EP0009721A1 - Procédé de traitement de matières textiles par une mousse - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de matières textiles par une mousse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009721A1
EP0009721A1 EP79103530A EP79103530A EP0009721A1 EP 0009721 A1 EP0009721 A1 EP 0009721A1 EP 79103530 A EP79103530 A EP 79103530A EP 79103530 A EP79103530 A EP 79103530A EP 0009721 A1 EP0009721 A1 EP 0009721A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
foamed
dye
finishing agent
textile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79103530A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0009721B1 (fr
Inventor
Razmic S. Gregorian
Chettoor G. Namboodri
John D. Johnson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United Merchants and Manuf Inc
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United Merchants and Manuf Inc
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Application filed by United Merchants and Manuf Inc filed Critical United Merchants and Manuf Inc
Publication of EP0009721A1 publication Critical patent/EP0009721A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0009721B1 publication Critical patent/EP0009721B1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B19/00—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00
    • D06B19/0088—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00 using a short bath ratio liquor
    • D06B19/0094—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00 using a short bath ratio liquor as a foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/96—Dyeing characterised by a short bath ratio
    • D06P1/965—Foam dyeing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to textile materials and, more particularly, to the application of finishing agents to textile materials.
  • the treating of textile materials with finishing agents involves a procedure wherein the finishing agent is either dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid medium carrier such as an aqueous or organic liquid, and then applied to the textile, such as by passing the textile through a bath or vat containing the solution or dispersion. Thereafter, the carrier is removed from the fabric, usually by evaporation with or without heat. Since only a small amount of the finishing agent is needed to achieve the desired effect, a relatively large amount of carrier (water) is used to assure uniform distribution of the finishing agent. This results in relatively large amounts of liquid medium which must be removed from the fabric. Conse- .quently, a substantial amount of the cost incurred in.such processes resides in the liquid medium removal step.
  • a suitable liquid medium carrier such as an aqueous or organic liquid
  • finishing agent For many.textiles it is desired to apply more than one finishing agent thereto. For example, it may be desirable to first dye the textile and then apply a durable press agent or to apply both durable press and soil release agents to the textile. Since relatively few of such combinations of finishing agents can be applied together from the same medium, such multiple agents are typically applied to the textile in a serial manner. Thus, for example, a coloring agent is first applied to the textile; the textile is then dried; and the colored textile then treated with a further fabric finishing agent in a conventional manner and then re-dried.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a serial process for treating a textile with a least one finishing agent which does not require intermediate fixation of the textile prior to application of a foam composition thereover.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a process of the type mentioned which does not present difficulties in the control of the amounts of finishing agent applied to the textile.
  • a textile is first treated with a finishing agent-containing composition and, prior to any significant drying or fixation (i.e., complete removal of all liquid therefrom), is thereafter treated with a second covering composition which is applied in the form of a foam.
  • the textile is then treated to collapse the foamed composition and effect uniform penetration of the finishing agent into the fabric, if desired.
  • the treatment of textiles in accordance with the present invention has the advantage of eliminating costly liquid removal procedures between application of finishing agents. Moreover, it has been found that application of the second finishing agent in the subsequently applied foamed composition avoids the earlier- referred to dilution effect arising from conventional application of the second finishing agent in a liquid solution or suspension since significantly less liquid per se is required when such compositions are applied as foams, and since the foam can be applied without the need for passing the textile through a bath or vat containing the liquid finishing agent composition.
  • the application of the first finishing agent-containing composition to the textile can be accomplished in accordance with conventional techniques, e.g., by continuously passing the textile through a bath or vat containing the liquid composition.
  • the first finishing agent composition may be applied in the form of a foam. In this method of operation, this first foam applied to the textile is collapsed, prior to application of the second foamed composition to the textile. Such collapsing of the first applied foam may occur upon application such as when using rotary screen printers and the like.
  • Finishing agent-containing compositions for utilization in the present invention are known in the art and typically comprise a finishing agent and an aqueous or organic liquid carrier medium along with other known, optional ingredients.
  • foamed compositions are prepared by foaming a mixture comprised of finishing agent, liquid medium and a foaming agent (foam stabilizer) to a blow ratio of from about 2:1 to about 2 0 :1 to result in a foamed composition having a foam density in the range of from about o,5 gm/cc to about o.o5 gm/cc.
  • finishing agents which may be utilized in the treatment of textiles according to the present invention include coloring agents, dyes, pigments, durable press agents, soil release agents, weighting agents, flame retardants, water repellents, softeners, and the like.
  • Foamable, liquid compositions containing such finishing agents, and methods of preparing foams therefrom, are extensively described in detail in the above- mentioned application Serial No. 584,389.
  • the application of the first finishing agent-containing composition may comprise printing the textile with a pre-selected pattern in accordance with known procedures, e.g., by use of an intaglio printing cylinder or a rotary screen printer.
  • the first composition may be a conventional liquid printing composition, a foamed printing composition or a powdered composition.
  • a foamed composition, with another finishing agent is applied to the textile prior to fixation of the first applied finishing agent to the printed textile.
  • the process of the present invention will typically be utilized for the serial application of two or more differing types of finishing agents to a textile, e.g., a colorant and a water-repellent or a colorant and a durable press agent, although numerous other combinations exist.
  • textile material is intended to include, without limitation, fabrics made from threads, yarns, woven or knitted goods, resin bonded mats of fibres, and the like.
  • the second, serially applied fabric finishing agent is applied to the textile in the form of a foam while the textile still contains a first finishing agent-containing composition (either foam, liquid or powder).
  • a first finishing agent-containing composition either foam, liquid or powder.
  • some liquid may be removed by virtue of passage of the textile through conventional squeeze rolls prior to passing to the second serial application step.
  • the generally preferred manner of collapsing the foam is accomplished by the printing screen or print roller at the instant the foam is applied to the fabric.
  • the textile to which the second finishing agent composition is applied will have about 1o to 65% liquid, by weight, associated therewith.
  • a roll of fabric 1 0 travelling in the direction indicated by the arrow, is passed by suitable conveying means to a bath 12 containing a pre-prepared liquid, e.g., aqueous or organic liquid, solution or dispersion containing an appropriate finishing agent, e.g., a dye material to color the fabric.
  • a pre-prepared liquid e.g., aqueous or organic liquid, solution or dispersion containing an appropriate finishing agent, e.g., a dye material to color the fabric.
  • a foamable liquid composition comprised of liquid, foaming agent and finishing agent, e. g. a durable press agent, is formed into a foam in foamer 18.
  • Foamer 18 may be any type foaming device - conventionally utilized in the art, e.g., Oakes, God- win card, Kitchenaid, etc.
  • the foamed composition is transferred trough line 22 by pump 2o to knife 24. At this point the foamed composition is coated onto the dyed fabric to produce a coated fabric 26.
  • the coated fabric 26 then goes trough nip rollers 28 and 3o to compress and collapse the foam and achieve penetration of finishing agent into the fabric. Such foam collapse may also be achieved by the application of vacuum, or a combination of vacuum and padding.
  • the impregnated fabric is conveyed through a fixation means 32 which may be any of those conventionally known in the art.
  • the fixed fabric is then wound on to take-up roll 34.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative embodiment of the process of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2.
  • a roll of fabric 4 0 travelling in the direction of the arrow by suitable conveying means, is coated with a first foamed fabric finishing agent composition.
  • a foamed composition is prepared by foaming a suitable composition, e.g., a dye-containing foamable composition, in foamer 42.
  • the foamed composition is pumped by pump 44 through line 46 to a rotary printing screen 48 at which a predetermined pattern is applied to the fabric.
  • a rotary printing screen 48 As mentioned previously, with such a printing screen, the foam is caused to collapse upon application. If a procedure is employed in which the foam is not collapsed upon application, the so-coated fabric 5o is then passed over vacuum or padding device 56 or a combination of the two which serves to collapse the foam but which does not effect liquid removal from the fabric.
  • the so treated fabric 66 is then coated with a second foamed finishing agent composition, formed by foaming a suitable composition, e.g., a durable press-containing foamable composition, in foamer 58.
  • the second foamed composition is transferred by pump 6 0 through line 62 to knife 64 where it is coated on the fabric.
  • the so-coated fabric 68 then passes through nip rollers 7o and 72 to collapse the foam and deeply penetrate the finishing agent into the fabric.
  • the fabric is then conveyed to a fixation means 74 and wound on take-up roll 76.
  • the foamed finishing agent composition may also be applied by spraying or blowing it through a nozzle onto the fabric.
  • a foamable durable press resin composition was prepared containing 52.1 0 % water, o.62% Methocel J-75MS (an etherified hydroxyethyl cellulose), 1.37% Unamide N-72-3 (a coconut alkanolamide from Lonza Chem. Co.), 36.16% Valrez-248 (a modified glyoxal resin) and 9.8% Valcat No. 7 (a magnesium chloride catalyst).
  • This composition was foamed to a blow ratio of 9:1 and knife coated to a thickness of 6 mils on the wet printed samples previously prepared as described above. The fabric samples were then vacuumed, dried and cured at 35o F.
  • the definition of the prints was excellent and the fabrics possessed durable press properties tested after repeated laundering.
  • the print exhibited severe flushing and loss of definition so as to make the fabric commercially unacceptable. There was also some transfer of color to the pad bath.
  • the foamable durable press resin composition described in Example I was foamed to a blow ratio of 8:1 and knife-coated to a thickness of 6 mils onto loo% cotton and 5o/5o polyester/cotton blend fabrics.
  • the fabrics were vacuumed and, while wet, were printed utilizing the foamed pigment composition and conditions described in
  • a second durable press resin composition containing 5o.75% water, 0.75% QP-52ooo, 35% Valrez-248, 3% Valsof PE-19 (a polyethylene emulsion), 1% Unamide N-72-3 and 9.5% Valcat No. 7 was also foamed to a blow ratio of 1o:1.
  • the dye foam was coated to a thickness of 2o mils and the coated fabric pulled over a vacuum (wet pick-up 45%).
  • the durable press foam composition was knife-coated to a thickness of 25 mils. The fabric was then vacuumed (total wet pick-up 62%), and dried and cured at 33o°F for 3 minutes.
  • the fabric contained good durable press properties and was uniformly dyed.
  • a sample of the wet foam dyed fabric was also passed through a conventional finishing bath consisting of Valrez-248, Valsof PE-19 and Valcat No. 7 in the same ratio as the foam finishing composition but at an 8% solids concentration. There was significant bleeding of color into the pad bath causing the fabric to be off-shade.
  • the durable press resin composition of Example III was foamed to a blow ratio of 10:1 and coated to a thickness of 25 mils onto the wet beck-dyed fabric. The fabric was then padded at 35 p.s.i.g., dried at 22o°F and cured at 33o°F for 3 minutes.
  • the fabric possessed durable press properties and was uniformly dyed.
  • a foamable disperse dye composition containing 2% Resolin Brill. Yellow 7 GL in 98% of a composition confining o.75% QP-52ooo, 1.5% Unamide N-72-3 and 97.75% water (adjusted to a pH of 5.5 with acetic acid) was prepared and foamed to a blow ratio of 8:1. This foamed composrtion was then knife coated to a thickness of 35 mils on a polyester double knit fabric. The fabric was then passed over a vacuum slot.
  • a second foamable composition containing 2% Resolin Red FB (Disperse Red-6o) in 98% of a composition containing 0,75% QP-52ooo, 1.5% Unamide N-72-3, and 97.75% water (adjusted to pH 5.5) is foamed to a blow ratio of 3:1 and over printed through a 5o mesh rotary screen printer on the wet foam-dye applied polyester knit.
  • the knit fabric is then dried and thermosoled at 35o°F for color fixation to produce special over printing effects.
  • a foamable composition containing 4 parts Rapidogen Red KB, 1 part caustic (5 0 % soln.) and 95 parts of an alkaline foamable composition containing 3.5% 3o9-7o acrylic, 9 0 .5% water, o.5% ammonia and 5.5% 3o9-59 ammonium stearate (2 0 % soln.) was foamed to a blow ratio of 8:1 and knife coated to a thickness of 25 mils on a cotton sheeting sample. The coated sample was then padded at 3o p.s.i.g. (wet pick-up 4o%).
  • a second sample was foam printed through a 5o mesh rotary screen printer with the same foam.
  • An acid color developing foam was prepared by dissolving 2 parts acetic acid and 2 parts formic acid in 96 parts of a foamable composition containing 1.5 parts Unamide N-72-3, 0.75 parts QP-52ooo and 97.75 parts water, and foaming to a 1 0 :1 blow ratio.
  • This foamed composition was coated to a thickness of 25 mils onto each of the above-referred to wet samples. The samples were then vacuumed from the back to collapse the foam and then steamed at 21o°F to remove acid vapor and water. The color was developed and demonstrated good fixation.
  • the printed fabric had excellent definition.
  • a foamable prewetting composition containing o.5 parts Valdet4o16 and 94.5 parts water was prepared.
  • the composition was foamed to a 1 0 :1 blow ratio and 25 mils of foam was coated on a cotton velour upholstery material and padded.
  • direct dye foam was applied as follows:
  • a 1o% solution of procion Red MX 5B reactive dye in water was prepared.
  • the dye solution was applied to a cotton carpet pile in a random pattern.
  • the carpet was vacuumed from the back side and padded. Then for reactive dye fixation, the sample was wet stored for 4 hrs. and dried at 22o°F. The randomly applied color had good penetration inside pile.
  • a foamable composition consisting of 3.5 parts of Val- thick-7o (an acrylic acid emulsion polymer), o.5 parts of aqua ammonia 5.5 parts of a 2o% solution of ammonium stearate and 9o.5 parts of water was prepared.
  • a second foamable composition consisting of 1.5 parts of Valdet CC(a fatty acid diethanolamide manufactured by Valchem) o.75 parts of Cellosize QP 52ooo (a hydroxyethyl cellulose manufactured by Union Carbide) and 97.75 parts of water was prepared.
  • this second foamable composition was added 8 parts of Fast Scarlet 2G salt (C.I. Azoic Diazo Component 3) and 2 parts of acetic acid.
  • the composition was mechanically foamed to an 8 to 1 blow ratio and a 1o mil coating was applied to the wet fabric samples previously coated with the first composition. The sample was padded at 3o psi. and exposed to air for 3 minutes.
  • the fabric was then dried.
  • the dried fabric was soaped to remove the uncoupled components. Good color development was achieved.
  • a first foamable composition consisting of 3.5 parts of Acrysol ASE-6o (an acrylic acid emulsion polymer manufactured by Rohm and Haas), 0.5 parts of aqua ammonia, 5.8 parts of a 2o% solution of ammonium stearate and 9o.2 parts of water was prepared.
  • Sodyesul Liquid Blue 4BGCF C.I. Leuco Sulfur Blue 13
  • Sodified B a solution of sodium sulfide manufactured by Southern Dyestuff Company
  • the composition was mechanically foamed to a 6 to 1 blow ratio. Fifty mils of the foamed composition was then knife coated onto a cotton corduroy fabric. The coated fabric was passed over a vacuum slot and then padded at 3o psi.
  • a second fabric sample was coated with 25 mils of the foamed composition and padded only.
  • a foamable oxidizing composition consisting of 1 part of Valdet CC, 1 part of acetic acid, 1 part of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution and 97 parts of water was prepared.
  • This composition was foamed to a 1o to 1 blow ratio and 2Oo mils of the foam was knife coated onto the previously wet steamed samples.
  • the thus coated fabric samples were passed over a vacuum slot to draw the foam into the fabric.
  • the dye was oxidized.
  • a foamable vat pigment composition consisting of 96 parts of the first foamable composition described in Example X and 4 parts of Vat Yellow 4 paste (manufactured by Ciba Geigy) was prepared.
  • composition was foamed to an 8 to 1 blow ratio and then knife coated to a thickness of 25 mils onto cotton sheeting.
  • the coated fabrics was then padded and dried.
  • a second foamable reducing composition was prepared from 5 parts of 5o% sodium hydroxide solution, 3 parts of sodium hydrosulfite, 2 parts of Valdet CC and 9o parts of water. This composition was then mechanically foamed to an 8 to 1 blow ratio and a loo mil coating applied to the previous vat pigment coated fabric. The fabric was then passed over a vacuum slot and steamed at 21o 0 F for 5 minutes for reduction of vat pigment.
  • the wet steamed fabric was then oxidized to develop and . fix the color by applying the foamed oxidizing composition previously described in Example X.
  • the fabric was then dried. A level dyeing with good fastness properties was obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
EP19790103530 1978-09-19 1979-09-19 Procédé de traitement de matières textiles par une mousse Expired EP0009721B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94382978A 1978-09-19 1978-09-19
US943829 1978-09-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0009721A1 true EP0009721A1 (fr) 1980-04-16
EP0009721B1 EP0009721B1 (fr) 1983-07-27

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ID=25480341

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EP19790103530 Expired EP0009721B1 (fr) 1978-09-19 1979-09-19 Procédé de traitement de matières textiles par une mousse

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0009721B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS55500762A (fr)
AU (1) AU525522B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR7905992A (fr)
CA (1) CA1132762A (fr)
GB (1) GB2051885B (fr)
SE (1) SE8003726L (fr)
WO (1) WO1980000545A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0048348A1 (fr) * 1980-09-16 1982-03-31 Ramisch Kleinewefers GmbH Procédé et installation d'enduction uniforme de matériaux en bandes par des liquides, des bains ou des pâtes
FR2498214A1 (fr) * 1981-01-19 1982-07-23 Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq Procede d'application sur des supports plans, textiles ou non textiles, de produits sous forme de mousse
EP0058139A1 (fr) * 1981-02-11 1982-08-18 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé de teinture ou de finissage de matières fibreuses textiles
EP0030919B1 (fr) * 1979-12-14 1983-08-17 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé d'affinage, en particulier de teinture, d'azurage optique ou d'apprêtage de matières textiles fibreuses
EP0162018A1 (fr) * 1984-05-18 1985-11-21 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé de teinture ou d'impression de tissu contenant de la cellulose avec des colorants de cuve

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3020668C2 (de) * 1980-05-30 1984-03-08 Küsters, Eduard, 4150 Krefeld Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Bahn mit Schaum
DE3301607A1 (de) * 1983-01-19 1984-07-26 Mathias 4815 Schloss Holte Mitter Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln, bedrucken oder faerben von warenbahnen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2266766A1 (fr) * 1974-04-03 1975-10-31 Hoechst Ag
US3969780A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-07-20 Henderson James M Continuous carpet dyeing process
FR2312597A1 (fr) * 1975-05-28 1976-12-24 Hoechst Ag Procede d'obtention d'effets de couleur irreguliers
BE853697A (fr) * 1975-06-06 1977-08-16 United Merchants & Mfg Procede de traitement de tissus
US4099913A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-07-11 Union Carbide Corporation Foams for treating fabrics
DE2722083A1 (de) * 1977-05-16 1978-11-23 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren zur behandlung eines poroesen substrates

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2971458A (en) * 1957-12-30 1961-02-14 Interchem Corp Process of coloring textile materials
US3030232A (en) * 1958-02-17 1962-04-17 Morgenstern David Surface decoration of sheet material
GB1134221A (en) * 1965-01-29 1968-11-20 Courtaulds Ltd Improvements in and relating to the dyeing of pile fabrics
US3762860A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-10-02 Dexter Chemical Corp Foam dyeing process
US3990840A (en) * 1972-03-24 1976-11-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for the dyeing and/or finishing of textile plane articles
US3954404A (en) * 1972-06-22 1976-05-04 Rca Corporation Diphenyl continuous foam dyeing with fabric running over rolls in foam bath
US3932129A (en) * 1974-07-17 1976-01-13 Rick Anthony Porter Space dyed yarn production using dense foams

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969780A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-07-20 Henderson James M Continuous carpet dyeing process
FR2266766A1 (fr) * 1974-04-03 1975-10-31 Hoechst Ag
FR2312597A1 (fr) * 1975-05-28 1976-12-24 Hoechst Ag Procede d'obtention d'effets de couleur irreguliers
BE853697A (fr) * 1975-06-06 1977-08-16 United Merchants & Mfg Procede de traitement de tissus
US4099913A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-07-11 Union Carbide Corporation Foams for treating fabrics
DE2722083A1 (de) * 1977-05-16 1978-11-23 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren zur behandlung eines poroesen substrates

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0030919B1 (fr) * 1979-12-14 1983-08-17 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé d'affinage, en particulier de teinture, d'azurage optique ou d'apprêtage de matières textiles fibreuses
EP0048348A1 (fr) * 1980-09-16 1982-03-31 Ramisch Kleinewefers GmbH Procédé et installation d'enduction uniforme de matériaux en bandes par des liquides, des bains ou des pâtes
FR2498214A1 (fr) * 1981-01-19 1982-07-23 Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq Procede d'application sur des supports plans, textiles ou non textiles, de produits sous forme de mousse
EP0058139A1 (fr) * 1981-02-11 1982-08-18 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé de teinture ou de finissage de matières fibreuses textiles
EP0162018A1 (fr) * 1984-05-18 1985-11-21 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé de teinture ou d'impression de tissu contenant de la cellulose avec des colorants de cuve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS55500762A (fr) 1980-10-09
GB2051885A (en) 1981-01-21
AU5097079A (en) 1980-03-27
CA1132762A (fr) 1982-10-05
SE8003726L (sv) 1980-05-19
EP0009721B1 (fr) 1983-07-27
BR7905992A (pt) 1980-06-03
GB2051885B (en) 1982-10-20
AU525522B2 (en) 1982-11-11
WO1980000545A1 (fr) 1980-04-03

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