EE01657U1 - Sauna stove - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a sauna stove that includes a stepped ceiling arranged in the upper part of the combustion chamber 10, which is formed from a stepped plate 14 containing secondary air openings 15 and a ceiling plate 8 located above it. The stepped ceiling ensures sufficiently good mixing of combustion air and flue gases, reducing the amount of harmful emissions and helping to achieve a clean combustion process with high efficiency.

Description

 Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of structural elements for heating stoves. The main area of application is saunas, i.e. it concerns a sauna stove. More specifically, the invention concerns the air intake of a sauna stove.

State of the art

Various sauna stoves are known from the state of the art, which are mostly characterized by the fact that combustion air is taken from the bottom of the sauna stove through a hatch located near the ash drawer and the combustion process also takes place there. However, this does not allow the fuel material (for example, firewood) to burn completely. A complete, 100% efficient combustion process means that all the combustible material found in the firewood is converted into heat, CO2 and water vapor. An incomplete combustion process, however, means that some of the carbon and hydrogen remain unburned and harmful particles are formed, which are emitted into the air through the chimney and which cause air pollution in the environment. The aim of the invention is to minimize the emissions of harmful flue gases and soot particles and to use combustion air more efficiently in the sauna stove.

There are various sauna stoves in the state of the art, where the combustion process is solved by means of pipes located in the upper part of the sauna stove. In the case of these sauna stoves, the combustion air is guided into the combustion chamber from above through pipes, and a ceramic ceiling tile is often placed on top of the pipes. However, guiding the combustion air through pipes does not create such a good complete combustion effect, and in addition, the solution with pipes is more expensive in terms of production.

The closest solution is described in the Estonian utility model document EE 01533 U1. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the amount of flue gases and ash particles released into the environment. EE 01533 U1 describes a sauna stove that includes a bottom, a damper, a back wall, air openings, an ash drawer, a door, a combustion chamber, cleaning hatches, and a chimney foot. The secondary pressure required for combustion is directed to the upper part of the sauna stove by means of secondary air pipes, and the primary pressure is directed to the combustion chamber through the ash drawer and through the additional plates used. In the case of this solution, there is no

The complete combustion effect is as high as in the case of the present invention, because there is no stepped ceiling in the upper part of the combustion chamber, which ensures good mixing of combustion air and flue gases.

The essence of the invention

The aim of the invention is a clean and complete combustion process of firewood in a sauna stove. This is achieved by means of a stepped ceiling located in the upper part of the combustion chamber. The stepped ceiling creates good mixing of combustion air and flue gases, due to which the emission of fine soot particles and carbon monoxides (СО) and nitrogen monoxides (NO) in flue gases is very low and this at a high efficiency (efficient oxygen use). A high content of nitrogen monoxides and carbon monoxides in flue gases is one of the signs of incomplete combustion and they are pollutants when released into the environment.

The sauna stove includes a bottom, a damper located under the combustion chamber at the bottom of the sauna stove, an ash drawer located in the lower part of the sauna stove, a front wall, a door, a combustion chamber and a rear wall located therein, primary air openings located in the rear wall of the combustion chamber, an air duct located in the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a ceiling plate located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, afterburning chambers located in the upper part of the sauna stove, cleaning hatches, a chimney foot, and a stepped ceiling located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, which is formed by a stepped plate containing secondary air openings and a ceiling plate located above it.

In addition to storing ash, the ash drawer is also intended for the movement of primary air during the firewood ignition phase (and eventually also during the coal combustion phase, if necessary). In the main heating and combustion mode, the ash drawer is closed. To allow primary air to enter the combustion chamber after the firewood has been ignited, a damper is located at the bottom of the sauna stove and an air duct is located on the rear wall of the combustion chamber. There are primary air openings in the rear wall of the combustion chamber, which are intended for the primary air necessary for the combustion of firewood to enter the combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber has a stepped ceiling, consisting of a stepped plate and a ceiling plate. Secondary pressure moves between the stepped plate and the ceiling plate above it.

The stepped plate has secondary air openings designed to allow secondary air to flow into the combustion chamber.

An air duct is also provided between the stepped ceiling and the afterburner chamber, at the end of the stepped plate, for the movement of combustion air and flue gases into the afterburner chamber. Flue gases and preheated combustion air exit the combustion chamber from the end of the stepped plate facing the sauna stove door through the air duct and then move into the afterburner chamber, where additional combustion takes place, which is important for the complete combustion of waste materials.

The secondary air vents in the stepped plate and the primary air vents in the rear wall are designed to evenly distribute combustion air throughout the combustion chamber. The stepped ceiling ensures that the combustion air and flue gases required for burning firewood mix well enough, and a clean combustion process with high efficiency can be achieved with very low emissions of harmful substances.

List of illustrations

The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which

Figure 1 is a general view of a sauna stove;

Figure 2 is a section of a sauna stove showing the arrangement of structural elements and the movement of combustion air;

Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the interior of the sauna stove;

Figure 4 is a cross-section of a stepped ceiling;

Figure 5 shows a stepped ceiling in axonometry.

Example of carrying out the invention

Figures 1 and 2 show a sauna stove, which includes a bottom 1, a damper 2, a rear wall 3, primary air openings 4, a front wall 5, an ash drawer 6, a door 7, a ceiling plate 8, an air duct 9, a combustion chamber 10, an afterburner chamber 11, a cleaning hatch 12, a chimney foot 13, a stepped plate 14, and secondary air openings 15.

Under the bottom 1 of the sauna stove is a damper 2, which is intended for regulating the intensity of combustion. From there, the primary pressure moves up along the air duct 9 located in the rear wall 3 of the combustion chamber. In the rear wall 3 of the combustion chamber 10, there are primary air openings 4, which are intended mainly for supplying primary air to the combustion chamber. The secondary air openings 15 in the stepped plate 14 are intended for supplying secondary air to the combustion chamber. The primary and secondary combustion processes take place in the combustion chamber.

The most important additional element of the sauna stove, the stepped ceiling, consists of a laser-cut and bent stepped plate 14 made of stainless sheet metal and a ceiling plate 8 located above it. The stepped plate 14 and the ceiling plate 8 are joined together by welding. A partially closed chamber is created between the stepped plate 14 and the ceiling plate 8. It is connected to the air duct in the rear wall of the combustion chamber, from where the secondary combustion air moves between the stepped plate 14 and the ceiling plate 8 located above it and from there through the secondary air openings 15 located in the stepped plate 14 into the combustion chamber 10. The flue gases and combustion air exit the combustion chamber 10 into the afterburning chamber 11 through the air duct located at the end of the stepped plate 14 on the side of the sauna stove door 7 between the stepped ceiling and the afterburning chamber 11.

The sauna stove includes an afterburner chamber 11, which is intended for additional combustion. From the afterburner chamber, the flue gases move to the uppermost part of the sauna stove, where they cool down. The flue gases exit through the chimney base 13.

All parts of the sauna stove, except for the stepped plate 14, shown in Figures 4 and 5, are made of carbon steel. The stepped plate 14 is made of stainless steel.

The ceiling allows combustion air to be supplied to a wide combustion area. The stepped ceiling creates vortices and very efficient use of combustion air (high efficiency) while at the same time producing very low emissions of harmful flue gases and soot particles. The stepped ceiling, located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, plays the most decisive role in the cleanliness of the combustion process.

List of symbols

1 - bottom

2 - choke

3 - back wall

4 - primary air vents

5 - front wall

6 - ash drawer

7 - door

8 - ceiling plate

9 - air duct

10 - combustion chamber

11 - afterburner chamber

12 - cleaning hatches

13 - chimney leg

14 - stepped plate

15 - secondary air vents

Claims (3)

1. A sauna stove, comprising a bottom (1), a damper (2) located under the combustion chamber at the bottom of the sauna stove, an ash drawer (6) located in the lower part of the sauna stove, a front wall (5), a door (7), a combustion chamber (10) and a rear wall (3) located therein, primary air openings (4) located in the rear wall (3) of the combustion chamber (10), an air duct (9) located in the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a ceiling plate (8) located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, afterburning chambers (11) located in the upper part of the sauna stove, cleaning hatches (12) and a chimney foot (13) and secondary air openings (15), characterized in that a stepped ceiling is arranged in the upper part of the combustion chamber (10), which is formed of a stepped plate (14) containing secondary air openings (15) and a ceiling plate (8) located above it. 2. Sauna stove according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the stepped plate (14) is made of stainless steel. 3. A sauna heater according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the stepped plate (14) and the ceiling plate (8) are joined together by welding.