EP0002994A2 - Metalleiter - Google Patents

Metalleiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0002994A2
EP0002994A2 EP78400262A EP78400262A EP0002994A2 EP 0002994 A2 EP0002994 A2 EP 0002994A2 EP 78400262 A EP78400262 A EP 78400262A EP 78400262 A EP78400262 A EP 78400262A EP 0002994 A2 EP0002994 A2 EP 0002994A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
counter
plate
bar
ladder according
ladder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78400262A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0002994B1 (de
EP0002994A3 (en
Inventor
Pierre Ducresot
Catherine Archer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sarl DITE F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY
F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY Sarl dite
R L F M C FABRICATIONS METALLI
Original Assignee
Sarl DITE F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY
F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY Sarl dite
R L F M C FABRICATIONS METALLI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7800588A external-priority patent/FR2413535A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7811808A external-priority patent/FR2423624A2/fr
Priority claimed from FR7817233A external-priority patent/FR2427459A2/fr
Priority claimed from FR7834039A external-priority patent/FR2442332A2/fr
Application filed by Sarl DITE F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY, F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY Sarl dite, R L F M C FABRICATIONS METALLI filed Critical Sarl DITE F M C FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES DES CIZELY
Publication of EP0002994A2 publication Critical patent/EP0002994A2/de
Publication of EP0002994A3 publication Critical patent/EP0002994A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0002994B1 publication Critical patent/EP0002994B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E06C7/082—Connections between rungs or treads and longitudinal members
    • E06C7/085—Connections between rungs or treads and longitudinal members achieved by deforming the rung or the stile

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal ladder, the uprights of which are of open profile and reinforced by counter plates,
  • the uprights of the metal ladders are, in general, tubular, with closed profile, to give them good resistance to lateral force. But these amounts must be provided with openings for the passage of the bars. These openings are difficult to machine. Furthermore, it is well known to those skilled in the art that tubular sections are more expensive than open sections.
  • Ladders are also known, the uprights of which consist of simple open profiles in the form of a C or I. These ladders are easy to make and less expensive than those whose uprights are of closed profile.
  • the connection between the uprights and the bars has weak cohesion; the core of the profiles constituting the uprights, on which the bars are fixed, is easily deformed under the effect of the forces to which the ladder is subjected.
  • the ladder floats sideways when the user is halfway up, which gives a feeling of insecurity.
  • the present invention relates to a ladder, the uprights of which are of open profile and reinforced by counter-plates at the right of each of the ends of at least some of the bars, and in which the counter-plates are immobilized in a practically perfect manner.
  • each of the longitudinal walls of the profile has, near its free edge, a return which is set back relative to this free edge so as to form a rib, in that the counterplate rests on these returns, being held laterally by the ribs, and is provided with teeth or lugs engaged in openings made in said returns, and in that, in a manner known per se, the bar comprises, near its end, a shoulder which is in contact with one of the elements formed by the web of the profile and the plywood, its end edge being crimped to the outside of the other element, so that the plywood is blocked on the amounts returned and prevented from moving relative to these amounts.
  • the counterplate is fixed absolutely securely on the upright. Indeed, it is prevented from moving transversely by the ribs and longitudinally by the legs; the shoulder of the bar keeps it on the ribs. Furthermore, these ribs prevent it from pivoting and its teeth or legs, engaged in the returns of the uprights, prevent the side walls of the latter from deforming and moving away from each other, which would allow a displacement of the counterplate relative to the upright: the upright thus constitutes a non-deformable box.
  • the counter plate can be placed inside the upright, the bar passing first through the counter plate, then the core of the upright. But the reverse arrangement is possible, that is to say that the counter plate can be arranged outside the upright, the bar crossing first the core of the upright, then the counter plate.
  • the teeth or legs of the counterplate can be simply threaded into the openings of the upright returns; they can also be bent under these returns, after the counterplate is in place.
  • the teeth or legs advantageously have the same width as the openings made in the returns, so as to prevent the displacement of the counterplate not only downwards, but also upwards.
  • the teeth or legs are trapezoidal, having a maximum width substantially equal to the width of the openings of the returns so as to get caught in the openings of the upright; this shape also facilitates the engagement of the legs in these openings.
  • the transverse edges of the counter plate may include a fold substantially perpendicular to this counter plate. Thanks to this arrangement, the counter-plate cannot bend when the bar is fixed to the upright; the ladder stands better.
  • the counterplate may include stiffening ribs arranged substantially diagonally.
  • the metal ladder is made of aluminum.
  • aluminum does not withstand a matting of metal.
  • the opening provided in the counterplate, or the upright, for the passage of the bar can be ovalized; a clearance then forms between the bar and the counterplate or the upright, which affects the strength of the ladder.
  • this opening may consist of a puncture.
  • the contact between the bar and the counterplate, or the upright thus occurs on a certain surface, which prevents any matting.
  • the puncture stiffens the plate and facilitates the positioning of the bar. This puncture can be turned towards the inside of the ladder or towards the outside.
  • the shoulder may consist of a constriction formed at the end of the bar, over a length slightly greater than the distance separating the counterplate from the core of the upright. This constriction is useful, even if the legs are folded under the counterplate and maintain it. Indeed, the bars are obtained by spinning and their section has no precise tolerance.
  • the necking is in fact a real calibration. As the hole or the puncture provided in the counterplate or the upright is also calibrated, the assembly precision is perfect.
  • forming the constriction simultaneously on the two ends of the bar a bar is obtained, the two ends of which are perfectly parallel, which is very difficult to obtain with a usual profile obtained by spinning, due to the slight twisting of this profile, at the time of its manufacture.
  • the constriction is advantageously frustoconical; of course, the section of the frustoconical constriction is not necessarily circular, but it corresponds to that of the bar, the latter being for example triangular with rounded angles. Indeed, it is then easy to engage the end of the bar in the hole which is made in the upright, or in the counter plate, and which has dimensions greater than those of this end.
  • the conical shape of the constriction catches up with the play existing between the hole and the wall of the bar so that the periphery of the bar finally abuts against the edge of the hole, which makes it possible to obtain a good crimping of the end of the bar.
  • the bars are connected to these uprights by means of the counter plates; it is therefore necessary, for the above condition to be fulfilled, that the counter plates have no play relative to the bars, which is achieved according to the invention, and that the bars cannot absolutely pivot relative to the plywoods .
  • the bars When the counter plates are placed outside the uprights, the bars must not be able to pivot relative to these uprights.
  • each of the ends of the bar has a frustoconical constriction and the opening made in the plywood, or the upright, for the passage of the bar has a frustoconical puncture, the angle of puncture of the puncture being equal to that of the constriction.
  • the crimping of the end of a bar on the core of the upright or on the counter-plate is preferably carried out by an angular riveting machine which forms a bead-spacer on this end.
  • the same counter plate extending over two or more bars, for example, over a quarter or a third of the total length of the ladder. This strengthens the scale in the part that works the most; for equal resistance, the weight of the scale is reduced.
  • an additional characteristic of the present invention consists in that each constricted end of the bar has a longitudinal depression in each of its parts corresponding to a substantially flat part of the bar.
  • the profile of this constricted end thus has practically no straight portion, which allows good crimping.
  • To measure the resistance "sideways" of a scale place the scale vertically so that one of its uprights is horizontal on two fixed supports, a vertical force is exerted in the middle of the other upright, and measures the deflection of this amount.
  • a spacer ring whose thickness is substantially equal to the distance separating the counterplate and the central part or core of the upright, is disposed between this counterplate and this central part and threaded on the end of the bar.
  • This spacer prevents the counterplate from deforming when the bar is subjected to a bending force in the plane of the upright.
  • the shoulder provided on the inside of the upright cannot push against the plate. If we carry out a destructive test of the scale "sideways”, we see that it withstands an effort that is four or five times greater than that causing the destruction of a ladder whose bars are not provided with spacers. During normal use of the ladder, it practically does not deform laterally.
  • the passage hole of the spacer preferably has the shape and dimensions of the outer profile of the bar so that it is tightly clamped.
  • the height of the spacer is advantageously substantially equal to that of the counter plate, in which case this spacer reduces the forces exerted on the teeth or lugs of the counter plate when the ladder is subjected to a lateral force or of torsion.
  • This spacer can be full or hollowed out on either side of the bar passage hole. Its upper and lower faces preferably have a width substantially equal to the distance between the uprights of the ladder.
  • each of these faces advantageously comprises one or more recessed ribs extending in the direction of the thickness of the spacer. This rib stiffens the edge of the spacer avoiding buckling and allows immobilization of the spacer relative to the counter plate by local deformation of this counter plate in the rib.
  • the spacer can be made of metal or molded plastic.
  • it advantageously comprises, on the face facing the counter-plate, two beads which are spaced from each other by a distance substantially equal to that of the core of said counter-plate. These beads constitute a housing in which the counter plate is embedded.
  • the edges of the counterplate, the angles of which are always more or less sharp, in particular when this counterplate is cut or sawn from a profile, cannot then injure the fingers of the user when he goes up or down while holding the ladder uprights; in addition, they immobilize the spacer with respect to the counterplate when the latter is fixed to the uprights.
  • the ladder according to the invention comprises uprights 1 and tubular bars 2.
  • Each of the uprights 1 is constituted by a section profile substantially in a U or I.
  • the central part or the core of this section is provided with openings 3 for the passage of the bars 2 and each of its side walls 1b is provided with a return 1c parallel to part la: this return is set back with respect to the edge of the wall lb, which forms a rib ld above this return.
  • each of the uprights 1 is closed by a counter plate 4 which rests on the returns lc, extending from one rib 1d to the other, and is provided with an opening 5 for the passage of the bar.
  • Tabs or tongues 6 are cut in the lateral edges of the counter plate 4, at the ends of these edges, and are folded so as to be perpendicular to the counter plate or slightly in V; they are engaged in openings 7, of the same length, returns 1c.
  • the bar 2 is constricted, as indicated in 2a, over a length slightly greater than the distance between the counter-plate 4 and the central part la of the upright 1.
  • the shape and dimensions of the openings 3 and 5 correspond to those of the constricted end, so that the portion of the bar located beyond this end can not cross against the plate 4 and abuts against it.
  • the bars 2 have a substantially triangular section, with rounded angles, so that they cannot pivot in the openings 3 and 5.
  • the perpendicular to the flat support portions 2 2 makes an angle of 7 to 8 ° with the longitudinal direction of the uprights 1.
  • the upper face of the bar is provided with longitudinal ribs 2e preventing the user's foot from slipping.
  • the legs 6 are folded under the returns. Furthermore, the end of the tube 2 is not constricted; but this tube comprises a bead 2c bearing on the outer face of the counter plate 4. This bead could be provided in the embodiment of Figure 3, in which the legs are not folded down.
  • the counter plate 4b has a shape similar to that of the counter plate 4a, but it is provided with diagonal ribs 8.
  • each of the transverse edges of the against plate has a fold 9 substantially perpendicular to this against plate.
  • the counter-plate 4c also includes diagonal ribs 8. At each of its ends, the bar 2 is terminated by a frustoconical constriction 2a and this end is fitted into the opening 5a of the counter-plate 4c, which is constituted by a frustoconical puncture, the angle of inclination of the wall of this puncture being equal to the angle of conicity of the constriction 2a with very tight and even negative tolerances, so as to ensure intimate contact between the bar and the counterplate.
  • the counter plate 4 is disposed outside of the upright 1.
  • the constricted end 2a of the bar 2 passes through a frustoconical puncture 3a of the core la of the upright 1, which is turned outwards and whose taper angle is equal to that of this end 2a.
  • the latter is crimped into the opening 5 of the counter plate 4, as indicated in 2c.
  • the same counter plate 11, with its legs 6, extends over two or more bars 2, in the central part of the ladder.
  • the cover 12 can extend between two counter plates between which there are bars to which there is no counter plate, as shown in Figure 14. In this case, the cover must be provided with openings 13 for passage of these bars.
  • the opening of the counter plate 4 is constituted by a puncture 5a which is directed towards the inside of the ladder, and is in the form of a funnel, which facilitates the introduction of the bar into the counterplate.
  • the end of the bar has a tapered cone 2a.
  • the flat has dimensions significantly larger than those of the end of the bar, which facilitates the introduction of this bar.
  • the frustoconical constriction catches up with the existing play and the periphery of the puncture is in contact with the wall of the bar, during crimping.
  • FIG. 16 there is an upright 1 which is constituted by a U or I profile, the central part of which is provided with openings 3 for the passage of the bars 2 and of which each of the side walls lb is provided with a return 1c parallel to the part 1a, this return being set back so as to form a rib 1d above it.
  • Each of the bars 2 has a triangular section with rounded angles and its end 2a is narrowed over a length slightly greater than the distance between the counter plate 4 and the central part of the upright 1; its end edge is crimped to the outside of the central part 1a, as seen in 2b.
  • the counterplate 4 which is inside the profile, rests on the returns lc extending from a rib 1d to the other, and is provided with an opening 5 for the passage of the bar 2.
  • This counter-plate is constituted by a profile which has on one of its faces longitudinal two projecting ribs. These ribs have been cut so as to form teeth 16. These teeth 16 are engaged in openings 7 which are formed in the returns 1c; after placement of the counter plate, these teeth are folded inwards or outwards.
  • Each constricted end 2a of the bar 2 instead of having a shape which is homothetic with this bar, has a depression 2d in each of its parts corresponding to a substantially flat part of the bar 2. Its profile thus has practically no straight part , which allows a crimp 2b which is effective over its entire length.
  • the opening 3 has, of course, a corresponding shape.
  • a spacer 17 which may be of metal or plastic and whose thickness is equal to the distance separating this central part and this counter plate.
  • This spacer has in its center a hole 18 whose shape and dimensions are those of the outer profile of the constricted portion of the bar 2 so that this end is tightly clamped.
  • the spacer 17 is metallic and cut or sawn to the desired length. It extends over a height substantially equal to that of the counterplate 4, as seen in Figure 16. It is hollowed out above and below the hole 18 its upper 17a and lower 17b faces are relatively thin and have a width substantially equal to the difference between the returns 1c of the uprights 1. Each of these faces has in its middle a recessed rib 19. This rib stiffens the face 17a or 17b and prevents it from buckling.
  • the spacer 21 is made of molded plastic. It has a shape which is similar in broad outline to that of the spacer 17, but its upper 21a and lower 21b faces are connected to the central part 21c, substantially in their middle, by reinforcements 21d and 21e which avoid these faces to undulate or veil when a crushing force is applied to the spacer. Furthermore, the faces 21a and 21b have, on their edge turned towards the counter-plate 4, a bead 21f or 21g, the thickness of which is substantially equal to that of the core of this counter-plate. The two beads define a housing in which the counterplate is embedded, so that its edges are not likely to injure the fingers of the user.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
EP78400262A 1978-01-02 1978-12-26 Metalleiter Expired EP0002994B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7800588 1978-01-02
FR7800588A FR2413535A1 (fr) 1978-01-02 1978-01-02 Perfectionnements apportes aux echelles metalliques
FR7811808 1978-04-17
FR7811808A FR2423624A2 (fr) 1978-04-17 1978-04-17 Perfectionnements apportes aux echelles metalliques
FR7817233A FR2427459A2 (fr) 1978-06-02 1978-06-02 Perfectionnements apportes aux echelles metalliques
FR7817233 1978-06-02
FR7834039A FR2442332A2 (fr) 1978-11-24 1978-11-24 Perfectionnements apportes aux echelles metalliques
FR7834039 1978-11-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0002994A2 true EP0002994A2 (de) 1979-07-11
EP0002994A3 EP0002994A3 (en) 1979-07-25
EP0002994B1 EP0002994B1 (de) 1983-01-19

Family

ID=27446374

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400262A Expired EP0002994B1 (de) 1978-01-02 1978-12-26 Metalleiter

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4219102A (de)
EP (1) EP0002994B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS54130277A (de)
AU (1) AU521816B2 (de)
BR (1) BR7808558A (de)
CA (1) CA1097282A (de)
DE (1) DE2862162D1 (de)
ES (1) ES476414A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2012853B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0099513A3 (en) * 1982-07-22 1985-04-17 Hymer-Leichtmetallbau Step to stile connection for a light-metal ladder
WO1992019834A1 (en) * 1991-04-25 1992-11-12 James Brian Clarke Ladder
FR3012168A1 (fr) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-24 Aud Innov Barreau et sa fixation dans les montants d'une echelle
CN105952371A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2016-09-21 辽宁工程技术大学 一种多功能变形靠梯

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2130023B (en) * 1979-12-20 1984-10-31 Bicc Plc Cable ladder
JPS6219839Y2 (de) * 1980-06-13 1987-05-20
FR2528132B1 (fr) * 1982-06-03 1985-09-27 Cegedur Dispositif d'assemblage d'un tube et d'un element de tole
US5170552A (en) * 1989-09-28 1992-12-15 Emerson Electric Co. Method of manufacturing a rolling tower scaffold
CA2038187A1 (en) * 1991-03-13 1992-09-14 Michael S. Thompson Box ladder and method of manufacture thereof
US11866995B2 (en) 2019-12-27 2024-01-09 Werner Co. Ladder with box rails having a collar
GB2610214B (en) * 2021-08-27 2024-02-28 Treemagineers Ltd Pulley assembly

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE211809C (de) *
US1122019A (en) * 1912-08-15 1914-12-22 Gen Electric Electric switch.
US1459966A (en) * 1920-10-14 1923-06-26 Roy H Anderson Garment fastener
US2618427A (en) * 1947-03-27 1952-11-18 Hudmon S Langley Ladder
GB667843A (en) * 1950-03-31 1952-03-05 W A Lloyd S Cycles Ltd Improvements relating to ladders
GB678842A (en) * 1950-04-27 1952-09-10 Cyril Harcourt Matthews Improvements in or relating to metal ladders
FR64163E (fr) * 1952-12-01 1955-11-08 Aluminium Francais Procédé de construction d'échelles métalliques
FR1122019A (fr) * 1955-02-01 1956-08-30 Nusbaumer & Cie Perfectionnement à la construction des échelles
US3004625A (en) * 1959-09-01 1961-10-17 Bauer Mfg Company Ladder
US3327385A (en) * 1963-01-04 1967-06-27 Harsco Corp Method of making ladders
FR1459289A (fr) * 1965-10-08 1966-04-29 Tubesca Echelle à montants tubulaires
FR1459966A (fr) * 1965-10-12 1966-06-17 Tubesca échelle perfectionnée à barreaux tubulaires
US3608256A (en) * 1967-12-01 1971-09-28 Reynolds Metals Co Step construction
DE1784533C3 (de) * 1968-08-16 1974-01-03 Herbert 7100 Heilbronn Ernst Verbindung eines Stabs mit einem Vierkantrohr
US4060150A (en) * 1973-09-07 1977-11-29 Peter Hughes Ladder kit
US3997027A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-12-14 Patterson Allen S Ladder
US3949836A (en) * 1974-11-08 1976-04-13 Russo Ornamental Iron Products, Inc. Ladder structure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0099513A3 (en) * 1982-07-22 1985-04-17 Hymer-Leichtmetallbau Step to stile connection for a light-metal ladder
WO1992019834A1 (en) * 1991-04-25 1992-11-12 James Brian Clarke Ladder
GB2270340A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-03-09 James Brian Clarke Ladder
GB2270340B (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-11-09 James Brian Clarke Ladder
FR3012168A1 (fr) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-24 Aud Innov Barreau et sa fixation dans les montants d'une echelle
CN105952371A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2016-09-21 辽宁工程技术大学 一种多功能变形靠梯

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2012853A (en) 1979-08-01
AU4294678A (en) 1979-07-12
BR7808558A (pt) 1979-08-07
JPS54130277A (en) 1979-10-09
GB2012853B (en) 1982-06-23
US4219102A (en) 1980-08-26
AU521816B2 (en) 1982-04-29
EP0002994B1 (de) 1983-01-19
EP0002994A3 (en) 1979-07-25
ES476414A1 (es) 1980-01-16
DE2862162D1 (en) 1983-02-24
CA1097282A (fr) 1981-03-10

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