EE01647U1 - Modular building - Google Patents

Modular building

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Publication number
EE01647U1
EE01647U1 EEU202400006U EEU202400006U EE01647U1 EE 01647 U1 EE01647 U1 EE 01647U1 EE U202400006 U EEU202400006 U EE U202400006U EE U202400006 U EEU202400006 U EE U202400006U EE 01647 U1 EE01647 U1 EE 01647U1
Authority
EE
Estonia
Prior art keywords
foundation
rafters
modular building
panels
wall
Prior art date
Application number
EEU202400006U
Other languages
Estonian (et)
Inventor
Martin Tutt
Original Assignee
North Hus Mt Oü
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by North Hus Mt Oü filed Critical North Hus Mt Oü
Priority to EEU202400006U priority Critical patent/EE01647U1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2024/056872 priority patent/WO2025168220A1/en
Publication of EE01647U1 publication Critical patent/EE01647U1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2487—Portico type structures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

Leiutis käsitleb modulaarset ehitist 1, mis sisaldab mitmest vundamendimoodulist 3 moodustatud vundamenti 2 ja mitut vundamendile 2 ühtlase vahekaugusega kinnitatud külgmist vertikaalset tugiposti 4. Vundamendi 2 vastaskülgedel on kahe vastamisi oleva tugiposti 4 ülemistele otstele kinnitatud ning otstest omavahel ühendatud sarikate 5 paar. Tugipostidele 4 ja sarikatele 5 on kinnitatud seina- ja katusepaneelid 7 ja 8. Iga tugipost 4 on oma alumise otsaga jäigalt kinnitatud vundamendi 2 ühele vundamendimoodulile 3 ning iga seinapaneel 7 on monteeritud kahe külgneva tugiposti 4 välisküljele ning iga katusepaneel 8 on kinnitatud kahe külgneva sarika 5 välimisele küljele.The invention deals with a modular building 1, which includes a foundation 2 formed from several foundation modules 3 and several lateral vertical support posts 4 attached to the foundation 2 at an even distance. On the opposite sides of the foundation 2, a pair of rafters 5 are attached to the upper ends of the two opposite support posts 4 and connected to each other at the ends. Wall and roof panels 7 and 8 are attached to the support posts 4 and rafters 5. Each support post 4 is rigidly attached with its lower end to one foundation module 3 of the foundation 2, and each wall panel 7 is mounted on the outside of two adjacent support posts 4, and each roof panel 8 is attached to two adjacent rafters 5 to the outer side.

Description

 Tehnikavaldkond  Technical field

Leiutis käsitleb modulaarset ehitist, täpsemalt modulaarset ehitist, mille konfiguratsiooni ja kasutusotstarvet saab kasutusea vältel lihtsasti muuta. The invention relates to a modular building, more specifically to a modular building whose configuration and purpose can be easily changed during its service life.

Tehnika tase State of the art

Tehnika tasemest on tuntud mitmeid modulaarseid, st moodulitest püsitatud ehitisi, nagu näiteks aiamajad, garaažid, eluruumid, metsaonnid, kasvuhooned, laste mängumajad, tööriistakuurid ja muud sarnased moodulelementidest ehitised. Several modular buildings, i.e. buildings made of modules, are known from the prior art, such as garden houses, garages, dwellings, forest huts, greenhouses, children's playhouses, tool sheds and other similar buildings made of modular elements.

Enamasti on nendel ehitistel kindel kasutusotstarve ja konfiguratsioon, nagu ehitise suurus, olemasolevad aknad ja uks(ed), mille muutmine peale ehitise püstitamist ei ole võimalik või on nende muutmine keeruline ja töömahukas. Samuti muudab konfiguratsiooni muutmise keeruliseks vajadus muuta vundamenti. These buildings often have a specific purpose and configuration, such as the size of the building, existing windows and door(s), which cannot be changed after the building is erected, or is difficult and laborious to change. Changing the configuration is also complicated by the need to change the foundation.

Ameerika Ühendriikide patenditaotlusest US20020046521A1 (avaldatud 25.04.2002) on tuntud valmis valatud betoonpaneelidest ehitis, mis paigaldatakse vundamendimoodulitest moodustatud vundamendile. Peale püstitamist ei ole selle modulaarse ehitise konfiguratsioon enam muudetav. A building made of precast concrete panels is known from United States patent application US20020046521A1 (published 25.04.2002), which is installed on a foundation formed of foundation modules. After erection, the configuration of this modular building cannot be changed.

Ameerika Ühendriikide patendist US11525233B1 (avaldatud 13.12.2022) on tuntud modulaarne vundamendimoodulite süsteem, mis võimaldab vundamendimoodulite järelpingestamist ja vundamendimoodulite paigutusel moodustada ehitusplatsil sobiv ehitise vundament. See süsteem ei ole ette nähtud hiljem ümberkonfigureerimiseks. A modular foundation module system is known from United States patent US11525233B1 (published 13.12.2022), which allows for post-tensioning of the foundation modules and the arrangement of the foundation modules to form a suitable building foundation on the construction site. This system is not intended for later reconfiguration.

Käesolevale leiutisele konstruktsioonilt sarnaseim lahendus on tuntud Ameerika Ühendriikide patendist US6604328B1 (avaldatud 12.08.2003), milles on kirjeldatud teisaldatavat ehitist, mis sisaldab seinapaneele, seinaposte, põrandapaneele, põranda tugidetaile, katusepaneele ja sõrestikku. See lahendus on ette nähtud sõiduki koormalaval lahtivõetuna transportimiseks, ehitusobjektil püstitamiseks ja seal eluruumina kasutamiseks. The solution most similar in construction to the present invention is known from the United States patent US6604328B1 (published 12.08.2003), which describes a portable building comprising wall panels, wall posts, floor panels, floor support members, roof panels and a truss. This solution is intended for transportation disassembled on the load bed of a vehicle, erection on a construction site and use there as a dwelling.

Kasutusvajaduse lõppemisel monteeritakse see ehitis uuesti lahti ja transporditakse When the need for use ends, this structure will be disassembled again and transported.

uuele ehitusobjektile seal püsitatamiseks ja uuesti kasutamiseks. Selle lahenduse puhul ei ole üksikud seinapaneelid ega ka katusepaneelid ilma ehitist demonteerimata lihtsasti asendatavad ega ka omavahel vahetatavad. Konkreetne ehitis on kindla funktsiooniga, st see on ajutine eluruum ning seetõttu ei ole see ümber konfigureeritav näiteks kasutamiseks garaaži või kasvuhoonena. to a new construction site for permanent use and reuse. In this solution, individual wall panels and roof panels cannot be easily replaced or interchanged without dismantling the building. The specific building has a specific function, i.e. it is a temporary living space and therefore cannot be reconfigured for use as a garage or greenhouse, for example.

Leiutise olemus The essence of the invention

Käesoleva leiutisega on pakutud välja modulaarne ehitis, mis sisaldab mitmest vundamendimoodulist moodustatud pealtvaates nelinurkset vundamenti ja mitut vundamendile ühtlase vahekaugusega ehk sammuga kinnitatud külgmist vertikaalset tugiposti. The present invention proposes a modular building that includes a foundation that is rectangular in plan view and formed from several foundation modules and several lateral vertical support posts attached to the foundation at a uniform spacing, or pitch.

Vundamendi vastaskülgedel sisaldab modulaarne ehitis kahe vastamisi oleva tugiposti ülemistele otstele kinnitatud ning otstest omavahel ühendatud sarikate paari, lisaks tugipostidel ja sarikatel olevaid seina- ja katusepaneele. On opposite sides of the foundation, the modular building includes a pair of rafters attached to the upper ends of two opposing support posts and connected to each other at the ends, in addition to wall and roof panels on the support posts and rafters.

Iga tugipost on oma alumise otsaga jäigalt kinnitatud vundamendi ühele vundamendimoodulile, kus iga seinapaneel on monteeritud kahe külgneva tugiposti välisküljele ning iga katusepaneel on kinnitatud kahe külgneva sarika välimisele küljele. Each support post is rigidly attached at its lower end to one of the foundation modules of the foundation, with each wall panel mounted on the outside of two adjacent support posts and each roof panel attached to the outside of two adjacent rafters.

Välimine külg käesoleva leiutise kontekstis tähendab tugipostide ja sarikate külge, mis on suunatud ehitise sisemusest väljapoole, st tugiposti ja sarika külg, mis on ehitise sisemuse poole oleva külje vastaskülg. The external side in the context of the present invention means the side of the studs and rafters facing outwards from the interior of the building, i.e. the side of the stud and rafter that is opposite the side facing the interior of the building.

Iga vundamendimoodul on ühe oma otsaga toetatud külgnevale vundamendimoodulile. Each foundation module is supported at one end on the adjacent foundation module.

Eelistatavalt on iga vundamendimoodul ristlõikes ümberpööratud T-kujuline ja vundamendimooduli mõlemas otsas on aste, mis ühes otsas on moodustatud sisselõikega vundamendimooduli allosas, teises otsas vundamendimooduli ülaosas nii, et vundamendimoodulite järjest ladumisel sobituvad ja haakuvad astmed omavahel. Samuti on aste tehtud sellise suuruse ja konfiguratsiooniga, et see sobitub vundamendimooduli küljega. Preferably, each foundation module is inverted T-shaped in cross-section and has a step at each end of the foundation module, which is formed at one end by a cut at the bottom of the foundation module and at the other end by a cut at the top of the foundation module so that when the foundation modules are stacked in succession, the steps fit and engage with each other. The step is also made of such a size and configuration that it fits the side of the foundation module.

Leiutisekohase modulaarse ehitise puhul on seina- ja katusepaneelid ühesuguste mõõtmetega. Teisisõnu on need omavahel vahetatavad. Seina- ja katusepaneelid In the case of a modular building according to the invention, the wall and roof panels have the same dimensions. In other words, they are interchangeable. Wall and roof panels

on kas kinnised, st ei sisalda ava aknale või uksele, või sisaldavad need paneelid akent või ust. are either closed, i.e. do not contain an opening for a window or door, or these panels contain a window or door.

Seinana mõeldakse käesoleva leiutise kontekstis nii välisseinu, nagu külgseinad ja otsaseinad, kui ka ehitise sisse jäävaid vaheseinu. In the context of the present invention, a wall is understood to mean both external walls, such as side walls and end walls, and partitions within a building.

Otsaseinte kohal katuseharja kolmnurkses osas sarikate vahel on kasutusel eraldi kolmnurksed ja kolmnurkse harjaosaga otsaseinapaneelid. Separate triangular and triangular ridge end wall panels are used above the end walls in the triangular part of the ridge between the rafters.

Leiutise teises teostuses sisaldab modulaarne ehitis veel pealtvaates ristkülikulisi põrandapaneele, mis on oma otstega toetatud vundamendimoodulite vahele vundamendimoodulite servadele. In another embodiment of the invention, the modular building further comprises floor panels that are rectangular in plan view and are supported with their ends between the foundation modules on the edges of the foundation modules.

Külgnevate seinapaneelide ja katusepaneelide liitekoht on kaetud katteplekiga. Soojustatud ehitise puhul on kattepleki all ka soojustusmaterjalist riba. Soojustusmaterjal pannakse ka paneelide vahele. The joint between adjacent wall panels and roof panels is covered with a covering sheet. In the case of an insulated building, there is also a strip of insulation material under the covering sheet. Insulation material is also placed between the panels.

Vastamisi olevatele sarikatele toetatud katusepaneelide otsad on kaetud harjaplekiga. The ends of the roof panels supported on opposing rafters are covered with ridge shingles.

Sarikad on tugipostide ülemistele otstele kinnitatud karkassidetailidega. The rafters are attached to the upper ends of the support posts with frame members.

Vastamisi olevad sarikad on harjaosas omavahel otstest ühendatud sarikate karkassidetailiga. Opposite rafters are connected to each other at the ridge end with a rafter frame detail.

Esimese teostuse kohaselt on tugipostid ja sarikad moodustatud puitprussidest. According to the first embodiment, the support posts and rafters are formed from wooden beams.

Teise teostuse kohaselt on tugipostid ja sarikad valmistatud metallist. According to another embodiment, the support posts and rafters are made of metal.

Kuna iga seinapaneel on monteeritud kahe külgneva tugiposti välisküljele ning iga katusepaneel on kinnitatud kahe külgneva sarika välimisele küljele, siis peale kattepleki eemaldamist võimaldab selline paneelide kinnitusviis nii seinapaneele kui katusepaneele vajadusel vahetada ilma muud ehitise konstruktsiooni demonteerimata. Vajadusel saab näiteks aknata seina- või katusepaneeli asendada aknaga paneeliga või vastupidi. Samuti saab vajadusel kinnise seinapaneeli asendada ukseava ja uksega seinapaneeliga. Lisaks nn pimedale või klaasiga paneelile saab muuta ka ehitise välisilmet eri materjalist väliskihiga paneelidega - plekk, laudis, jne. Since each wall panel is mounted on the outside of two adjacent support posts and each roof panel is attached to the outside of two adjacent rafters, after removing the covering sheet, this method of attaching the panels allows both the wall panels and the roof panels to be replaced if necessary without dismantling the rest of the building structure. For example, if necessary, a windowless wall or roof panel can be replaced with a windowed panel or vice versa. Also, if necessary, a closed wall panel can be replaced with a wall panel with a doorway and a door. In addition to the so-called blind or glass panel, the exterior of the building can also be changed with panels with an outer layer of different materials - sheet metal, boards, etc.

Ehitise pikendamine on samuti lihtsam-vundamenti saab jätkata vundamendimoodulitega ning pikendatud vundamendiosale paigaldatakse vertikaalsed tugipostid koos neid ülemises osas ühendavate sarikate paariga. Ehitise lühemaks tegemine on samuti lihtsam, kuna otsaseinas olevad paneelid saab kinnitada järgmistele alles jäävatele tugipostidele ja sarikate paarile. Põhimõtteliselt ei ole ehitise pikendamise osas piire. Samuti on ehitis laiendatav ka külgsuunas - sel puhul on küll vaja mõnda täiendavat detaili täiendusosa ühendamiseks ehitise põhiosaga, ent vundamendimoodulid, tugipostid, sarikad, otsaseina detailid, seinapaneelid ja katusepaneelid on mõlemal samad. Extending the building is also easier - the foundation can be continued with foundation modules, and vertical support posts are installed on the extended foundation section, with a pair of rafters connecting them at the top. Making the building shorter is also easier, as the panels in the end wall can be attached to the next remaining support posts and pair of rafters. In principle, there are no limits to the extent of extending the building. The building can also be extended laterally - in this case, some additional details are needed to connect the extension part to the main part of the building, but the foundation modules, support posts, rafters, end wall details, wall panels and roof panels are the same for both.

Kui algselt on ehitis kasutusel näiteks ajutise eluruumi või panipaigana (kuurina), milles on kasutusel põrandapaneelid, saab ehitise näiteks kasvuhooneks ümber konfigureerida põrandapaneelide eemaldamisega ning seina- ja katusepaneelide asendamisega aknaga paneelidega. If the building is initially used, for example, as a temporary dwelling or storage space (shed) with floor panels, the building can be reconfigured, for example, into a greenhouse by removing the floor panels and replacing the wall and roof panels with windowed panels.

Samuti saab ehitise sees vaheseina paigaldamisega ehitise sisemist ruumi jaotada ning tekitada seal jaotatud ruumide seina- ja katusepaneelide valikuga eri kasutusotstarbega ruumid, nagu näiteks akendeta panipaiga ning ühe või mitme aknaga seina ja katusepaneeliga tööriistakuuri osa. Samuti on ehitise ja selle siseruumi planeering vastavalt vajadusele hõlpsasti muudetav. Also, by installing a partition wall inside a building, the internal space of the building can be divided and, by selecting the wall and roof panels of the divided rooms, rooms with different uses can be created, such as a storage room without windows and a part of a tool shed with one or more windows and a wall and roof panel. The layout of the building and its internal space can also be easily changed as needed.

Otsaseintes on külgmiste tugipostide vahel täiendavad tugipostid seinapaneelide kinnitamiseks, ent nende ärajätmisel saab otsaseina paigaldada laiad garaažiuksed ning ehitist kasutada garaažina. The end walls have additional support posts between the side support posts for attaching the wall panels, but if they are omitted, wide garage doors can be installed in the end wall and the building can be used as a garage.

Leiutisekohane lahendus võimaldab modulaarset ehitist kasutada aiamaja, garaaži, ajutise eluruumi, tööruumi, metsaonni, kasvuhoone, laste mängumaja, tööriistakuuri ja panipaigana - loetelu ei ole ammendav. The solution according to the invention allows the modular building to be used as a garden house, garage, temporary living space, workspace, forest hut, greenhouse, children's playhouse, tool shed and storage space - the list is not exhaustive.

Kasutusotstarbe muutumisel tekkiv vajadus lisada aknaid, uksi ja vaheseinu on lihtsasti lahendatav - kuna nii seinapaneelid kui ka katusepaneelid on lihtsasti eemaldatavad, saab neid välja vahetada. Lisaks on need paneelid tehtud ka omavahel vahetatavatena. The need to add windows, doors and partitions when the purpose of use changes is easily solved - since both the wall panels and the roof panels are easily removable, they can be replaced. In addition, these panels are also made interchangeable.

Lisaks on leiutisekohane ehitis kokkumonteeritav ja hiljem modifitseeritav ilma eritööjõu kasutamise vajaduseta, st selleks ei ole vaja eriväljaõppega ehitajat. In addition, the building according to the invention can be assembled and later modified without the need for specialized labor, i.e., a specially trained builder is not required.

Illustratsioonide loetelu List of illustrations

Leiutist on järgnevalt kirjeldatud viidetega juuresolevatele skemaatilistele joonistele, kus: The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which:

joonisel fig 1 on kujutatud aksonomeetrilisel vaatel leiutisekohast modulaarset ehitist; Figure 1 shows an axonometric view of a modular building according to the invention;

joonisel fig 2 on kujutatud aksonomeetrilisel vaatel leiutisekohast modulaarset ehitist ilma seina- ja katusepaneelideta; Figure 2 shows an axonometric view of a modular building according to the invention without wall and roof panels;

joonisel fig 3 on kujutatud aksonomeetrilisel vaatel leiutisekohase modulaarse ehitise vundamendimoodulitest moodustatud vundamenti; Figure 3 shows an axonometric view of a foundation formed from foundation modules of a modular building according to the invention;

joonisel fig 4 on kujutatud aksonomeetrilisel vaatel joonisele fig 3 vastavat vundamenti, millele on paigaldatud põrandapaneelid; Figure 4 shows an axonometric view of the foundation according to Figure 3, on which floor panels are installed;

joonistel fig 5 kuni 7 on kujutatud joonistel fig 3 ja 4 vundamendi moodustamiseks kasutatud üksikut vundamendimoodulit vastavalt külg-, pealt- ja otsvaates; Figures 5 to 7 show a single foundation module used to form the foundation of Figures 3 and 4 in side, top and end views, respectively;

joonistel fig 8 kuni 10 on kujutatud vundamendi jätkamiseks või vaheseinte ladumiseks kasutatavat jätkamise vundamendimoodulit vastavalt külg-, pealt- ja otsvaates; Figures 8 to 10 show a continuation foundation module used for foundation continuation or partition wall construction in side, top and end views, respectively;

joonistel fig 11 kuni 14 on kujutatud leiutisekohase modulaarse ehitise seina- ja katusepaneele, kus joonistel fig 11 ja 12 on ilma avadeta paneel vastavalt pealtja külgvaates ning joonistel fig 13 ja 14 on aknaga paneel vastavalt pealtvaates ja pikilõikes; Figures 11 to 14 show wall and roof panels of a modular building according to the invention, where Figures 11 and 12 show a panel without openings in top and side views, respectively, and Figures 13 and 14 show a panel with windows in top and longitudinal section, respectively;

joonisel fig 15 on kujutatud modulaarse ehitise sõrestikuelementi, mis on moodustatud kahest tugipostist ning neid omavahel ühendavatest sarikate paarist; Figure 15 shows a truss element of a modular building, which is formed from two support posts and a pair of rafters connecting them;

joonisel fig 16 on kujutatud modulaarse ehitise lõiget kahe sõrestikuelemendi vahelt, koos seina- ja katusepaneelidega; Figure 16 shows a section of a modular building between two truss elements, with wall and roof panels;

joonisel fig 17 on kujutatud kohtvaatel lõikes tugiposti ja sarika ühendust koos seina- ja katusepaneeliga ning neid katvate katteplekkidega; Figure 17 shows a section view of the support post and rafter connection together with the wall and roof panels and the covering sheets covering them;

joonisel fig 18 on kujutatud kohtvaatel lõikes tugipostile kahe külgneva seinapaneeli kinnitamist. Figure 18 shows a sectional view of the attachment of two adjacent wall panels to a support post.

Selguse huvides on erinevatel joonistel samad detailid ja elemendid tähistatud samade viitenumbritega. For the sake of clarity, the same details and elements in different drawings are designated by the same reference numerals.

Joonistel fig 1 ja 2 on kujutatud modulaarset ehitist 1, mis sisaldab mitmest vundamendimoodulist 3 moodustatud pealtvaates nelinurkset vundamenti 2. Vundamendile 2 on ühtlase vahekaugusega kinnitatud mitu külgmist vertikaalset tugiposti 4. Vundamendi 2 vastaskülgedel on kahe vastamisi oleva tugiposti 4 ülemistele otstele kinnitatud ning otstest omavahel ühendatud paar sarikaid 5, mille tulemusena on moodustunud sõrestikuelemendid 6 - vt joonis fig 15. Figures 1 and 2 show a modular building 1, which includes a rectangular foundation 2 in plan view formed from several foundation modules 3. Several lateral vertical support posts 4 are attached to the foundation 2 at equal intervals. On opposite sides of the foundation 2, a pair of rafters 5 are attached to the upper ends of two opposing support posts 4 and connected to each other at the ends, as a result of which truss elements 6 are formed - see Figure 15.

Joonisel fig 1 kujutatud tugipostidel 4 ja sarikatel 5 asetsevad vastavalt seinapaneelid 7 ja katusepaneelid 8. Iga tugipost 4 on oma alumise otsaga jäigalt kinnitatud vundamendi 2 ühele vundamendimoodulile 3, kus iga seinapaneel 7 on monteeritud kahe külgneva tugiposti 4 välisküljele ning iga katusepaneel 8 on kinnitatud kahe külgneva sarika 5 välimisele küljele (joonis fig 16). Wall panels 7 and roof panels 8 are respectively placed on the supporting posts 4 and rafters 5 shown in Figure 1. Each supporting post 4 is rigidly attached with its lower end to one of the foundation modules 3 of the foundation 2, where each wall panel 7 is mounted on the outer side of two adjacent supporting posts 4 and each roof panel 8 is attached to the outer side of two adjacent rafters 5 (Figure 16).

Joonisel fig 2 on näidatud vundamendile 2 kinnitatud külgnevaid sõrestikuelemente 6. Nagu on jooniselt fig 2 näha, on otsmised sõrestikuelemendid 6 varustatud täiendavate tugipostidega 9 nendele seinapaneelide 7 paigaldamiseks. Figure 2 shows adjacent truss elements 6 attached to the foundation 2. As can be seen from Figure 2, the end truss elements 6 are provided with additional support posts 9 for mounting wall panels 7 thereon.

Samuti on modulaarse ehitise sisemuses üks sõrestikuelementidest varustatud täiendavate tugipostidega 9 vaheseina tarvis seinapaneelide paigaldamiseks. Otsaseinte seinapaneelide 7 kohal katuseharja kolmnurkses osas sarikate 5 vahel on kasutusel eraldi kolmnurksed ja kolmnurkse harjaosaga otsaseinapaneelid. Also, inside the modular building, one of the truss elements is equipped with additional support posts 9 for the installation of wall panels for the partition wall. Separate triangular and triangular ridge end wall panels are used above the wall panels 7 of the end walls in the triangular part of the ridge between the rafters 5.

Joonistel fig 5 kuni 7 kujutatud vundamendimoodulid 3 on moodustatud vastasotstes üksteisega kokkusobivate astmetega 10 ja 11. Iga vundamendimoodul 3 on ristlõikes ümberpööratud T-kujuline, st otsvaates joonisel fig 7 on vundamendimooduli 3 tallaosa 12 laiem kinnitusosast 13, kuhu kinnitatakse muuhulgas tugipostide 4 ja täiendavate tugipostide 9 otsad. Vundamendi 2 ladumisel järjestikuste vundamendimoodulite 3 astmed 10 ja 11 fikseeritakse kruvidega üksteise külge. Vundamendi 2 külgedel olevate vundamendimoodulite 3 vahele nende tallaosade 12 servale toetatakse põrandapaneelid 14 - vt joonis fig 16. The foundation modules 3 shown in Figures 5 to 7 are formed with steps 10 and 11 that fit together at opposite ends. Each foundation module 3 is inverted T-shaped in cross-section, i.e. in the end view in Figure 7, the base part 12 of the foundation module 3 is wider than the fastening part 13, to which, among other things, the ends of the support posts 4 and additional support posts 9 are fastened. When laying the foundation 2, the steps 10 and 11 of the successive foundation modules 3 are fixed to each other with screws. Floor panels 14 are supported on the edge of these base parts 12 between the foundation modules 3 on the sides of the foundation 2 - see Figure 16.

Vajadusel saab külgedel olevate vundamendimoodulite 3 vahele massiivsema If necessary, a more massive foundation can be placed between the 3 foundation modules on the sides.

vaheseina toetamiseks laduda kasutades vundamendimooduleid 3 ja joonistel fig 8 kuni 10 olevaid jätkamise vundamendimooduleid 15 vundamendi osa. Jätkamise vundamendimoodulid 15 on samuti kasutamiseks hiljem vundamendi jätkamiseks ja pikendamiseks, st otsmist vundamendi osa otsaseina all ei ole vaja vundamendi pikendamiseks demonteerida. Jätkamise vundamendimooduli 15 otsad on sümmeetrilised, st selle mõlemas otsas on aste 10 nagu vundamendimoodulil 3. to support the partition wall, using foundation modules 3 and the continuation foundation modules 15 shown in Figures 8 to 10. The continuation foundation modules 15 are also used later to continue and extend the foundation, i.e. the end under the end wall of the foundation part does not need to be dismantled to extend the foundation. The ends of the continuation foundation module 15 are symmetrical, i.e. it has a step 10 at both ends like the foundation module 3.

Vundamendimoodulite 3 ja jätkamise vundamendimoodulite 15 aste 11 on tehtud sellise kuju ja suurusega, et see on toetatav vundamendimoodulile 3 küljelt vundamendimooduli 3 tallaosa 12 peale - vt joonised fig 5 ja 8. The step 11 of the foundation modules 3 and the continuation foundation modules 15 is made in such a shape and size that it can be supported on the foundation module 3 from the side on the sole part 12 of the foundation module 3 - see Figures 5 and 8.

Sõrestikuelementides 6 on joonisel fig 15, 16 ja 17 kujutatud teostuses tugipostide 4 otsad sarikate 5 otstega ühendatud karkassidetailidega 16 ning sarikate 5 paar omavahel sarika karkassidetailiga 17. In the truss elements 6, in the embodiment shown in Figures 15, 16 and 17, the ends of the support posts 4 are connected to the ends of the rafters 5 by frame members 16, and the pairs of rafters 5 are connected to each other by a rafter frame member 17.

Tugipostide 4 alumised otsad on vundamendimooduli 3 kinnitusosale 13 kinnitatud kinnitusklambriga 18. The lower ends of the support posts 4 are attached to the mounting part 13 of the foundation module 3 with a mounting bracket 18.

Seina- ja katusepaneelide 7 ja 8 kinnitamiseks on igas tugipostis 4 ja sarikates 5 poldid 19 - vt joonised fig 16, 17, 18. Poldid 19 on paigutatud tugipostide 4 ja sarikate 5 laiuses nende keskele nii, et mõlemale poole polti 19 jääb piisavalt ruumi seina- ja katusepaneelide 7, 8 servade toetamiseks. Paigaldamisel jäävad poldid 19 kahe külgneva seina- või katusepaneeli 7, 8 servade vahele. Paigaldamisel katab kahe külgneva seina- või katusepaneeli 7, 8 servasid katteplekk 20. For fastening the wall and roof panels 7 and 8, there are bolts 19 in each support post 4 and rafters 5 - see figures 16, 17, 18. The bolts 19 are arranged in the middle of the support posts 4 and rafters 5 in such a way that there is enough space on both sides of the bolt 19 to support the edges of the wall and roof panels 7, 8. During installation, the bolts 19 remain between the edges of two adjacent wall or roof panels 7, 8. During installation, the edges of two adjacent wall or roof panels 7, 8 are covered by a cover plate 20.

Soojustatud ehitise puhul on kattepleki 20 all ka soojustusmaterjal, nagu näiteks mineraalvillast riba, samuti võib paneelide servade ja tugiposti 4 vahel olla tihendusriba, nagu on näha joonisel fig 18. Soojustusmaterjal pannakse ka paneelide vahele, nagu on näha joonisel fig 17, kus soojustusmaterjal on seinapaneeli 7 ja katusepaneeli 8 otste vahel. In the case of an insulated building, there is also an insulating material, such as a mineral wool strip, under the covering sheet 20, and there may also be a sealing strip between the edges of the panels and the support post 4, as seen in Figure 18. The insulating material is also placed between the panels, as seen in Figure 17, where the insulating material is between the ends of the wall panel 7 and the roof panel 8.

Et seinapaneelid 7 ja katusepaneelid 8 on pealtvaates nelinurksed ja valmistatud omavahel vahetatavatena, on joonistel fig 11 kuni 14 toodud paar näidet nende teostusest. Joonistel fig 11 ja 12 on näidatud ilma avadeta seinapaneel 7 ja katusepaneel 8 vastavalt pealt- ja külgvaates ning joonistel fig 13 ja 14 on aknaga seinapaneel 7 ja katusepaneel 8 vastavalt pealtvaates ja pikilõikes. Seinapaneelide 7 ja Since the wall panels 7 and the roof panels 8 are rectangular in plan view and are made interchangeable, a few examples of their implementation are given in Figures 11 to 14. Figures 11 and 12 show a wall panel 7 and a roof panel 8 without openings in plan and side views, respectively, and Figures 13 and 14 show a wall panel 7 and a roof panel 8 with a window in plan view and longitudinal section, respectively. The wall panels 7 and

katusepaneelide 8 materjalide osas ei ole piire, ent eelistatavalt paneelid on praktilisel kaalutlusel tehtud piisavalt kergetena, et üks või kaks inimest saaksid neid lihtsasti käsitseda ning ilma tõstemehhanismideta paigaldada. There are no limits to the materials used for the roof panels 8, but preferably, for practical reasons, the panels are made light enough so that one or two people can easily handle them and install them without lifting mechanisms.

Viitenumbrite loetelu List of reference numbers

1 modulaarne ehitis 1 modular building

2 vundament 2 foundation

3 vundamendimoodul 3 foundation module

4 tugipost 4 support posts

5 sarikas 5 rafters

6 sõrestikuelement 6 truss element

7 seinapaneel 7 wall panels

8 katusepaneel 8 roof panels

9 täiendav tugipost 9 additional support posts

10 aste 10 degrees

11 aste 11 degrees

12 tallaosa 12 sole parts

13 kinnitusosa 13 mounting parts

14 põrandapaneel 14 floor panel

15 jätkamise vundamendimoodul 15 resume foundation module

16 karkassidetail 16 frame details

17 sarika karkassidetail 17 rafter frame detail

18 kinnitusklamber 18 mounting bracket

19 polt 19 bolt

20 katteplekk 20 cover plate

Claims (11)

1. Modulaarne ehitis (1), mis sisaldab mitmest vundamendimoodulist (3) moodustatud pealtvaates nelinurkset vundamenti (2), mitut vundamendile (2) ühtlase vahekaugusega kinnitatud külgmist vertikaalset tugiposti (4), vundamendi (2) vastaskülgedel kahe vastamisi oleva tugiposti (4) ülemistele otstele kinnitatud ning otstest omavahel ühendatud sarikate (5) paari, tugipostidel (4) ja sarikatel (5) olevaid seinaja katusepaneele (7, 8), mis erineb selle poolest, et iga tugipost (4) on oma alumise otsaga jäigalt kinnitatud vundamendi (2) ühele vundamendimoodulile (3), kus iga seinapaneel (7) on monteeritud kahe külgneva tugiposti (4) välisküljele ning iga katusepaneel (8) on kinnitatud kahe külgneva sarika (5) välimisele küljele.1. A modular building (1) comprising a foundation (2) formed of several foundation modules (3) and having a rectangular top view, several lateral vertical support posts (4) fixed to the foundation (2) at equal intervals, a pair of rafters (5) fixed to the upper ends of two opposing support posts (4) on opposite sides of the foundation (2) and connected to each other at their ends, wall and roof panels (7, 8) on the support posts (4) and rafters (5), characterized in that each support post (4) is rigidly fixed with its lower end to one foundation module (3) of the foundation (2), where each wall panel (7) is mounted on the outer side of two adjacent support posts (4) and each roof panel (8) is fixed to the outer side of two adjacent rafters (5). 2. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt nõudluspunktile 1, mis erineb selle poolest , et iga vundamendimoodul (3) on ühe oma otsaga toetatud külgnevale vundamendimoodulile (3).2. Modular building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each foundation module (3) is supported at one end on an adjacent foundation module (3). 3. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt nõudluspunktile 2, mis erineb selle poolest, et iga vundamendimoodul (3) on ristlõikes ümberpööratud T-kujuline ja vundamendimooduli (3) mõlemas otsas on aste (10, 11).3. Modular building (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that each foundation module (3) is inverted T-shaped in cross-section and there is a step (10, 11) at both ends of the foundation module (3). 4. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest , et seinapaneelid (7) ja katusepaneelid (8) on ühesuguste mõõtmetega.4. A modular building (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the wall panels (7) and the roof panels (8) have the same dimensions. 5. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest , et modulaarne ehitis (1) sisaldab pealtvaates ristkülikulisi põrandapaneele (14), mis on oma otstega toetatud vundamendimoodulite (3) vahele vundamendimoodulite (3) servadele.5. A modular building (1) according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the modular building (1) comprises floor panels (14) which are rectangular in plan view and are supported with their ends between the foundation modules (3) on the edges of the foundation modules (3). 6. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest , et külgnevate seinapaneelide (7) ja katusepaneelide (8) liitekoht on kaetud katteplekiga (20).6. Modular building (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the joint between adjacent wall panels (7) and roof panels (8) is covered with a covering sheet (20). 7. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest, et vastamisi olevatele sarikatele (5) toetatud katusepaneelide (8) otsad on kaetud harjaplekiga.7. Modular building (1) according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the ends of the roof panels (8) supported on the opposing rafters (5) are covered with ridge tiles. 8. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest, et sarikad (5) on tugipostide (4) ülemistele otstele kinnitatud karkassidetailidega (16).8. Modular building (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the rafters (5) are attached to the upper ends of the support posts (4) by frame members (16). 9. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest, et vastamisi olevad sarikad (5) on harjaosas omavahel otstest ühendatud sarikate karkassidetailidega (17).9. Modular building (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opposing rafters (5) are connected to each other at the ends in the ridge section by rafter frame members (17). 10. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile, mis erineb selle poolest, et tugipostid (4) ja sarikad (5) on moodustatud puitprussidest.10. Modular building (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the supporting posts (4) and rafters (5) are formed from wooden beams. 11. Modulaarne ehitis (1) vastavalt mistahes eelnevale nõudluspunktile 1 kuni 9, mis erineb selle poolest, et tugipostid (4) ja sarikad (5) on valmistatud metallist.11. Modular building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the supporting posts (4) and rafters (5) are made of metal.
EEU202400006U 2024-02-06 2024-02-06 Modular building EE01647U1 (en)

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EP1270834A1 (en) * 2001-06-25 2003-01-02 Ulrich Trettenbacher Construction kit for a parrallelepipedic house unit to be erected in particular in case of a disaster
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US3310917A (en) * 1964-04-13 1967-03-28 Sam A Simon Building construction and modular panels therefor
US4328651A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-05-11 American Beverage Machinery, Inc. Precast concrete constructions
KR20050039399A (en) * 2003-10-25 2005-04-29 강원산업(주) Portable type concrete assembly building
US20130305629A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-11-21 Qube Building Systems Inc Modular Building System
US20190032328A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 RAD Urban, Inc. Prefabricated modular buildings

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