EP0010679A1 - Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0010679A1
EP0010679A1 EP79103980A EP79103980A EP0010679A1 EP 0010679 A1 EP0010679 A1 EP 0010679A1 EP 79103980 A EP79103980 A EP 79103980A EP 79103980 A EP79103980 A EP 79103980A EP 0010679 A1 EP0010679 A1 EP 0010679A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
heat exchanger
gas
collector
sheet metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79103980A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0010679B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Maus
Helmut Ing. Grad. Swars
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Niemeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh
Original Assignee
Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh filed Critical Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh
Priority to AT79103980T priority Critical patent/ATE4747T1/de
Publication of EP0010679A1 publication Critical patent/EP0010679A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0010679B1 publication Critical patent/EP0010679B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases of high temperature, in particular for the transfer of heat from a high-temperature reactor from a primary gas circuit to a secondary gas circuit.
  • the secondary gas is to be conducted in counterflow to the primary gas in numerous parallel U-pipes.
  • Heat exchangers whose heat-transferring surfaces consist of U-tubes, have considerable advantages, particularly as steam generators, compared to heat exchangers with straight tubes, because the U-tubes are firmly clamped at both ends, but with their U-bends against the housing or against them Can extend the suspension freely.
  • the U tube heat exchangers Compared to the reversible tube heat exchangers proposed for gases of high temperature, the U tube heat exchangers have several significant advantages.
  • U-pipes are easier to test and repair after assembly and also after a long period of operation, because you can quickly and reliably test the long, straight legs of these U-pipes from the inside with long probes, which is very important for spiral-tube heat exchangers because of their complicated shape is difficult.
  • a gas heat exchanger operated in countercurrent between the primary and the secondary medium has only a small temperature difference, which is also approximately constant over the length of the pipes, so that there are no significant temperature differences in the pipes themselves, in their suspension or in the duct walls surrounding the pipes can occur that cause impermissible voltages.
  • a U-tube heat exchanger for gases of, for example, 950 C has considerable problems because the supply and discharge lines and the corresponding collectors for the cold or hot gas have to be separated spatially and constructively, on the one hand, to reduce the stresses between components of different types To avoid temperature and on the other hand undesirable heat loss. Since the supply and discharge lines and the corresponding collectors for the cold or hot gas have considerable dimensions and, accordingly, very different expansions can be expected in different operating conditions, in particular in the longitudinal direction, at least one collector must be elastically fastened. The U-tubes themselves cannot accommodate these expansions because at the high temperatures provided here, the stresses that are still permissible for the materials that can be used are low.
  • the object of the present invention is a heat exchanger according to the preamble of the first claim.
  • This heat exchanger should be suitable for maximum temperatures of around 950 ° C and for temperature differences of around 650 ° C between the gas inlet and the gas outlet and should therefore largely avoid stresses due to different temperatures.
  • this heat exchanger should be fully testable and, insofar as it is used for nuclear reactor plants, can be tested remotely from the secondary gas side without having to open the primary gas circuit.
  • the heat exchanger proposed in the first claim avoids stresses because the U-tubes themselves and the cold gas collector attached to them can expand freely with respect to the hot gas collector and with respect to the housing. Since the cold gas collector is not endangered by high temperatures either on the primary or on the secondary side of a gas heat exchanger operated in counterflow, this cold gas collector can be connected to the housing with conventional flexible elements such as corrugated pipes. The components of the cold gas collector can also be protected from the high temperatures of the hot gas collector by spatial separation and appropriate insulation. The flexible elements are not burdened by the weight of the U-tubes.
  • the partition wall proposed in the second claim has a local temperature in a countercurrently operated heat exchanger, which is only slightly different from the temperature of the adjacent heat exchanger Rohres differs. Since this partition is thin-walled and insulated on one side and a gas stream flows on the other side at high speed, this partition has about the same temperature as the neighboring heat exchanger tube even when the gas temperature changes due to operation, and expands accordingly to the same extent like this.tube out. Therefore, very different expansions cannot occur between the pipes and the partition wall, and this partition wall can be used not only for the gas routing but also as a supporting component between the hot gas collector and the cold gas collector.
  • the space proposed in the third claim separated from the primary gas circuit is of essential importance in heat exchangers for nuclear power plants, since the primary gas circuit inevitably contains radioactive contaminants. If you fill this space with the pure primary medium and ensure that the pressure in the room is always the same as that in the primary gas circuit, by means of a suitable control or pressure compensation, then this room is not endangered by the high pressure of the primary gas circuit. If, in addition, a slight overpressure is maintained in this room compared to the primary gas circuit, then it is even guaranteed that no radioactive contaminants can penetrate into this room even with small leaks.
  • the arrangement proposed in claim 4 is particularly useful for heat exchangers that are to be accommodated in a cylindrical housing.
  • the hot gas collector which is particularly stressed by high temperatures, has a straight, cylindrical tube with a geometrically simple shape with clear, precisely calculable loads. The insulation can also be easily and reliably attached to such a geometrically simple component.
  • the cold gas collector which is much less stressed by the lower gas temperature, surrounds the hot gas collector in a ring-shaped and concentric manner and is connected to it or the housing by flexible elements.
  • These flexible elements can either be two corrugated tubes arranged concentrically one inside the other, which form an annular space, or several corrugated tubes of smaller diameter distributed over the circumference. Both embodiments can form the separate space described in claim 3, the supply lines from the outside to the cold gas collector being arranged inside or outside of this space.
  • the holder of the U-tubes proposed in claim 5 transmits the weight of the U-tubes and their forces to the central hot gas collector, so that the U-tubes laid from this clamping to the hot gas collector with an arc only have to absorb the low forces that can result from a different expansion of the hot gas collector and holder.
  • the conical shape of the central hot gas collector proposed in claim 6 allows the vertical U-pipes arranged at different distances from the center of the collector to be connected to the central hot gas collector with the same bend, so that the stresses in all pipe bends are the same.
  • the insulating wall proposed in claim 7 between the central hot gas collector and the primary gas inlet separates this collector from the hot primary gas circuit. Therefore, this collector can only have the temperature of the secondary gas, which is about 50 ° below that of the primary gas. At the high temperatures provided here, 50 are less important for the strength of the collector.
  • the sheet metal jackets proposed in claim 8 / claim are intended on the one hand to prevent the hot primary gas from flowing past the U-tubes without heat exchange and on the other hand to reduce the heat exchange between two hot gas streams of different temperatures. Therefore, a non-insulated sheet metal jacket is initially provided in the immediate vicinity of the U-tube bundle, which constantly has the same temperature as the tube bundle itself and therefore expands with it in the same sense. Another insulated sheet metal jacket is attached to the housing and can therefore expand completely independently of the tube bundle. The gap between these two sheet metal jackets is only closed at its cold end by a flexible element, such as a corrugated tube, which is quite permissible there, so that no subsets of the primary gas can flow through this gap without heat exchange with the U-tubes.
  • a flexible element such as a corrugated tube
  • the corrugated cross section of the sheet metal jacket solves two different problems; on the one hand, the sheet metal jackets become flexible in the circumferential direction, so that they can expand together with the tube bundle; on the other hand, by these waves, if their division corresponds to the neighboring pipe division, it is avoided that channels develop between the U-pipes and the sheet metal jackets, in which the gas finds a lower flow resistance, accordingly flows faster there and is cooled less, so that in the end Different gas temperatures can be expected across the cross-section.
  • the support proposed in claim 10 is intended to carry the cold gas collector and the components attached to it during inspections and repairs so that the upper part of the hot gas collector can be removed and its lower part can be checked.
  • this support can serve as a safeguard against the heat exchanger falling and as a limitation of the vibrations during earthquakes.
  • the completely closed, cylindrical heat exchanger housing 1 is delimited at its upper end by a support plate 2, to which an upper central hot gas pipe is attached, which in turn carries a lower central hot gas collector 4. Both parts are protected on the inside by the insulation 5.
  • the central hot gas collector 4 In the lower conical part of the central hot gas collector 4, the hot ends of the U-tubes 6, which are clamped at 7 and carried by the central hot gas collector 4 with a special holder 8, open out.
  • this collector 4 carries a double-walled and also U-shaped partition 9 in longitudinal section, which is filled with insulation 10.
  • the U-tubes 6 form an annular tube bundle, which is delimited both internally and externally initially by a concentric, non-insulated sheet metal jacket 11 of U-shaped longitudinal section and then by two concentric, insulated sheet metal jackets 12 and 13. A gap is provided between these sheet metal shells, which is flexibly sealed at the cold end by a corrugated tube 14.
  • the U-tubes 6 and the double-walled partition 9 carry at their cold end an annular tube plate 15, on the top of which an annular cold gas collector 16 is also releasably attached. In this collector 16 several, distributed over the circumference helically wound cold gas pipes 17 open, which lead the cold secondary gas from the outside to the U-tubes 6.
  • the tube plate 15 forms, together with the upper end of the housing 1, with the support plate 2 and with at least two concentric corrugated tubes 18 and 19, a space 20 which is separate from the primary gas circuit underneath and which also encloses the tubes 17 in FIG.
  • This Room 20 is filled with the pure medium of the primary gas circuit during operation of the system and is kept at the pressure of the primary gas circuit by means of a control system (not shown in more detail) or by means of pressure compensation. In this way, this space 20 is not burdened by pressure differences and can be opened at reduced pressure in the primary gas circuit from the outside and used for inspection and repair of the collector and the U-pipes, without having to open the primary gas circuit itself.
  • Below the hot gas collector 4 there is an insulating wall 21 which is fastened to the holder 8 and separates the hot gas collector 4 from the primary gas circuit.
  • FIG. 2 shows with the same designations as in FIG. 1 how the U-tubes 6 are arranged in cross-section with their cold leg 6b and the warm leg 6a.
  • the primary gas temperature should not have any significant differences in cross-section with regard to the lowest possible thermal stresses. Therefore, the flow resistance and thus also the free cross-sections outside the U-tubes must remain the same in cross-section from outside to inside. It has therefore proven to be expedient to arrange the individual U-tubes with a constant pitch in involute-curved vertical surfaces. These curved surfaces, each consisting of thirteen U-tubes 6 in FIG. 2, can be preassembled in the workshop and then assembled as a whole surface in the concentric sheet metal jacket 11.
  • the insulated sheet metal wall 13 which serves as a guide for the incoming hot primary gas, is surrounded at a distance by the inner sheet metal jacket 11a, which, together with the inner partition wall 9a, delimits the hot legs 6a of the U-tubes 6, while the outer partition 9b, together with the outer sheet metal jacket 11b, delimits the cold legs 6b of the U-tubes 6.
  • the insulated sheet metal jacket 12 is arranged at a distance, which in turn, together with the housing 1 (not shown in FIG. 2), represents an annular channel for the cooled primary gas flowing downward.
  • the partitions 9 and sheet metal jackets 11 are shown in FIG. 2 with a corrugated cross section.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show how the hot ends of the U-tubes 6 are fastened between the holder 8 and the partition 9.
  • Two cylindrical sleeves 30 are fastened one above the other on the U-tubes 6, for example by high-temperature soldering.
  • Corresponding sheet metal strips 31 are inserted between these two sleeves 30 during assembly, which are bent in an involute manner and angled at both ends, so that they fit into a corresponding rotation of the holder 8 or on the partition 9.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as an alternative to FIG. 1, the upper part of the heat exchanger housing 1, which is likewise delimited at its upper end by a support plate 2 to which an upper central hot gas pipe 3 is fastened, which in turn carries a lower central hot gas collector 4.
  • a hollow annular cold gas collector 32 is provided here, which, like in FIG. 1, can be supplied with cold gas from the outside with a plurality of cold gas pipes 33 distributed over the circumference.
  • the cold gas collector 32 itself is closed during normal operation with one or more lids 34 which are arranged within a space 20 which is separate from the primary gas circuit and which has the same function as the corresponding space 20 in FIG.
  • Part 37 is the support proposed in claim 10 for the cold gas collector 32 or the tube plate 15 from FIG. 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP79103980A 1978-10-26 1979-10-15 Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température Expired EP0010679B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79103980T ATE4747T1 (de) 1978-10-26 1979-10-15 Waermetauscher fuer gase von hoher temperatur.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2846581 1978-10-26
DE19782846581 DE2846581A1 (de) 1978-10-26 1978-10-26 Waermetauscher fuer gase von hoher temperatur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0010679A1 true EP0010679A1 (fr) 1980-05-14
EP0010679B1 EP0010679B1 (fr) 1983-09-21

Family

ID=6053147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79103980A Expired EP0010679B1 (fr) 1978-10-26 1979-10-15 Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4285393A (fr)
EP (1) EP0010679B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5560191A (fr)
AT (1) ATE4747T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE2846581A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2535836A1 (fr) * 1982-11-05 1984-05-11 Novatome Echangeur de chaleur pour fluides a temperature elevee dont l'un des fluides entre et sort par la partie superieure de l'echangeur
CH662638A5 (de) * 1982-11-24 1987-10-15 Sulzer Ag Waermeuebertragersystem, vorzugsweise fuer ein prozessgas.
FR2548345B1 (fr) * 1983-07-01 1985-10-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur c
GB2152204B (en) * 1983-12-30 1988-02-24 Smidth & Co As F L Heat exchanger
JPS60170589U (ja) * 1984-04-20 1985-11-12 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 熱交換器
CH665274A5 (de) * 1984-07-05 1988-04-29 Sulzer Ag Waermeuebertrager.
DE3529634A1 (de) * 1985-08-19 1987-02-26 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Waermetauscher fuer den waermetausch zwischen einem heissen gas und einem in rohrbuendelheizflaechen gefuehrten stroemungsmittel, insbesondere dampferzeuger fuer gasgekuehlte hochtemperaturreaktoren
US4861661A (en) * 1986-06-27 1989-08-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Co-spun filament within a hollow filament and spinneret for production thereof
US5140886A (en) * 1989-03-02 1992-08-25 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone signal generating apparatus having waveform memory with multiparameter addressing system
SE519051C2 (sv) * 2001-05-21 2003-01-07 Rekuperator Svenska Ab Anordning vid röranslutning för värmeväxlare
WO2003056265A1 (fr) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-10 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Echangeur thermique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR702777A (fr) * 1930-09-24 1931-04-16 échangeur de température
GB1175972A (en) * 1966-10-13 1970-01-01 English Electric Co Ltd Heat exchangers.
DE2658086A1 (de) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-08 Voest Ag Waermetauscher
FR2369658A2 (fr) * 1976-11-12 1978-05-26 Sulzer Ag Circuit de transfert de chaleur

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2468903A (en) * 1945-09-22 1949-05-03 Tech Studien Ag Vertical tubular heat exchanger
US3156296A (en) * 1960-12-05 1964-11-10 C Aug Schmidt Sohne G M B H Ma High pressure pre-heater for feed water
US3187807A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-06-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat exchanger
DE1551050A1 (de) * 1967-03-25 1970-02-05 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger,insbesondere fuer Druckwasserkernreaktoren
US3596638A (en) * 1968-10-15 1971-08-03 Siemens Ag Forced-flow steam generator to be heated by pressurized coolant of a nuclear reactor
US3670810A (en) * 1971-01-15 1972-06-20 Atomic Power Dev Ass Inc Heat exchanger
US3741167A (en) * 1971-03-02 1973-06-26 Foster Wheeler Corp Sodium heated steam generator
US3850231A (en) * 1973-05-24 1974-11-26 Combustion Eng Lmfbr intermediate heat exchanger
DE2539440C3 (de) * 1975-09-04 1979-06-07 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Wärmetauscher mit zwei ineinander angeordneten zylindrischen Behältermänteln, die Ringräume bilden
DE2612081A1 (de) * 1976-03-22 1977-10-20 Kraftwerk Union Ag Dampferzeuger fuer druckwasser- kernreaktoren
US4098329A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-07-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Modular heat exchanger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR702777A (fr) * 1930-09-24 1931-04-16 échangeur de température
GB1175972A (en) * 1966-10-13 1970-01-01 English Electric Co Ltd Heat exchangers.
DE2658086A1 (de) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-08 Voest Ag Waermetauscher
FR2369658A2 (fr) * 1976-11-12 1978-05-26 Sulzer Ag Circuit de transfert de chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2846581A1 (de) 1980-05-08
EP0010679B1 (fr) 1983-09-21
JPS5560191A (en) 1980-05-07
ATE4747T1 (de) 1983-10-15
DE2966196D1 (en) 1983-10-27
US4285393A (en) 1981-08-25
JPS6334395B2 (fr) 1988-07-11

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