood impregnation, and after the linseed oil cools, a strong protective layer is created on the upper surfaces of the wood. Good dimensional stability, UV protection and a brown color are created if salt impregnation is not used. When impregnating with salts, a dark brown color is created.

Since hot linseed oil itself is relatively expensive, it is not practical to press it very deeply into the wood, but instead use ordinary wood impregnation salts. This has been tested and approved in practice by Norwegian oil impregnating experts.

A building built from insulated logs has no cold bridges or through-going details. The building itself is long-lasting, durable and has a high mechanical strength structure that does not require additional after-care like log houses (there are no sinking, swelling or cracking typical of log houses) or, similarly to a frame house, additional after-care.

Houses made of insulated logs according to the invention do not require a crane or other heavy special mechanisms for installation. Apart from the installation, which is easy and simple, everything related to the product is industrial production. The need for human labor on the construction site is minimal, since there is no need for conventional interior and exterior finishing, spacers, vapor and wind barriers, accessories, structures, etc. Depending on the size and architectural complexity of the house, installation is quick, 1-3 working days. If necessary, the house is very easy to dismantle, move and reassemble.

Transporting the material is simple and easy, especially in mountains or other areas with difficult access and tight conditions.

The Finnfoam polystyrene boards used in the invention do not emit particles and gases that are harmful to health, do not crumble or rot.

The polystyrene boards used are chemically stable. They are resistant to the effects of inorganic substances, such as acids and alkalis, but the boards react to the effects of organic preparations and other hydrocarbon-based solvents.

Finnfoam boards can be processed using standard woodworking tools. The boards do not puncture or create dust, do not damage human skin, respiratory organs or are otherwise harmful. They are easy and safe to process.

Polystyrene boards can be glued with polyurethane, epoxy or other construction adhesives (according to the adhesive instructions). In the case of the inventive building element, an adhesive based on polyurethane adhesive, such as Kleiberit PUR 508, is used for gluing.

Other useful properties of the product according to the invention are a lower cost, high efficiency, and a better natural living environment for humans.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The above-mentioned features of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments, in which

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of the VSV 270 external wall element with a lining board profile; Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the VSV 300 external wall element with a lining board profile; Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the VSP 350 external wall element with a jib profile; Figure 4 shows a cross-section of the VSY 370 external wall element with a round profile; Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the SSS 100 smooth internal wall element; and Figure 6 shows a cross-section of the SSV 160 internal wall element with a lining board profile.

EXAMPLE

Figures 1 and 2 show an external wall element 1 with a lining board profile, where a thermal insulation layer 3 made of polystyrene board with glue made from polyurethane glue is glued between two wood layers 2. The thicknesses of the external wall element 1 are respectively 90 mm to 450 mm, where the thicknesses of the thermal insulation layer 3 are respectively 50 mm to 240 mm and the thicknesses of the wood layer 2 are respectively 20 mm to 210 mm. The height of the external wall element 1 is 145 mm to 300 mm.

Figure 3 shows an external wall element 1 with a jagged profile and Figure 4 shows an external wall element 1 with a rounded profile. Figure 3 shows an external wall element 1 with a thickness of 350 mm and Figure 4 shows an external wall element 1 with a thickness of 370 mm. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer 3 is 180 mm and the height is 290 mm.

Figure 5 shows a smooth interior wall element 4 and Figure 6 shows a load-bearing interior wall element 4 with a lining board profile. The thicknesses of the interior wall elements are respectively 80 mm to 260 mm and the height is 145 mm to 300 mm. A polystyrene board sound insulation layer 5 is glued to the interior wall elements 4 between the wood layers 2, the thickness of which is respectively 50 mm to 80 mm. The polystyrene board layer is glued with an adhesive made of polyurethane adhesive.

All wall elements 1 and 4 are equipped with a trapezoidal pin or interlocking connection, which allows the wall to be built from wall elements 1 and 4 efficiently and with little effort.

The building elements are manufactured from sorted, dry and planed wood. A polystyrene board is glued between the wood material prepared for gluing, so that a layer of wood remains on both sides of the board. After pressing and drying, a layered insulated raw log or beam is formed.

The profile described in Figures 1 to 6 is given with a square planer.

After shaping the ends and other nodes/connections of the building element, the building element is weatherproofed and finished with hot linseed oil vacuum impregnation, which includes the necessary components, such as color pigments, UV protection, and additionally pre-impregnation with salts before hot linseed oil vacuum impregnation, as needed and desired.

The described building elements form the exterior and interior walls, ceilings and floors of the house to achieve a house with uninterrupted insulation.

Claims (15)

1. A layered insulated building element comprising at least two layers of wood (2) between which there is a foam plastic insulation layer, wherein the outer surfaces of the wood layer (2) are treated with oil, characterized in that the foam plastic insulation layer is a closed-pore polystyrene insulation board, which is glued between the layers of wood (2) with an adhesive based on polyurethane adhesive, and wherein the outer surfaces of the wood layer (2) are treated with oil, which is linseed oil, and the treatment is vacuum impregnation with hot linseed oil. 2. A building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the wood layer (2) are pre-impregnated with salts. 3. A building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the foam plastic insulation layer is a thermal insulation layer (3). 4. A building element according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the building element is an external wall element (1) insulated with a thermal insulation layer (3), where the thickness of the building element is 90 mm to 450 mm. 5. A building element according to claim 4, characterized in that the external wall element (1) has a lining board profile. 6. A building element according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer wall element (1) has a cantilever profile. 7. A building element according to claim 4, characterized in that the external wall element (1) has a round beam profile. 8. A building element according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the thickness of the thermal insulation layer (3) is 50 mm to 240 mm. 9. A building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam plastic insulation layer is a sound insulation layer (5). 10. A building element according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that the building element is an interior wall element (4) insulated with a sound insulation layer (5), wherein the thickness of the building element is 80 mm to 260 mm. 11. A building element according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner wall element (4) has a smooth profile. 12. A building element according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner wall element (4) has a lining board profile. 13. A building element according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner wall element (4) has a beam edge profile. 14. A building element according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner wall element (4) has a round beam profile. 15. A building element according to claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the thickness of the sound insulation (5) is 50 mm to 80 mm.