Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • B29D99/0003—Producing profiled members, e.g. beams
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
  • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
  • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
  • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
  • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
  • B29C70/207—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
  • C08J5/247—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using fibres of at least two types
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
  • F16L9/16—Rigid pipes wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement

Definitions

• the processes differ in the type of impregnation, the shape and the hardening.
• nozzle constructions made of high-quality tool steels are customary, which are heated with steam, oil or electrically and whose sliding surfaces to reduce friction and wear are often coated surface layers, e.g. B. hard chrome plating.
• Such shaping tools relatively difficult profiles can be produced. It has been shown in practice that the use of such complex tools requires a very precise coordination of all system components. A number of reactive resins can e.g. B. because of their reactivity or due to the frictional conditions, despite the use of release agents, the large nozzle lengths required for precise shaping are not to be used.
• the invention relates to a method for producing profiles from fiber composite materials, which is characterized in that strands of fiber materials impregnated continuously with liquid reactive resins immediately after impregnation or in the area of a pre curing section with stretched and / or pre-oriented and / or textured organic fibers or monofilaments or mixtures of organic and inorganic fibers or monofilaments wrapped or braided and cured in a subsequent curing section.
• fiber materials are used in a conventional manner, e.g. B. impregnated in a drinking bath with a liquid reactive resin, the resin content being adjusted by means of nozzles, rollers or similar devices which correspond to the prior art.
• the wrapping of the impregnated fiber material according to the invention with the suitable fiber materials after the impregnation can be carried out immediately after the fiber strands have left the impregnation bath. In some cases it is also advantageous to carry out the wrapping only after a pre-curing process - but always in the liquid phase of the reactive resin.
• the actual hardening takes place in the usual way, for. B. by convective heat transfer, heat radiation or by microwaves in a heating channel.
• conventional winding machines are suitable, e.g. B. diagonal winding machines such as those used for the production of reinforced hoses, or machines which are used for the production of insulation in the winding or braiding process.
• B. diagonal winding machines such as those used for the production of reinforced hoses, or machines which are used for the production of insulation in the winding or braiding process.
• machines for wrapping wires e.g. guitar strings
• strings e.g. guitar strings
• the impregnated fiber material can be wrapped in the form of circumferential windings with a small pitch. Screw windings with gradients that can be set within wide limits are also possible. Another type of wrapping is the application of diagonal (cross) windings. Common braiding processes are also suitable for applying the organic fibers to the impregnated fiber strands.
• An essential feature of the method according to the invention is that by wrapping with stretched or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers, in contrast to wrapping with inorganic fibers, profiles with exact circular cross sections without using a shaping unit, e.g. B. a shaping nozzle can be generated.
• microwave curing is particularly advantageously possible, since the impregnated fiber strands can absorb the radiation without weakening over relatively long distances.
• inorganic fibers can also be applied as additional reinforcements, or fiber mixtures of organic and inorganic fibers for additional reinforcement of the fiber composite materials.
• the shaping effect achieved by wrapping the impregnated fiber materials with stretched and / or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers or monofilaments is based, in addition to a uniform application of the winding, in particular on the fact that during the pre-hardening or hardening process, shrinkage forces are released, Degree of stretching and / or pre-orientation and / or texturing and the geometric arrangement of the organic fibers can be determined.
• the organic fibers are selected so that the shrinkage forces take effect before the gel phase of the reaction resin used is reached.
• the shrinkage forces occurring depend not only on the type of fiber material used, but also on the proportion (coverage) and on the degree of stretching and / or the pre-orientation as well as on the geometric arrangement of the organic fibers on the profile to be wrapped.
• the shrinking forces of the organic fibers can also be used specifically to achieve high fiber contents with an almost ideal longitudinal orientation of the reinforcing fibers and to air-free profiles that have a largely homogeneous fiber distribution. This results in significant increases in module and strength of the profile with significantly improved reproducibility of these values. In processes with external shaping, such fiber contents and strengths and orientations cannot be achieved due to the frictional forces that occur.
• the strength transverse to the longitudinal direction of the profile is particularly significantly improved in the case of predominantly unidirectionally reinforced profiles.
• the notch sensitivity of the profiles produced in this way is significantly reduced by the wrapping with organic fibers.
• the method according to the invention also makes it possible to impregnate several individual strands with different impregnation properties, to combine them by wrapping them, and to harden them into a uniform fiber composite material.
• a uniform fiber composite material is obtained in that the shrinkage forces released during the hardening process combine the individual fiber strands into a profile with a homogeneous fiber distribution, but different mstrix work.
• the resin excess generated on the profile surface by the shrinking forces of the stretched or pre-oriented and / or textured organic fibers can serve, as already described, for the complete impregnation of further fiber materials.
• decorative profiles can be created by using differently colored fiber materials as well as profiled surfaces.
• the type, proportion, degree of stretch and geometric orientation of the organic fibers can be used to adjust the excess resin such that additionally applied fiber materials are only partially impregnated.
• an improved bond adhesion z. B. when embedding the profiles in thermoplastics.
• the wrapping material is selected as similar as possible to the thermoplastic used.
• inorganic fibers such. B. glass fibers result from the effects described particularly favorable conditions when introducing tensile forces z. B. in force introduction elements through the increased profile surface, which is obtained both with a profile and with incompletely impregnated fibers.
• the claimed method is suitable for fiber composites made of glass fibers, organic fibers, carbon fibers and metal fibers.
• the fibers can e.g. B. in the form of fiber strands such as yarns, filament yarns, twists, rovings and spun threads etc. or as a textile fabric and / or as a fiber mat.
• Suitable matrix materials are e.g. B. reactive resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, novolak resins, polybismaleinimides or cyanate resins, the heat of which in the curing process or the curing temperatures exceed values at which the organic fibers used shrink.
• reactive resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, novolak resins, polybismaleinimides or cyanate resins, the heat of which in the curing process or the curing temperatures exceed values at which the organic fibers used shrink.
• the shrinking temperature of the organic fibers depends on the starting polymer and the conditions during fiber production and stretching or texturing.
• a suitable organic fiber must be selected according to the curing conditions of the matrix material used, as already described.
• Profiles which are produced by the method according to the invention are suitable with their homogeneous fiber arrangement, the high fiber contents and their freedom from Cavities and similar imperfections as well as with their resin-rich or their pure resin surfaces due to their strengths for the reinforcement of concrete as tension wires or tensioning ropes, whereby the improved possibilities for force application, the reduced notch sensitivity and the increased transverse strength mainly benefit from unidirectionally reinforced profiles.
• a particular advantage when used outdoors is the high weather resistance of the profiles thanks to their pure resin surface.
• glass fiber strands were impregnated with polyester resin and, after leaving the impregnation bath with an outlet nozzle of 10 mm ⁇ , wrapped with e-glass spun threads of 3100 dtex and polyester (PETP) filament yarn consisting of 34 individual filaments with a total denier of 167 dtex and one (Stretch) aspect ratio of 1: 4 in equal proportions.
• PETP polyethylene glycol
• the cover was made by screw windings with a pitch
• Example 1 carbon fiber strands were soaked in a resin bath and the fiber content was adjusted in a rectangular nozzle with a cross section of 20 ⁇ 2 mm. After the fiber bundle emerged from the nozzle, the fiber strand was wrapped with a cross winding at ⁇ 75 ° to the longitudinal axis of the rod with Perlongarn consisting of 18 individual filaments and a total titer of 67 dtex stretch ratio 1: 2.8 with a coverage of about 30% and after a pre-hardening stretch calibrated by three pairs of rollers, the profile was covered on both sides with siliconized paper, and then hardened. A profile with a smooth surface and rounded edges was obtained. It showed thickness fluctuations of 2% along the length, the profile surfaces were parallel to each other. The profile was completely free of longitudinal cracks.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

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Citations (6)

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• 1977
  • 1977-08-06 DE DE19772735538 patent/DE2735538A1/de active Granted
• 1978
  • 1978-07-26 EP EP78100512A patent/EP0000734B2/fr not_active Expired
  • 1978-07-26 DE DE7878100512T patent/DE2860070D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1978-08-04 IT IT50602/78A patent/IT1105395B/it active
  • 1978-08-04 JP JP9470078A patent/JPS5429376A/ja active Granted
• 1986
  • 1986-09-22 US US06/909,603 patent/US5047104A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (6)

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