EP0008078A1 - Procédé pour enterrer des déchets chimiques dangereux - Google Patents

Procédé pour enterrer des déchets chimiques dangereux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008078A1
EP0008078A1 EP79102764A EP79102764A EP0008078A1 EP 0008078 A1 EP0008078 A1 EP 0008078A1 EP 79102764 A EP79102764 A EP 79102764A EP 79102764 A EP79102764 A EP 79102764A EP 0008078 A1 EP0008078 A1 EP 0008078A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soil cement
layer
hazardous chemical
film
chemical waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79102764A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard E. Valiga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STABATROL CORP
Original Assignee
STABATROL CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STABATROL CORP filed Critical STABATROL CORP
Publication of EP0008078A1 publication Critical patent/EP0008078A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste

Definitions

  • This invention relates to vaulting hazardous chemical waste materials for waste disposal.
  • hazardous chemical waste materials have been deposited in ordinary landfills which have facilities for collecting and treating the aqueous leachate to eliminate the hazardous chemical ingredients.
  • Environmental protection regulations preclude the mere dumping of hazardous chemical waste materials into the earth where the natural flow of water might permit leaching of the hazardous chemical ingredients into natural water supplies.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide economical method for vaulting hazardous chemical waste materials which satisfies environmental protection regulations and which avoids_the expense of previously practiced methods.
  • the hazardous chemical waste materials are encapsulated sequentially in a water-impermeable film and in turn in a suitable soil cement composition.
  • a vault area is selected wherein the natural earth is compatible with portland cement for preparation of a product known as soil cement.
  • portland cement is mixed with the existing soil in the vault area to formulate a soil cement.
  • the soil cement thereafter is compacted to produce a soil cement coating over the entire vault area having a thickness preferably from about 75 mm. to about 450 mm., Optimally, the first soil cement layer has a thickness of about 150 mm.
  • additional soil is brought to the vault area and combined with additional portland cement to produce a second soil cement layer on top of the first soil cement layer.
  • the second soil cement layer similarly has a thickness from about 75 mm. to about 450 mm., optimally about 150 mm.
  • the two soil cement layers cover the entire vault area.
  • a first water-impermeable film is applied to the top of the second soil cement layer.
  • the water-impermeable film is polyethylene or polypropylene sheeting although other water-impermeable film such as bituminous sprayed-on coatings may be employed.
  • the hazardous chemical waste material is delivered and deposited directly on top of the first water-impermeable film. After all of the hazardous chemical waste material has been deposited, the layer of hazardous chemical waste material is compacted and thereafter a second water-impermeable film is applied over the top of the compacted waste material. The edges of the second water-impermeable film and the edges of the first water-impermeable film are sealed. Where a polyethylene or polypropylene film is employed, suitable adhesives may be utilized to create an effective seal. Where bituminous sprays are employed to generate a water-impermeable film, the two films can be joined around the perimeter of the compacted waste materials.
  • a third layer of soil cement is applied over the second water-impermeable film.
  • this third soil cement layer has a thickness from about 75 mm. to 450 mm., optimally about 150 mm.
  • a fourth soil cement layer on top of the third layer is preferred.
  • suitable filler materials are deposited on top of the third (and fourth, if provided) soil cement layer and graded to conform with the geography in the area immediately surrounding the vault area.
  • the filler materials preferably are locally available earth materials. However, non-hazardous waste materials such as municipal garbage may be employed in whole or in part as the filler materials.
  • suitable vegetation such as trees, grasses, shrubbery can be planted on top of the earth materials.
  • the resulting structure provides a permanent vaulting facility for hazardous chemical waste materials which is acceptable under environmental protection regulations.
  • Hazardous chemical waste materials are usually residues of chemical plants or manufacturing or mining activities. They may contain heavy metals (e.g., chromium, arsenic) or persistent organics (e.g., halogenated aromatics) or concentrated materials which can be easily dissolved (e.g., alkali metal salts). Such wastes usually are neutralized before disposal. Some wastes are dried to a "salt cake" which can be discarded in bulk. Other wastes remain moist and may be stored in drums in which the waste is discarded. The hazardous chemical waste materials must be discarded with great care to preclude leaching of the hazardous chemical ingredients into the environment.
  • heavy metals e.g., chromium, arsenic
  • persistent organics e.g., halogenated aromatics
  • concentrated materials which can be easily dissolved
  • alkali metal salts e.g., alkali metal salts
  • the hazardous chemical waste materials will be hereinafter identified as a "salt cake" to facilitate explanation.
  • a typical salt cake is the waste product of a chemical refinery operation.
  • One specific salt cake contains 99% sodium sulfate and 0.3 to 0.5% chromium and the balance unidentified solids.
  • the chromium normally is in the form of Na 2 Cro 7 .2H 2 0,
  • Another typical salt cake contains approximately 1% arsenic and the remaining 99% is a mixture of 2 parts sodium sulfate and 3 parts sodium chloride.
  • Soil cement is a term applied to a product which is formed by employing the natural soil of a particular geographic location in combination with portland cement.
  • the soil serves as an inert aggregate in the resulting portland cement composition.
  • the preferred soil cement for the present invention contains from about 3 to 10 parts by weight portland cement for 100 parts by weight of locally available earth materials.
  • the portland cement and earth materials can be mixed by means of an ordinary disk-harrow.
  • the resulting soil cement should be inert with respect to the hazardous chemical waste materials and also should resist attack from the hazardous chemical waste materials.
  • the art of making soil cement is well developed. Many descriptive publications are available from the Portland Cement Association.
  • the earth materials include native soils (preferably low in organic content), gravel, sand, crushed materials, cinders, slag, shale. In general, the soil cement will achieve about 90% of its ultimate strength in less than 30 days.
  • a topographic area is shown in cross-section having a terrain surface 10.
  • the topography is prepared by establishing a vault area indicated by the arrow 11 in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3.
  • the selected vault area 11 may be on a natural terrain; or may be pre-graded natural terrain; or may be an existing landfill wherein the surface has been compacted to acceptable strength.
  • the vault area is covered with a first layer 12 of soil cement as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • the first layer is from 75 to 450 mm. thick, optimally about 150 mm. thick.
  • the soil-cement is produced by combining portland cement with the existing soil material and compacting the resulting mixture with a sheep foot roller.
  • a second layer 13 of soil cement is applied on top of the first layer 12 as shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the second layer 13 has a thickness from 75 to 450 mm., optimally about 150 mm.
  • the combined thickness of the first and second layer 12, 13 is 225 to 375 mm.
  • a water-impermeable film 14 is applied on top of the second soil cement layer 13 as shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the film 14 may be polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC or a sprayed bituminous film.
  • the salt cake 15 is applied to the top of the film 14 and is suitably compacted. Optimally, the salt cake is piled to a height of about 1.8 meters if deposited in bulk. During the delivery of the salt cake 15, it is important to protect the material from exposure to wind losses and atmospheric precipitation. This can be conveniently done by covering the material with canvas tarpaulins or plastic films.
  • the drums are assembled as a single layer of upright cylinders. Each layer of drums is covered with about one foot of locally available earth materials before another layer of drums is stacked on top. Many layers of assembled drums can be vaulted in this manner.
  • a second film 16 is applied on top of the compacted salt cake.
  • the edges of the film 16 are sealed to the edges of the film 14 around the perimeter as indicated by the arrows 17, FIGURE 6.
  • a suitable adhesive may be employed.
  • a polyethylene film, 0.15 mm. thick, is a preferred material for the films 14, 16.
  • a layer 18 of granular locally available earth materials is applied on top of the second film to a depth of about 300 mm. to protect the film 16 from tearing.
  • a third layer of soil cement 19 is applied on top of the second film 16 as shown in FIGURE 7.
  • the thickness of the third layer 19 is from 75 to 450 mm., optimally about 300 mm.
  • the third layer 19 is formed in two separate activities -- i.e., an initial layer of soil cement is applied and compacted. Thereafter a final layer of soil cement is applied on top of the initial layer.
  • the two layers are identified herein as the third layer which has a total thickness of about 300 mm.
  • the perimeter of the third layer 19 should be bonded to the perimeter of the second layer 13 to provide a secure seal for the vault.
  • the vault is essentially complete as shown in FIGURE 7. Thereafter a supply of suitable filler materials 20 is applied on top of the third soil cement layer 19.
  • the filler materials are contoured to conform with the geography of the surrounding terrain 10.
  • the slopes of the filler materials 20 should be less than 15%.
  • suitable vegetation is planted on top of the filler materials 20, for example, trees 21, grass 22.
  • a vaulting assembly for 1.8 million Kg. of a salt cake employs a vault area slightly greater than 12 meters by 30 meters in area. A total of 25 centimeters of the soil cement is provided in two layers. The soil cement has a permeability less than 10 cm/sec and has an unconfined compressive strength of 200,000 - 250,000 Kg/sq meter.
  • a polyethylene film, o.15 mm. thick, 12 meters wide by 30 meters long, is commercially available. That film is applied on top of the soil cement base layer.
  • the salt cake is deposited in bulk within the 12 meters by 30 meters vault to a depth of 1.8 meters. The deposited salt cake is compacted by means of a bulldozer.
  • a second sheet of polyethylene plastic film 12 meters by 30 meters is spread across the compacted salt cake and the two plastic films are sealed by means of watertight joint seal tape and glue.
  • a layer, 25 cm. thick, of finely divided earth materials is applied on top of the second film to protect the film from tearing. polyethylene plastic sheet.
  • the third soil cement layer consists of two sequentially applied layers of soil cement, each about 150 mm. thick. The third layer extends so that its perimeter engages the perimeter of the soil cement base layer.
  • the resulting vault is water-impermeable, non- leaching and structurally durable. Additional covering of earth materials is applied on top of the third soil cement layer, preferably at least 600 mm. thick to receive and nurture vegetation. The earth materials are seeded with appropriate vegetation.
  • the described vault will confine 4.5 million Kg. of hazardous "salt cake".
  • the plastic polyethylene sheets prevent water intrusion into the salt cake. When the salt cake is buried more than 600 mm. below the surface of the surrounding terrain, high temperatures and moisture losses will not create any deterioration problems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP79102764A 1978-08-03 1979-08-01 Procédé pour enterrer des déchets chimiques dangereux Withdrawn EP0008078A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US930705 1978-08-03
US05/930,705 US4166709A (en) 1978-08-03 1978-08-03 Method for vaulting hazardous chemical waste materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0008078A1 true EP0008078A1 (fr) 1980-02-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79102764A Withdrawn EP0008078A1 (fr) 1978-08-03 1979-08-01 Procédé pour enterrer des déchets chimiques dangereux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4166709A (fr)
EP (1) EP0008078A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5522394A (fr)
CA (1) CA1102567A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0226880A1 (fr) * 1985-12-21 1987-07-01 Nukem GmbH Procédé pour conditionner les déchets spéciaux solubles dans l'eau
AT385215B (de) * 1983-04-28 1988-03-10 Huebl Friedrich Ing Verfahren zur deponierung von sonderabfaellen
AT389826B (de) * 1987-05-14 1990-02-12 Seh Sonderabfall Entsorgung Ho Hochdeponie
EP0552092A1 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-21 Sarp Industries Procédé et installation pour le stockage de déchets solidifiés

Families Citing this family (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4311409A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-01-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Wet powder seal for gas containment
US4362434A (en) * 1980-10-28 1982-12-07 Stabatrol Corporation Permanent disposal vault for hazardous chemical waste materials
US4375930A (en) * 1980-12-03 1983-03-08 Stabatrol Corp. Permanent disposal vault for containers
US4350461A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-09-21 Stabatrol Corporation Multiple waste disposal vaults
CA1143957A (fr) * 1981-01-13 1983-04-05 Bemalux Inc. Produit impermeabilisant
US4442901A (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-04-17 Getty Synthetic Fuels, Inc. Landfill gas recovery method
US5114275A (en) * 1983-11-28 1992-05-19 West Philip W Process and waste pit liner for improved hydrophobic waste storage
US4784802A (en) * 1984-07-05 1988-11-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Nuclear waste disposal site
US4681706A (en) * 1984-07-05 1987-07-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Nuclear waste packaging facility
US4845372A (en) * 1984-07-05 1989-07-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Nuclear waste packing module
DE3444895A1 (de) * 1984-12-08 1986-06-12 Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart Vorrichtung zur abdeckung von deponien
US4780269A (en) * 1985-03-12 1988-10-25 Nutech, Inc. Horizontal modular dry irradiated fuel storage system
US4705429A (en) * 1986-04-10 1987-11-10 Gpac, Inc. Method of disposing of asbestos waste material
US4778628A (en) * 1986-05-15 1988-10-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Underground waste barrier structure
US4842774A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-06-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Pyramiding tumuli waste disposal site and method of construction thereof
AT388122B (de) * 1987-08-12 1989-05-10 Alpine Bau Gmbh Verfahren zum behandeln von deponiegut, deponiebehaelter, insbesondere zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens, sowie abnehmbares dach fuer deponiebehaelter
US4902167A (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-02-20 American Colloid Company Land fill for waste materials and method of making the same
US4955983A (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Side loading vault system and method for the disposal of radioactive waste
US4917537A (en) * 1989-04-12 1990-04-17 Jacobson Carl C Fluid impervious, multiple panel lining system
US5078543A (en) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-07 Terrel Ronald L Storage system for solid waste material
US5401118A (en) * 1993-07-20 1995-03-28 Kramer; Fritz Composition and method for covering soil
US5833401A (en) * 1995-04-07 1998-11-10 Abeltech Geoinsulation blanket and system for soil
US5769961A (en) * 1995-05-16 1998-06-23 The University Of Chicago Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils and groundwaters
US5890840A (en) * 1995-12-08 1999-04-06 Carter, Jr.; Ernest E. In situ construction of containment vault under a radioactive or hazardous waste site
US6116815A (en) * 1996-01-05 2000-09-12 Chen; Youzhi Process for preventing release of contamination from an underground storage tank field
US6082929A (en) * 1997-02-06 2000-07-04 Williams; Jerald R. Waste containment system and method for the reclamation of landfill and waste areas
US6152653A (en) * 1998-08-14 2000-11-28 Henry; Karen S. Geocomposite capillary barrier drain
RU2209271C2 (ru) * 2001-02-05 2003-07-27 Тюменская государственная архитектурно-строительная академия Способ защиты местности от загрязнения вредными жидкими веществами при аварийных выбросах
KR20030014053A (ko) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-15 주식회사 에코필 폐기물 매립장 외곽사면부의 마감공법
US8961073B2 (en) * 2009-12-08 2015-02-24 Awt Ip, Llc System and method for strengthening a sloped structure such as a berm, basin, levee, embankment, or the like
US8376657B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2013-02-19 Awt Ip, Llc Berm and method of construction thereof
US8845240B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-09-30 Awt Ip, Llc Berm and method of construction thereof
GB2478805B (en) * 2010-06-17 2014-04-16 Lichen Properties Ltd Method of restoring contaminated land
CN106836171B (zh) * 2017-03-24 2018-05-04 中国矿业大学(北京) 露天煤矿排土场水位实时监测系统及其建立和使用方法
US10145079B1 (en) 2017-10-31 2018-12-04 Awt Ip Llc Berm and method of manufacturing a berm
US11633767B2 (en) * 2021-04-13 2023-04-25 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for recovering landfill gas
AU2021445786A1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2023-10-12 Thess Pty Ltd Method for the impermeabilisation of soils

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1246848A (fr) * 1959-10-13 1960-11-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procédé d'élimination de déchets radioactifs et produits obtenus suivant ce procédé
FR2137794A1 (fr) * 1971-05-14 1972-12-29 Egger Hans
US3732697A (en) * 1972-01-14 1973-05-15 R Dickson Waste disposal method and facility
DE2156315A1 (de) * 1971-11-12 1973-05-24 Georg Dipl Ing Dip Kropfhammer Verfahren zum verhindern der umweltverschmutzung durch abgelagerte abfallprodukte und mittel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
FR2203753A1 (fr) * 1972-10-18 1974-05-17 Tezuka Kosan Kk
DE2542999A1 (de) * 1975-09-26 1977-04-07 Herbert Haedrich Muellablagerungsanlage

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3466873A (en) * 1967-11-30 1969-09-16 Mortimer T Present Sanitary land fill method
US3586624A (en) * 1970-03-02 1971-06-22 Werner Co Waste disposal method and system
DE2152172A1 (de) * 1971-10-20 1973-04-26 Hubert Franken Giftlagerung in betonguss
DE2430371A1 (de) * 1974-06-25 1976-01-08 Ludwig Maurer Verfahren zur deponierung von umweltgefaehrdenden abfaellen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1246848A (fr) * 1959-10-13 1960-11-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procédé d'élimination de déchets radioactifs et produits obtenus suivant ce procédé
FR2137794A1 (fr) * 1971-05-14 1972-12-29 Egger Hans
DE2156315A1 (de) * 1971-11-12 1973-05-24 Georg Dipl Ing Dip Kropfhammer Verfahren zum verhindern der umweltverschmutzung durch abgelagerte abfallprodukte und mittel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US3732697A (en) * 1972-01-14 1973-05-15 R Dickson Waste disposal method and facility
FR2203753A1 (fr) * 1972-10-18 1974-05-17 Tezuka Kosan Kk
DE2542999A1 (de) * 1975-09-26 1977-04-07 Herbert Haedrich Muellablagerungsanlage

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT385215B (de) * 1983-04-28 1988-03-10 Huebl Friedrich Ing Verfahren zur deponierung von sonderabfaellen
EP0226880A1 (fr) * 1985-12-21 1987-07-01 Nukem GmbH Procédé pour conditionner les déchets spéciaux solubles dans l'eau
AT389826B (de) * 1987-05-14 1990-02-12 Seh Sonderabfall Entsorgung Ho Hochdeponie
EP0552092A1 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-21 Sarp Industries Procédé et installation pour le stockage de déchets solidifiés
FR2686275A1 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-23 Sarp Ind Procede et installation pour le stockage de dechets solidifies.
US5276252A (en) * 1992-01-17 1994-01-04 Sarp Industries Method and installation for the storage of solidified wastes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4166709A (en) 1979-09-04
CA1102567A (fr) 1981-06-09
JPS5522394A (en) 1980-02-18

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Inventor name: VALIGA, RICHARD E.