EP0017875A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau d'activation pour électrode de tube à décharge dans un gaz - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau d'activation pour électrode de tube à décharge dans un gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017875A1
EP0017875A1 EP80101823A EP80101823A EP0017875A1 EP 0017875 A1 EP0017875 A1 EP 0017875A1 EP 80101823 A EP80101823 A EP 80101823A EP 80101823 A EP80101823 A EP 80101823A EP 0017875 A1 EP0017875 A1 EP 0017875A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode activation
composition according
activation composition
titanium
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80101823A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0017875B1 (fr
Inventor
Axel Dr. Rer. Nat. Dipl.-Chem. Hahndorff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0017875A1 publication Critical patent/EP0017875A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0017875B1 publication Critical patent/EP0017875B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H01J17/06—Cathodes
    • H01J17/066—Cold cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode activation composition for a gas discharge tube, containing a metal oxide from the fourth subgroup of the periodic table.
  • Such an electrode activation composition is known for use in surge arresters, for example from DE-OS 19 35 734, according to which thorium oxide has been proposed as the metal oxide of the fourth subgroup.
  • Electrode activation compositions are generally used in gas discharge tubes and, depending on the application, are used to substantially influence the important electrical parameters.
  • the gas discharge tube is used as a surge arrester or controllable as a switching tube (so-called cold cathode thyratron) or as a flash tube: an important requirement is aimed at a low glow-arc transition. This is defined as the current instantaneous value at which the ignited gas discharge changes from the glow discharge into the arc discharge. Low values result in good ignition behavior, especially when igniting over one third electrode with low ignition currents and long life due to good current carrying capacity. In addition, the minimum operating voltage is advantageously small.
  • a low glow-arc transition can be achieved with an electrode activation compound which contains radioactive thorium oxide as an effective component.
  • the safety measures required due to radioactivity and thus environmental hazards, as well as the considerable waste disposal costs mean a serious disadvantage.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of replacing the radioactive thorium oxide with a material which is not radioactive but also not expensive and in particular does not combine the advantages of a low glow-arc transition with disadvantages, for example due to too easy atomization or Vaporizability, which could result in conductive deposits and thus short circuits on the inner wall of the gas discharge vessel.
  • the metal oxide is a titanium oxide.
  • titanium oxide that, depending on the application purpose, ie depending on the in conjunction with other factors such as electrode area, electrode distance, gas pressure, spark ignition or Eigenz ü invention desired electrical characteristics, the titanium in the oxide tetravalent orumbleer garden and can also be composed of non-stoichiometric values. It is essential that titanium oxide is a non-toxic and inexpensive substance and that this component in the electrode activation compound ensures that the arc remains stationary at extremely low currents and low voltages keep loads entertained. Titanium oxide combines good electron emissivity with relatively poor thermal conductivity.
  • the mass is generally applied as a pasty mixture to an electrode or to the electrodes and is formed in a forming process to form the active mass.
  • One possibility now consists of starting from tetravalent titanium dioxide and producing a lower-quality titanium oxide in the forming process, the other starting from titanium or titanium hydride and producing a higher-quality titanium oxide in the forming process.
  • the electrode activation composition contains titanium and / or titanium hydride and an oxidizing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby a titanium oxide is at least partially formed in a forming process, or that it is titanium and / or when applied to the electrodes Contains titanium hydride, which is at least partially oxidized in a forming process in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.
  • the electrode activation composition contain titanium dioxide and a reducing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby the titanium dioxide is at least partially reduced to a lower-value titanium oxide in a forming process.
  • the reducing agent used is the metallic material known per se in an electrode activation compound Titanium (eg DE-PS 19 51 601) is proposed as an admixture or a barium-aluminum alloy known per se, for example from DE-AS 19 50 090, or an alkali compound such as potassium azide or potassium boranate.
  • both a high DC response voltage and a high maximum operating voltage of a gas discharge tube are achieved, as well as a low minimum operating voltage and low arc burning voltages.
  • the achievable large ratio of the "maximum operating voltage without spontaneous ignition” to the "minimum operating voltage with 50% probability of ignition when subjected to a specific trigger pulse" in triggerable gas discharge tubes can be used technically advantageously.
  • the maximum operating voltage may be very high, or the minimum trigger DC voltage that can still be triggered may be very low.
  • the requirements can also be increased, for example insofar as data sheet specifications are met not only in one but in both polarities.
  • low ignition currents are particularly advantageous in the case of triggerable gas discharge tubes. Discharge currents below 10 mA can easily be generated; there is no need for electrode lead-throughs for ignition electrodes in the discharge vessel. An externally attached conductive surface is sufficient, provided an AC voltage of at least 2 kV at 0.1 MHz is available to overcome the capacitive resistance of the vessel wall. Ahead Setting the arc to ignite is then only a sufficiently high gas pressure of about 400 m bar to 500 m bar in the discharge vessel. The ignition starts at the cathode on a very small area with a glow discharge of high power density, about a few kW per cm 2 , after which an incandescent, electron-emitting arc base is created within about 10-5 seconds.
  • the gas discharge tube can switch through in its main discharge path or short-circuit a flash capacitor in the case of a flash tube if its charging voltage is significantly above the operating voltage of the secondary discharge path.
  • An inert gas such as argon or xenon, is used as the filling gas if light output and color play a role.
  • the electrode activates, besides the titanium oxide, as known per se (DE-PS 1951 601), an alkali halide, in particular potassium iodide, potassium bromide or potassium chloride.
  • an alkali halide in particular potassium iodide, potassium bromide or potassium chloride.
  • titanium dioxide barium-aluminum alloy and potassium halide
  • the composition being adapted to the pressure of the gas atmosphere.
  • the ignition voltage is largely determined by the ratio TiO 2 : reducing agent determined. With a ratio of TiO 2 : EaAl 4 ⁇ 1, the ignition voltage drops and brownish or violet wall coverings are created.
  • the best examples for a gas pressure of 450 m bar with argon are a composition of 40% TiO 2 , 40% BaAl 4 and 20% EX; specified at 90m bar 10% TiO 2 , .20% BaAl 4 and 70% KX.
  • the drawing shows a gas discharge tube in the form of a so-called button arrester with frustoconical electrodes 2 and 3, which are inserted gas-tight in a tubular insulating body 1 with bulges facing each other.
  • Glass or ceramic is preferably used as the material for the insulating body, while the electrodes 2 and 3 consist of a Ni-Fe or Ni-Fe-Co alloy.
  • a layer 4 which contains the electrode activation composition according to the invention is applied in each case to the electrodes 2 and 3 lying opposite one another.

Landscapes

  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP80101823A 1979-04-11 1980-04-03 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau d'activation pour électrode de tube à décharge dans un gaz Expired EP0017875B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2914836A DE2914836C2 (de) 1979-04-11 1979-04-11 Herstellungsverfahren für die Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse in einer Gasentladungsröhre
DE2914836 1979-04-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0017875A1 true EP0017875A1 (fr) 1980-10-29
EP0017875B1 EP0017875B1 (fr) 1983-06-22

Family

ID=6068151

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80101823A Expired EP0017875B1 (fr) 1979-04-11 1980-04-03 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau d'activation pour électrode de tube à décharge dans un gaz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4360757A (fr)
EP (1) EP0017875B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS55139781A (fr)
DE (1) DE2914836C2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0138082A1 (fr) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dérivateur à décharge dans un gaz et méthode de fabrication
GB2181887A (en) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-29 M O Valve Co Ltd Electrode of surge arrester
FR2611974A1 (fr) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-09 Pendar Electronique Composition de revetement des electrodes d'un parafoudre

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59177880A (ja) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-08 新光電気工業株式会社 避雷管
US4978893A (en) * 1988-09-27 1990-12-18 The United States Of American As Epresented By The United States The Department Of Energy Laser-triggered vacuum switch
JPH0684579A (ja) * 1991-12-26 1994-03-25 American Teleph & Telegr Co <Att> ガスチューブ保護装置
FR2701597B1 (fr) * 1993-02-16 1995-05-19 Jacques Villain Cathode froide pour tube à décharge dans un gaz avec une couche de composé d'alcalino-terreux sur un support métallique.
DE4318994C2 (de) * 1993-05-26 1995-04-20 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter
DE19632417C1 (de) * 1996-08-05 1998-05-07 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter mit Elektroden-Aktivierungsmasse
US6194820B1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2001-02-27 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Discharge tube having switching spark gap
US6281626B1 (en) * 1998-03-24 2001-08-28 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Cold emission electrode method of manufacturing the same and display device using the same
DE112006002464T5 (de) 2005-09-14 2008-07-24 Littelfuse, Inc., Des Plaines Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter, aktivierende Verbindung, Zündstreifen und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
EP2959495B1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2020-04-22 Bourns Incorporated Dispositifs et procédés relatifs à des tubes à décharge gazeuse plats
CN112840414B (zh) * 2018-08-31 2023-10-03 伯恩斯公司 具有气体放电管和金属氧化物变阻器功能的集成装置
JP2023516946A (ja) 2020-02-27 2023-04-21 ボーンズ、インコーポレイテッド 改良されたエッジを有するｍｏｖに関するデバイス及び方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1070733B (fr) *
DE1950090B2 (de) * 1969-10-03 1973-01-18 Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
DE1951601B2 (de) * 1969-10-13 1974-12-19 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter
DE2347210B2 (de) * 1973-09-19 1976-12-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter
DE2537964B2 (de) * 1975-08-26 1977-08-04 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter mit einer gasfuellung
DE2639816A1 (de) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-16 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
DE2705885A1 (de) * 1977-02-11 1978-08-17 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US867456A (en) * 1903-12-10 1907-10-01 Gen Electric Electrode for arc-lamps and method of making the same.
NL95281C (fr) * 1952-04-09
DE1951601U (de) 1966-07-12 1966-12-15 Johann Josef Klein & Co G M B Buegel fuer damentaschen.
US3439261A (en) * 1966-09-30 1969-04-15 Gen Electric Combustible gas detector using a corona discharge
DE1935734A1 (de) * 1969-07-14 1971-01-28 Siemens Ag UEberspannungsableiter
GB1322837A (en) 1971-08-13 1973-07-11 Sukhanov N M Method of producing germanium titanium zirconium or hafnium monoxides
US3882065A (en) * 1973-04-02 1975-05-06 Du Pont Hot melt adhesives of improved melt viscosity stability
JPS5537755A (en) * 1978-09-11 1980-03-15 Hitachi Ltd Production method of direct heating oxcide cathode

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1070733B (fr) *
DE1950090B2 (de) * 1969-10-03 1973-01-18 Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
DE1951601B2 (de) * 1969-10-13 1974-12-19 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter
DE2347210B2 (de) * 1973-09-19 1976-12-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter
DE2537964B2 (de) * 1975-08-26 1977-08-04 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter mit einer gasfuellung
DE2639816A1 (de) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-16 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
DE2705885A1 (de) * 1977-02-11 1978-08-17 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0138082A1 (fr) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dérivateur à décharge dans un gaz et méthode de fabrication
GB2181887A (en) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-29 M O Valve Co Ltd Electrode of surge arrester
FR2611974A1 (fr) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-09 Pendar Electronique Composition de revetement des electrodes d'un parafoudre
EP0282404A1 (fr) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-14 Pendar Electronique S.A. Composition de revêtement des électrodes d'un parafoudre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2914836C2 (de) 1983-11-17
US4360757A (en) 1982-11-23
JPS55139781A (en) 1980-10-31
JPH0216556B2 (fr) 1990-04-17
DE2914836A1 (de) 1980-10-16
EP0017875B1 (fr) 1983-06-22

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