EP0004824A2 - Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück - Google Patents

Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004824A2
EP0004824A2 EP79420015A EP79420015A EP0004824A2 EP 0004824 A2 EP0004824 A2 EP 0004824A2 EP 79420015 A EP79420015 A EP 79420015A EP 79420015 A EP79420015 A EP 79420015A EP 0004824 A2 EP0004824 A2 EP 0004824A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nickel
contact
aluminum
layer
coated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79420015A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0004824A3 (en
EP0004824B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Ladet
Jacques Lefebvre
Jos Patrie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto France SAS
Original Assignee
Aluminium Pechiney SA
Societe de Vente de lAluminium Pechiney SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aluminium Pechiney SA, Societe de Vente de lAluminium Pechiney SA filed Critical Aluminium Pechiney SA
Publication of EP0004824A2 publication Critical patent/EP0004824A2/de
Publication of EP0004824A3 publication Critical patent/EP0004824A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0004824B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004824B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S205/00—Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions
    • Y10S205/917—Treatment of workpiece between coating steps

Definitions

  • This new method applies to the production of fixed or mobile electrical contacts on all kinds of aluminum parts such as bars, profiles of all types or pieces of equipment.
  • the new method applies, among other things, to the production of highly mechanically and thermally stressed contacts such as those made by plugging in and unplugging fingers from conductive bars. It also applies to the production of sliding contact systems such as those used in electric rotary machines with collector or ring. Finally, it can also be applied to the production of switches, contactors, circuit breakers or disconnectors.
  • the desired connections between these busbars and the user devices are made using fixed or removable devices, for example by means of movable contact fingers which are plugged into the busbars.
  • the bars thus tinned are made of conductive aluminum most often containing at least 99.5 X of aluminum such as the A5 (AFNOR standard); or in various aluminum alloys used as conductors such as AGS / L (AFNOR standard) which is more particularly suitable for molded parts.
  • the contact fingers are most often made of copper or copper-based alloys, such as, for example, brasses or bronzes.
  • the new method which is the subject of the invention, has made it possible to make electrical contacts on aluminum parts whose lifetime under severe conditions of mechanical and thermal stresses is considerably increased.
  • Aluminum parts are understood, from the point of view of the application of the method which is the subject of the invention, all non-alloy aluminum parts used as conductor such as parts in A5, or other aluminum grades unalloyed and also all parts made of aluminum-based alloys used as conductors, such as parts made of AGS / L or even AS7G.
  • the invention also relates to new electrical pressure contact devices making it possible to establish and / or maintain and / or interrupt electrical circuits, these new devices having an increased resistance to mechanical and / or thermal stresses with, consequently , much greater stability over time.
  • the new method of making electrical contacts consists in coating, at least in the contact zone, the aluminum part or parts with a coating of nickel with high adhesion deposited directly on the aluminum substrate.
  • this surface preparation allows both a complete elimination of the oxidized layer and the obtaining of a surface having a particular appearance, observable with the electron microscope which favors the attachment of the nickel deposit.
  • the quality of the electrical contact can be further improved by bringing the nickel-coated aluminum part into contact with a silver-coated part, the core of which is aluminum or copper. It is understood that, for the application of the method according to the invention, it is to be understood by aluminum, nickel, silver or copper, these metals in the non-alloyed state with their usual impurities, the level of which is variable depending on the applications and also aluminum, nickel, silver or copper based alloys which can be used as electrical conductors.
  • the remarkable quality of the contact devices according to the invention is due firstly to the effectiveness of the nickel layer which protects the aluminum and also to the particular properties of the nickel / contact couple. money.
  • other metals can be substituted for silver, but at the cost of significantly lower performance.
  • the electrolytic process for direct deposition of nickel which also constitutes one of the objects of the invention, comprises an initial step of temporary pre-deposition of nickel, by means of a bath of determined composition, in the absence of electric current. This pre-deposition is then eliminated and the electrolytic deposition of the final coating layer of nickel is carried out.
  • the microscopic examinations carried out during the various stages of this treatment showed that the combination of a chemical pre-deposition of nickel followed by a redissolution of this deposit, made it possible to obtain a surface state at the same time perfectly deoxidized and having a particular appearance which constitutes an exceptionally effective bonding base for the deposit of final nickel which will then be carried out.
  • the nickel coating obtained by the process thus developed exhibits exceptional adhesion in cold and hot conditions, which allows the production of particularly durable contact elements.
  • nickel has, compared to other aluminum covering metals, such as copper, zinc or tin, the advantage of great thermal stability.
  • the diffusion of nickel in aluminum remains low and without drawback, even at temperatures where the tin and zinc are already melted.
  • Nickel also has the advantage of being a much less rare metal than tin, less expensive, and the price of which is not subject to speculative variations in the magnitude of those which strike tin or copper. .
  • the thickness of the Ni layer is determined according to the applications. In most cases, it will be around 3 to around 25 ⁇ m. Other baths can also be used. One can, in particular, use baths allowing the deposition of nickel-based alloys.
  • Nickel-plated sections of AGS / L aluminum alloy bars 40 x 6mm in section were used for making sliding contacts by skewering.
  • the electrolysis is carried out between nickel anodes and the bars to be covered.
  • the operation is carried out at 40 ° C. with a current density of 3 A / dm2 for 25 min.
  • the Ni layer obtained has a thickness of about 15 microns.
  • FIGS 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a contact finger. It can be seen that this: consists of two elastic blades, generally called fishplates, (1) and (2) made of copper or a copper-based alloy of approximately 10 ⁇ 2 mm in cross section, formed so as to be able to elastically pinch a contact bar (3) of approximately 40 x 6 mm in cross-section. Contact between the finger and the operating circuit is ensured in the same way by pinching a strip (4) connected to this circuit. Springs (5) and (6) mounted on the axis (7) ensure the elastic clamping of the assembly with a clamping force of approximately 1 kg.
  • the curvature of the fishplates in the area (8) and (9) is such that, practically, the contact bars / fishplates is located at the end of these in (9) and (10).
  • Figure 5 shows the test device schematically.
  • the aluminum bar (10) of 40 x 6 mm section is fixed at its two ends in the jaws of an alternating traction / compression machine, not shown. In this way, the bar is subjected to alternating forces along the XY axis with a frequency of 155 Hertz. These efforts are reflected at the contact level by alternative micro-slippages comparable to those which occur in electrical installations.
  • the compression tensile stress applied to the bar is + 80 MPa.
  • the first five pairs which correspond to the techniques practiced in the usual way for the realization of contacts by skewering relate to contacts comprising a bar in AGS / L covered by electrolytic deposition of a layer of tin. 17 ⁇ m thick on under layer bronze.
  • the copper fingers are either bare or covered with tin or nickel, or a tin-nickel alloy, or silver.
  • the five other pairs which implement the method according to the invention comprise an AGS / L bar covered with 15 ⁇ m of nickel, as described in the example and a second series of 5 copper fingers identical to the first series .
  • Each of the ten pairs thus defined has been tested 4 times, that is to say that four identical fingers have been used for each couple in contact with sections of AGS / L bars coated either with nickel or tin and the value of the result was determined by measuring the area of the oxidation spots formed on the surface of the bars after 200,000 cycles.
  • Each of these fingers is connected at its other end with contact bars (19) and (20) which are connected to a source of direct current not shown.
  • each of the fishplates such as (21) and (22) and the bar (18) is ensured by means of silver contact pads (23) and (24) whose flat and parallel bearing faces have the shape of a square 3 x 3 mm on the side.
  • One of the faces of each of these pads is brazed to the splint and the other is in abutment on the surface of the bar section.
  • the thickness of these pads is approximately 1 mm and the clamping pressure of the splices of the order of 1 kg. ensures good contact between each pellet and the silver surface of the bar on which it comes to rest.
  • the distance D between the fingers (16) and (17) at their contact with the bar (18) via the silver pellets is 50 mm between axes.
  • a recording voltmeter (V) is connected to the ends of the fishplates at the contact pads.
  • I1 makes it possible to measure the evolution of the voltage as a function of time.
  • the intensity of the direct current is fixed once and for all at a constant value of 25 amperes.
  • 'R overall electrical resistance
  • AGS / L plates of 64 x 72 x 2 mm were also coated with a 15 ⁇ m layer of nickel according to the method described in the example. These plates were then heated locally to a temperature close to the melting point of aluminum in 6 to 7 min. We have managed to obtain on each wafer, on a surface of the order of 1 or 2 cm 2 , an initial melting of the aluminum. After cooling, it was observed that the nickel layer had retained all of its adhesion properties.
  • the bars thus coated with nickel are liable to undergo brazing treatments at relatively high temperature, without detachment of the nickel layer.
  • This brazing alloy has a melting point of between 340 ° and 395 ° C.
  • the nickel layer which, according to the invention, covers an aluminum substrate, a thin layer of silver.
  • a deposition will be carried out for example by electrolysis in a silver cyanide bath; as mentioned above.
  • Tests have been carried out to study the abrasion behavior of electrical contacts, one of the two contact elements of which is made of aluminum coated with nickel and then silver, the other element being a copper finger, comprising pellets of silver contact brazed at the ends of the fishplates, identical to that shown in Figure 7.
  • This finger is plugged in as in the case which has just been described on a section of AGS / L bar 40 x 6 mm in section, covered of 15 ⁇ m of nickel plus 3 ⁇ m of silver as described above.
  • a known device makes it possible to subject the section of bar at the frequency of 3,600 cycles / h of alternating displacements in its plane, of approximately 6 mm of amplitude, the finger and, consequently, the silver contact pads remaining fixed. .
  • the contact surface of these pellets with the bar is the same as in the previous example, 9 mm2 each.
  • the clamping force of the two fishplates against each other is also the same, i.e. 1 kg.
  • a series of contact wear tests was performed. During each of these tests, the bar / finger contact underwent 15 to 20,000 cycles.
  • Table II below shows the total mass losses in mmg resulting from the wear of the contacts between the bar and the finger. The voltage drop at these contacts is also given. It was measured between the ends of the fishplates at the contact pads and the bar in the immediate vicinity of the contact area.
  • This deposit of silver therefore makes it possible to combine the remarkable qualities of a layer of nickel with high adhesion deposited directly on an aluminum substrate with the well-known qualities of silver for making electrical contacts.
  • the two contact elements of which are made of aluminum coated with nickel by the method according to the invention. It is also possible to coat at least one of the aluminum contact elements with a layer of silver deposited on a layer of nickel.
  • devices according to the invention comprising contact parts made of nickel-plated aluminum on which a contact plate made of copper, or silver, or a contact alloy or pseudo-alloy, resistant to the impact of short-lived electric arcs and also abrasion. It is then possible to use such devices for establishing and breaking under load of circuits, and also for sliding contacts such as those made on manifolds and rings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
EP79420015A 1978-03-31 1979-03-26 Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück Expired EP0004824B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7810333 1978-03-31
FR7810333A FR2421452A1 (fr) 1978-03-31 1978-03-31 Nouvelle methode de realisation de contacts electriques sur pieces en aluminium

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0004824A2 true EP0004824A2 (de) 1979-10-17
EP0004824A3 EP0004824A3 (en) 1979-10-31
EP0004824B1 EP0004824B1 (de) 1983-03-02

Family

ID=9206825

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79420015A Expired EP0004824B1 (de) 1978-03-31 1979-03-26 Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (2) US4360411A (de)
EP (1) EP0004824B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5510789A (de)
BE (1) BE875216A (de)
CA (1) CA1132639A (de)
CH (1) CH630742A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2964941D1 (de)
ES (2) ES478979A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2421452A1 (de)
GR (1) GR64859B (de)
IN (1) IN151340B (de)
IT (1) IT1113210B (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59205079A (ja) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-20 Toyo Kako Kk 樹脂製バルブ及びその製造方法
ATE38741T1 (de) * 1984-05-18 1988-12-15 Sprecher Energie Ag Vakuumschalter.
JPH0528067Y2 (de) * 1984-12-29 1993-07-19
JP2531752Y2 (ja) * 1991-10-29 1997-04-09 株式会社サクラクレパス 塗布具
US5601695A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-02-11 Atotech U.S.A., Inc. Etchant for aluminum alloys
US5703757A (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-12-30 Alcoa Fujikura Limited Electronic vehicular junction box having reduced size and weight
CA2304360C (en) * 2000-03-20 2009-06-30 S&C Electric Company Contact arrangement for electrical power distribution switch or the like
JP4593013B2 (ja) * 2001-06-04 2010-12-08 古河電気工業株式会社 アルミニウム合金導電体
FI113912B (fi) * 2001-12-13 2004-06-30 Outokumpu Oy Lisäaineellisella pinnoitteella varustettu yhdysterminaali
US7137751B2 (en) * 2003-03-14 2006-11-21 Societe Bic S.A. Writing instrument with cushioning element
US9154008B2 (en) * 2012-10-02 2015-10-06 Siemens Industry, Inc. Hybrid rotor bar assemblies, electric motors including hybrid rotor bar assemblies, and methods of assemblying same

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA520363A (en) * 1956-01-03 A. Payette Joseph Electrical contact
US1144000A (en) * 1914-01-19 1915-06-22 Aluminum Francais Soc D Treament of surfaces of aluminum or alloys of aluminum in order to prepare them for receiving a metallic deposit.
GB438228A (en) * 1934-08-25 1935-11-13 London Aluminium Company Ltd A new or improved process for the plating of aluminium
US2171546A (en) * 1938-05-03 1939-09-05 Aluminum Co Of America Surface preparation
FR910536A (fr) * 1944-04-24 1946-06-11 Galvanostegie Almeta Sa De Procédé pour le recouvrement de la surface d'un objet en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium, par un revêtement métallique adhérent
US2746136A (en) * 1951-08-01 1956-05-22 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Treatment of aluminum and its alloys prior to electro-plating with lead
NL6412706A (de) * 1964-11-02 1966-05-03
US3472742A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-10-14 Webb James E Plating nickel on aluminum castings
US3497655A (en) * 1968-01-10 1970-02-24 Motorola Inc Clad metal contacts for reed switches
US3666529A (en) * 1969-04-02 1972-05-30 Atomic Energy Commission Method of conditioning aluminous surfaces for the reception of electroless nickel plating
US3562467A (en) * 1969-06-04 1971-02-09 Engelhard Min & Chem Electrical contact
US3667991A (en) * 1970-02-02 1972-06-06 Texas Instruments Inc Processes for nickel plating metals
US3726771A (en) * 1970-11-23 1973-04-10 Stauffer Chemical Co Process for chemical nickel plating of aluminum and its alloys
BE791008A (fr) * 1971-11-09 1973-05-07 Citroen Sa Perfectionnements apportes aux procedes pour la formation sur une paroiexposee a des forces de friction et appartenant a une pieceen alliage leger, d'une revetement metallique composite resistant a l'usure
BE788470A (fr) * 1971-11-12 1973-01-02 Buckbee Mears Co Procede ameliore d'accroissement de la rigidite des ecrans d'impressio
JPS5143098B2 (de) * 1972-06-19 1976-11-19
DE2337171A1 (de) * 1973-07-21 1975-04-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Kontaktstueck auf aluminium-guss-basis
US4122215A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-10-24 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Electroless deposition of nickel on a masked aluminum surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR64859B (en) 1980-06-05
CH630742A5 (fr) 1982-06-30
IT1113210B (it) 1986-01-20
IT7921390A0 (it) 1979-03-28
JPS5729803B2 (de) 1982-06-24
CA1132639A (fr) 1982-09-28
ES478979A1 (es) 1979-11-16
IN151340B (de) 1983-04-02
EP0004824A3 (en) 1979-10-31
DE2964941D1 (en) 1983-04-07
BE875216A (fr) 1979-10-01
ES482845A1 (es) 1980-05-16
EP0004824B1 (de) 1983-03-02
FR2421452A1 (fr) 1979-10-26
US4408110A (en) 1983-10-04
US4360411A (en) 1982-11-23
JPS5510789A (en) 1980-01-25
FR2421452B1 (de) 1981-07-24

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