EP0000687A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse pour des installations de filtration - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse pour des installations de filtration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000687A1
EP0000687A1 EP78810003A EP78810003A EP0000687A1 EP 0000687 A1 EP0000687 A1 EP 0000687A1 EP 78810003 A EP78810003 A EP 78810003A EP 78810003 A EP78810003 A EP 78810003A EP 0000687 A1 EP0000687 A1 EP 0000687A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
plastic
membrane
aligned
resins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78810003A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0000687B1 (fr
Inventor
Ludwig Proelss
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Kilcher-Chemie AG
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Kilcher-Chemie AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0000687A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000687A1/fr
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Publication of EP0000687B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000687B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
    • B01D67/003—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a microporous membrane for filtration systems, fine particles which are insoluble therein are mixed in and aligned in a plastic or plastic pre-product and released after reaching the final position.
  • Such membranes can be used for ultrafiltration of aqueous media, for reverse osmosis and for dialysis.
  • Ultrafiltration is generally understood to mean the removal of colloidal particles under moderate excess pressure, while reverse osmosis is understood to mean the task of separating or concentrating significantly smaller, namely really dissolved, particles from the solvent under high pressure.
  • Previously known high-performance membranes consist predominantly of an asymmetrically constructed, porous layer of plastic, such as cellulose acetate, polyamite, polyacrylonitrile, etc. They are produced by pouring out complex plastic solutions into a layer, and by evaporation or precipitation, a smooth, narrow-pored "active" top is achieved and forms the layer immediately below it by coagulation with suitable media to form a relatively large-pored support layer.
  • plastic such as cellulose acetate, polyamite, polyacrylonitrile, etc.
  • Such membranes currently have a high level of development.
  • the number of polymers that are suitable for producing asymmetric membranes is limited. The manufacturer is therefore not necessarily able to provide a membrane substance that can be the desired chemical resistance, wettability and mechanical properties would best suit the intended purpose.
  • filter layers are known which are produced by limited sintering (firing) of metal-ceramic, carbon or plastic powders.
  • the side facing the filter material is also provided with a fine-pored sintered or precoat layer (so-called composite membranes).
  • the flow line of an imaginary liquid particle through the separation layer is highly branched, which creates a high volume resistance.
  • DE-OS 2 133 848 discloses a process for producing a porous polytetrafluoroethylene tape, in which metal or glass fibers are mixed with a plastic and formed into an ingot by pressure, as a result of which the fiber is aligned perpendicular to the direction of pressure, that is to say radially. Peeling produces a thin film in which the fibers are essentially perpendicular to the film surface are aligned, which are then rinsed out.
  • the peeling phase in particular is quite difficult to carry out and is too expensive for industrial production of the microporous membrane mentioned at the beginning.
  • the method that solves this problem is characterized in that the particles which are insoluble in the plastic or plastic product are aligned perpendicular to the membrane surface when introduced into the pores of a coarse-porous support membrane in the liquid state.
  • the intended plastic is dry, by extruder, mixing mill, or wet, by stirring in plastic solutions or in low molecular plastic precursors, fine powdery solid particles in high concentration puts. You will then be prompted to form the structure as long as the plastic part is still plastic or flowable. The plastic is then brought into its final shape, hardened and the particle content removed by etching or dissolving.
  • cavities filled with air or water remain at the original location of the particles, which are connected to one another by spherical caps and, due to the orientation process, pass through the membrane in a channel-like manner. They are more or less perpendicular to the surface of the membrane.
  • a film remains after the extraction with a structure that is due to the hexagonally sealed spherical packing is shaped and resembles an open-celled foam foam film under the microscope.
  • This film can be called a reverse sintered layer because the structure is similar to that of a sintered plate, with the difference that instead of the solid particles present there are uniform cavities, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the particles can be finely ground, water-soluble salts. However, these are usually too soft and therefore have a too wide particle size and thus pore width spectrum. As a result, the resulting membranes are insufficient for the aforementioned applications.
  • silicon dioxide aluminum oxide or titanium dioxide.
  • These substances are finely dispersed with approximately spherical particles, narrow grain size distribution, available in defined grain sizes and extractable by hydrofluoric acid.
  • other particles (fillers) produced by precipitation or grinding can also be used. Ferromagnetic fillers such as iron oxide II / III, iron powder, nickel powder, chromium II / III oxide are of particular importance.
  • the desired capillary structures are formed by laminar flow processes in the relatively large-pored cavities, which are later etched out.
  • the structurally viscous (pseudoplastic) behavior of the coating material is important so that the pearl chain structure that forms when pressed in is retained even during the closing drying process. Subsequent etching with another agent makes it possible to expand, smooth and bring the diameter of the capillaries to a desired size, FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • An agent is flushed under pressure through the membrane, which is capable of eroding the plastic.
  • a certain flow velocity during the etching process is essential.
  • the protruding, sharp-edged, thin-walled bladder edges are preferably removed, and laminar flow structures are formed. Better flow performance with only a slightly enlarged pore diameter.
  • a plastic mass containing ferro- or paramagnetic particles is subjected to a magnetic field in such a way that its lines of force are perpendicular to the membrane surface, the particles orient themselves under one lacing to capillary structures. If the magnetic field is maintained during the hardening process, these structures remain.
  • Some of the methods for structure formation described here can also be combined, for example flow etching and coating flow line formation.
  • the paste is spread with a metal squeegee on a Teflon base to a 0.3 mm thick layer and allowed to dry. In this way, a 0.07 mm thick, flexible, silky, opaque film is obtained, which can be easily removed from the base. It is then extracted with 40% hydrofluoric acid for two hours and rinsed with distilled water. The finished membrane is crystal clear, transparent and tough and flexible when wet. In the air, it immediately becomes milky and opaque. To determine the filtration performance, it is clamped in a commercially available filtration device by a sintered metal support plate. It provides water passage at 20 0 3.0 cm3 / cm 2 / hour / bar.
  • Example 1 The membrane produced according to Example 1 is rinsed for one hour at 20 ° with 10% aqueous chromic acid. It is then washed with distilled water and the filtration performance is determined. 5.2 - 5.5 cm 3 / cm 2 / hour / bar at 20 ° will now pass through the membrane. The behavior towards red gold sol and methylene blue solution remains unchanged compared to example 1.
  • the PVC paste produced according to Example 1 is applied to a commercially available polyethylene sintered plate with a pore size of 0.04 mm and completely scraped off with a metal doctor blade. The cavities adjacent to the surface are completely filled with the paste.
  • the carrier plate is then dried and the doctoring process repeated three times.
  • the carrier plate is checked with methylene blue solution in the filtering device before etching. In order to be able to check the depth of penetration of the paste better, it is advisable to rub it beforehand with a little pigment (e.g. copper phthalocyanine blue). Then, as described above, the pores are exposed by etching with 40% hydrofluoric acid for two hours.
  • the ready-to-use support layer now consists of, for example, a 2 mm thick support layer made of porous polyethylene and a one-sided, firmly anchored fine filtration layer of 0.04 - 0.07 mm thickness.
  • the surface of the fine filtration layer consists of 50 - 60% of dense polyethylene particles and 50 - 40% of the actual filter mass. Their filtration performance against distilled water at 20 0 6.3 to 6.7 cm 3 / cm 2 /Std./bar.
  • the crimson gold sol is completely filtered off.
  • Nickel wire with a thickness of 40 micrometers is processed into a fibrous powder with an average stack length of 0.3 mm.
  • the layer is placed on the face of the above-mentioned bar magnet (with the particles standing upright) and left to dry at 50 ° for several hours.
  • the velvet-like film obtained in this way is removed from the base and is first freed from the outer solid polymer layer by pickling with 20% chromic acid. Then, as described above, the particle fraction is removed with hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
  • the throughput was approximately 50,000 cm 3 water / cm 2 / hour / bar.
  • the velvety layer can be easily separated from the metal plate by placing it in water containing wetting agent.
  • the pores are completely exposed after exposure to 40% hydrofluoric acid for two hours.
  • the membrane shows completely uniform, equally large pores with a meniscus-shaped collar.
  • a flow rate of approximately 1,200 cm 3 / cm 2 / hour / bar was obtained.
  • the starting material for the hollow fibers is a borosilicate glass tube of 7 mm outside and 0.4 mm inside diameter used for the production of so-called full glass thermometers. It is inserted vertically into a ceramic tube heated to 1,400 ° with an inner diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm and drawn off downwards as an endless hollow fiber over rubber squeeze rollers. Fibers with a constant cross-section of 25 micrometers and a light width of approximately 1.5 micrometers can be achieved relatively easily. They are transferred into hollow fiber meal of about 0.5 mm stack length. This flour is stored isothermally in a thin layer in a desiccator at 80 ° above high-boiling kerosene fraction. The result is that the capillaries fill with kerosene and are not blocked by the polymer solution during the subsequent flocking process.
  • the hollow fiber flour is introduced as described in Example 6 in 25% phenoxy resin solution in dimethylformamide (0.4 mm thick layer), dried, annealed at 90 ° for several hours and then the capillary orifices are exposed by pickling with 20% chromic acid.
  • a velvety glossy film of approximately 0.15 mm thick and with approximately 0.5 mm long capillaries embedded upright is obtained.
  • the flow rate is about 350 cm 3 / cm2 / hour / bar.
  • the membrane can be hot sterilized at 150 ° without changing its flow behavior.
  • Suitable particles are pyrogenic silicon dioxide as well as aluminum dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and water-precipitated particles of aluminum hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide and zirconium hydroxide, with a grain size maximum of 7 nm - 50 nm.
  • Usable magnetizable particles can be made of magnetite, iron sulfide, iron oxide, chromite and iron-nickel-cobalt metal or from Heusler's alloys.
  • Precursors of epoxy resins, acrylic resins, phenol formaldehyde resins, silicone resins, polyester resins and the polymers PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), PAN mixed polymers, polyamides, phenoxy resins and polyphenyl sulfone can be used as binders.
  • the membrane produced by the above method can have any shape, that is to say it can be in the form of a flat layer or tubular or pot-shaped.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
EP78810003A 1977-07-15 1978-06-20 Procédé pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse pour des installations de filtration Expired EP0000687B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH876577A CH625966A5 (fr) 1977-07-15 1977-07-15
CH8765/77 1977-07-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000687A1 true EP0000687A1 (fr) 1979-02-07
EP0000687B1 EP0000687B1 (fr) 1981-09-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78810003A Expired EP0000687B1 (fr) 1977-07-15 1978-06-20 Procédé pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse pour des installations de filtration

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US4177228A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000687B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5420970A (fr)
AU (1) AU3754678A (fr)
CA (1) CA1107922A (fr)
CH (1) CH625966A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2861072D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK293578A (fr)
ES (1) ES471714A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI782208A7 (fr)
GR (1) GR64587B (fr)
IL (1) IL55011A (fr)
IT (1) IT1097184B (fr)
NO (1) NO782448L (fr)
PT (1) PT68212A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA783619B (fr)

Cited By (2)

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FR2445030A1 (fr) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-18 Dol Honore Membrane semi-permeable, son procede de preparation et son application aux piles et accumulateurs
FR2770150A1 (fr) * 1997-10-29 1999-04-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique Membranes creuses a tubes capillaires, modules de traitement de fluide les utilisant et leurs procedes de fabrication

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US5985164A (en) * 1994-03-07 1999-11-16 Regents Of The University Of California Method for forming a filter
US5798042A (en) * 1994-03-07 1998-08-25 Regents Of The University Of California Microfabricated filter with specially constructed channel walls, and containment well and capsule constructed with such filters
US5651900A (en) * 1994-03-07 1997-07-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Microfabricated particle filter
US5770076A (en) * 1994-03-07 1998-06-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Micromachined capsules having porous membranes and bulk supports
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JP2001298791A (ja) * 2000-04-13 2001-10-26 Sony Corp スピーカ及びその製造方法
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CN103801198B (zh) * 2012-11-10 2017-04-26 王梦川 分离液体中不同组分的设备
US9518214B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-12-13 Preferred Technology, Llc Proppant with polyurea-type coating
US9444030B2 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-09-13 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Nanoporous piezoelectric polymer films for mechanical energy harvesting
US10100247B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2018-10-16 Preferred Technology, Llc Proppant with enhanced interparticle bonding
US9764292B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2017-09-19 Pall Corporation Porous polymeric membrane with high void volume
US9610548B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2017-04-04 Pall Corporation Composite porous polymeric membrane with high void volume
US9302228B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2016-04-05 Pall Corporation Charged porous polymeric membrane with high void volume
US20150246320A1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Pall Corporation Porous polymeric membrane with high void volume
US9737860B2 (en) * 2014-02-28 2017-08-22 Pall Corporation Hollow fiber membrane having hexagonal voids
US9446355B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2016-09-20 Pall Corporation Porous polymeric membrane with high void volume
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US9790422B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2017-10-17 Preferred Technology, Llc Proppant mixtures
US9862881B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2018-01-09 Preferred Technology, Llc Hydrophobic coating of particulates for enhanced well productivity
WO2016183313A1 (fr) 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 Preferred Technology, Llc Agents de soutènement à haute performance
US10629800B2 (en) 2016-08-05 2020-04-21 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Flexible compact nanogenerators based on mechanoradical-forming porous polymer films
US11208591B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2021-12-28 Preferred Technology, Llc Hydrophobic coating of particulates for enhanced well productivity
US10696896B2 (en) 2016-11-28 2020-06-30 Prefferred Technology, Llc Durable coatings and uses thereof
CN108261929B (zh) * 2016-12-29 2021-04-02 湖南尔康明胶有限公司 一种明胶薄膜的制备方法
US12330186B2 (en) 2017-11-02 2025-06-17 Preferred Technology, Llc Continuous mixers and methods of using the same
CN109876677A (zh) * 2019-04-16 2019-06-14 济宁安瑞生物科技有限公司 一种香兰素耐溶剂复合纳滤膜及其制备方法和用途
CN115105975B (zh) * 2022-04-28 2024-07-23 西安建筑科技大学 聚电解质夹心磁响应式聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜及制备方法
JP2024030266A (ja) * 2022-08-24 2024-03-07 東京応化工業株式会社 多孔質膜
CN115178105A (zh) * 2022-08-25 2022-10-14 中国矿业大学 一种生物驻极体在聚乳酸纳米纤维表面均分布的长效过滤膜及其制备方法

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2445030A1 (fr) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-18 Dol Honore Membrane semi-permeable, son procede de preparation et son application aux piles et accumulateurs
FR2770150A1 (fr) * 1997-10-29 1999-04-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique Membranes creuses a tubes capillaires, modules de traitement de fluide les utilisant et leurs procedes de fabrication
WO1999021643A1 (fr) * 1997-10-29 1999-05-06 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Membranes creuses a tubes capillaires, modules de traitement de fluide les utilisant et leurs procedes de fabrication
US6258271B1 (en) 1997-10-29 2001-07-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Hollow membranes with capillary tubes
US6649058B1 (en) 1997-10-29 2003-11-18 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Hollow membranes with capillary tubes, fluid treatment modules that use them and methods of manufacturing them
US7189321B2 (en) 1997-10-29 2007-03-13 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Fluid treatment module having hollow membranes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES471714A1 (es) 1979-02-01
FI782208A7 (fi) 1979-01-16
ZA783619B (en) 1979-06-27
IT1097184B (it) 1985-08-26
CA1107922A (fr) 1981-09-01
IT7825737A0 (it) 1978-07-14
IL55011A (en) 1981-05-20
AU3754678A (en) 1980-01-03
PT68212A (de) 1978-07-01
GR64587B (en) 1980-04-18
EP0000687B1 (fr) 1981-09-16
NO782448L (no) 1979-01-16
DK293578A (da) 1979-01-16
US4177228A (en) 1979-12-04
JPS5420970A (en) 1979-02-16
CH625966A5 (fr) 1981-10-30
IL55011A0 (en) 1978-08-31
DE2861072D1 (en) 1981-12-03

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