EP0017902A1 - Process for producing a refractory foundry mould - Google Patents

Process for producing a refractory foundry mould Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017902A1
EP0017902A1 EP19800101883 EP80101883A EP0017902A1 EP 0017902 A1 EP0017902 A1 EP 0017902A1 EP 19800101883 EP19800101883 EP 19800101883 EP 80101883 A EP80101883 A EP 80101883A EP 0017902 A1 EP0017902 A1 EP 0017902A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
model
sand
quartz sand
quartz
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Granted
Application number
EP19800101883
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0017902B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Schönenborn
Ulrich Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Mennenga
H. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Jaeger
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Huettenes Albertus Chemische Werke GmbH
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Huettenes Albertus Chemische Werke GmbH
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Publication of EP0017902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0017902A1/en
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Publication of EP0017902B1 publication Critical patent/EP0017902B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C15/00Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
    • B22C15/23Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/03Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings formed by vacuum-sealed moulding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a refractory foundry mold, wherein an air pressure difference between the model and the sand or, if applicable, the core box is used for molding the sand onto the model and / or for sand compaction.
  • the object on which the invention is based is to create a method in which the difficulties described above are avoided and thus the possibility of optimum dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of foundry molds with improved compression of the molding material in the area of the model is created.
  • the action of the pressure difference on the model surface compresses a free-flowing quartz sand, quartz material or a similar refractory material, the grains of which are encased in an organic or inorganic material, so that the highest possible uniformity of the mold hardness and, as far as possible, a strength compensation moment of the subsequent cast the molten metal is guaranteed.
  • the excess quartz sand is removed from the back of the compacting shell and the shell is backfilled with conventional molding material to create a foundry mold with great strength.
  • the excess quartz sand can be removed in any way.
  • this is done by tilting the mold or core box at 180 0 angle.
  • the consolidation of the rear Filling can be done in any way, as the shell is supported on the model.
  • the compression is also carried out in a favorable manner by means of an air pressure difference, since all gases and vapors flowing out of the sand can thereby be extracted.
  • Another significant advance of the invention is that throughout The process up to the separation of the foundry mold from the model is sucked out of the molded item air, at the same time the toxic or non-toxic gases formed during the hardening process are sucked off and can thereby be kept away from the work place. A harassment and danger to the working personnel is thus prevented.
  • 1 denotes a foundry model, which is preferably provided in the transition area from the model to the flat plate with suction openings 2, which in the simplified representation are only hinted at.
  • the model 1 is arranged on a heated plate 3, on the back of which there is a space 4 which is connected to the suction openings 2.
  • a molding box 5 is placed on the device, which is filled with a free-flowing quartz sand, quartz material or similar refractory, mineral material 6.
  • the plate 3 is heated before or during the filling of the molding box 5 surrounding the model 1.
  • a pressure difference between the surface of the model 1 and the free-flowing quartz sand 6 is generated by creating a negative pressure in the space 4, while atmospheric pressure prevails on the surface of the quartz sand.
  • the negative pressure in the space 4 can also be increased by an excess pressure on the surface of the quartz sand 6.
  • a hard and plastic shell 7 forms on the surface of the model 1, from which the excess quartz sand 6 is removed by tilting the entire device by approximately 180 ° while maintaining a pressure difference.
  • This hard shell 7 is, as further shown in FIG. 4, backfilled with a conventional molding material 8, for example wet casting molding sand, this backfilling 8 in turn being compressed by the action of a differential pressure between the surface of the model 1 and the backfilling becomes.
  • This pressure differential compression of the backfill can also be supplemented by mechanical compression, not shown.
  • an overpressure is created in the space 4, which leads to the separation of the shell 7 together with the backfill 8 from the model 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method of preparing a refractory casting mould, in which fluid quartz sand, quartz material or a similar refractory mineral substance, the granules of which are encased by an organic substance or an unorganic substance, is shaped around a pattern and compacted on the surface thereof so as to form a shell by subjecting the pattern and the sand or, if applicable, a core box and the sand to different air pressures, and in which the shell is backed by a conventional moulding material, for example by a green-mould casting sand, and thereafter the pattern removed from the casting mould, characterized in that the encasing of the quartz sand (6) or the like is a thermosetting substance, that while the shell is formed the pattern (1) is heated to the appropriate setting temperature, and in that after the shell has been formed the encased quartz sand (6) or the like which has not set to form the shell (7) is removed from the rear of the shell (7).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer feu.erfesten Gießereiform, wobei zum Anformen des Sandes an das Modell und/ oder zur Sandverdichtung eine Luftdruckdifferenz zwischen Modell und Sand bzw. ggfs. Kernkasten angewendet wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a refractory foundry mold, wherein an air pressure difference between the model and the sand or, if applicable, the core box is used for molding the sand onto the model and / or for sand compaction.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 aufgeführten Gattung (DE-OS 26 09 274) wird zur Herstellung von Sandformen oder Sandkernen das gesamte in Form- bzw. Kernkasten eingebrachte Sandvolumen durch Einwirkung einer zwischen mindestens zwei verschiedenen Stellen des Form- bzw. Kernkastenhohlraumes wirksamen Luftdruckdifferenz verdichtet. Bei komplizierten Formteilen mit feinen Konturen reicht dieses Verfahren nicht aus,um den hohen Anforderungen auf Formtreue gerecht zu werden. Außerdem ist für den unter Umständen mit einem Kunstharzbinder durchsetzten Formsand ein relativ langer Zeitraum für die Aushärtung der Gießereiformen erforderlich, während der ein thermischer Verzug der Formhälften unvermeidbar ist. Diese Aushärtung des Formsandes geschieht häufig durch Erwärmung der Gießereiform, die zur Bildung von toxischen bzw. atoxischen Gasen mit erheblicher Geruchsbelästigung und Gesundheitsbelastung für das in Gießereien und Formereien tätige Personal führen.In a known method of the type listed in the preamble of claim 1 (DE-OS 26 09 274) for the production of sand molds or sand cores, the entire sand volume introduced into the mold or core box by the action of between at least two different places of the mold or Core box cavity compressed air pressure difference. In the case of complicated molded parts with fine contours, this process is not sufficient to meet the high requirements for shape accuracy. In addition, the molding sand, which may be interspersed with a synthetic resin binder, requires a relatively long time for the foundry molds to harden, during which thermal distortion of the mold halves is unavoidable. This hardening of the molding sand often takes place by heating the foundry mold, which leads to the formation of toxic or atoxic gases with considerable odor nuisance and health problems for the personnel working in foundries and molding shops.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe besteht darin, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, bei dem die vorstehend beschriebenen Schwierigkeiten vermieden werden und somit die Möglichkeit einer optimalen Maßhaltigkeit und Formtreue an Gießereiformen bei verbesserter Verdichtung des Formmaterials im Bereich des Modells zu schaffen.The object on which the invention is based is to create a method in which the difficulties described above are avoided and thus the possibility of optimum dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of foundry molds with improved compression of the molding material in the area of the model is created.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der in Rede stehenden Gattung durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved in a method of the type in question by the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Danach wird durch die Einwirkung der Druckdifferenz an der Modelloberflache ein rieselfähiger Quarzsand, Quarzgut oder ein ähnlicher feuerfester Stoff, dessen Körner von einem organischen oder anorganischen Stoff umhüllt sind, verdichtet, so daß eine möglichst hohe Gleichmäßigkeit der Formhärte und damit möglichst ein Festigkeitsausgleichsmoment des späteren Abgußes der flüssigen Metallschmelze garantiert ist. Während des weiteren Verfahrensablaufs wird der überschüssige Quarzsand von der Rückseite der verdichtenden Schale entfernt und die Schale zur Schaffung einer Gießereiform mit großer Festigkeit mit üblichem Formmaterial hinterfüllt.After that, the action of the pressure difference on the model surface compresses a free-flowing quartz sand, quartz material or a similar refractory material, the grains of which are encased in an organic or inorganic material, so that the highest possible uniformity of the mold hardness and, as far as possible, a strength compensation moment of the subsequent cast the molten metal is guaranteed. During the further course of the process, the excess quartz sand is removed from the back of the compacting shell and the shell is backfilled with conventional molding material to create a foundry mold with great strength.

Die Entfernung des überschüssigen Quarzsandes kann in beliebiger Weise erfolgen. In vorteilhafter Weise geschieht dies durch Kippen des Form- bzw. Kernkastens um 1800 Winkel. Auch die Verfestigung der Hinterfüllung kann in beliebiger Weise erfolgen, da die Schale sich am Modell abstützt. In günstiger Weise erfolgt die Verdichtung ebenfalls durch eine Luftdruckdifferenz, da dadurch alle dem Sand entströmenden Gase und Dämpfe abgesaugt werden können.The excess quartz sand can be removed in any way. Advantageously, this is done by tilting the mold or core box at 180 0 angle. Also the consolidation of the rear Filling can be done in any way, as the shell is supported on the model. The compression is also carried out in a favorable manner by means of an air pressure difference, since all gases and vapors flowing out of the sand can thereby be extracted.

Entsprechend weiteren Merkmalen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, die Verdichtung sowohl des Formmaterials für die Schale als auch des Hinterfüllmaterials in entsprechenden Verfahrensschritten durch Einwirkung eines Unterdrucks im Bereich des Modells und Überdruck im Bereich des Sandes zu erzielen. Ist dabei, wie weiterhin vorgeschlagen, die Oberfläche des Modells beim Einschalen auf eine entsprechende Aushärtetemperatur erwärmt, so tritt durch möglichst kurzzeitige Erzeugung der Druckdifferenz eine hochverfestigte Formgebung der Schale ein, bei der auch feine Konturen des Modells mit größter Maßsicherheit übernommen werden. Auch beim anschließenden Hinterfüllen der geschaffenen Schale kann ein Unterdruck im Bereich des Modells beibehalten werden, der zu einer Verdichtung des möglicherweise benutzten Nassgußformsandes bei unter Umständen zusätzlicher mechanischer Verdichtung führt. Die Schale wird bei der Hinterfüllung auch deshalb in ihrer Form beeinflußt, weil sie weiterhin am Modell anliegt.According to further features of the method according to the invention, it is proposed to achieve the compression of both the molding material for the shell and the backfill material in corresponding method steps by the action of a negative pressure in the area of the model and positive pressure in the area of the sand. If, as further suggested, the surface of the model is heated to a corresponding curing temperature when it is formworked in, the pressure difference is generated for as short a time as possible, resulting in a highly solidified shape of the shell, in which even fine contours of the model are adopted with the greatest possible dimensional accuracy. Even when the created shell is subsequently backfilled, a negative pressure can be maintained in the area of the model, which leads to a compression of the possibly used wet casting mold sand with possibly additional mechanical compression. The shape of the shell is also influenced when backfilling because it continues to rest against the model.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Fortschritt der Erfindung besteht darin, daß während des gesamten Verfahrens bis zur Trennung der Gießereiform von dem Modell aus dem Formgut Luft abgesaugt wird, wobei gleichzeitig die sich bei dem Härtevorgang bildenden toxischen oder atoxischen Gase abgesaugt werden und dadurch vom Arbeitsplatz ferngehalten werden können. Eine Belästigung und Gefährdung des arbeitenden Personals wird folglich verhindert.Another significant advance of the invention is that throughout The process up to the separation of the foundry mold from the model is sucked out of the molded item air, at the same time the toxic or non-toxic gases formed during the hardening process are sucked off and can thereby be kept away from the work place. A harassment and danger to the working personnel is thus prevented.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnung verwiesen, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vereinfacht dargestellt ist.To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawing, in which an embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in simplified form.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 das Modell zu Beginn des Verfahrens,
  • Fig. 2 die Befüllung und anschließende Verdichtung des rieselfähigen Quarzsandes oder dergleichen am Modell,
  • Fig. 3 das Entfernen nicht zur-Schale ausgehärtenden Quarzsandes und dergleichen von der Rückseite der Schale,
  • Fig. 4 die Hinterfüllung der Schale mit üblichem Formmaterial und anschließende Verdichtung der Hinterfüllung und
  • Fig. 5 die Entfernung des Modells aus der Gießereiform.
Show it:
  • 1 shows the model at the beginning of the method,
  • 2 the filling and subsequent compression of the free-flowing quartz sand or the like on the model,
  • 3 the removal of quartz sand and the like not hardening to the shell from the back of the shell,
  • Fig. 4, the backfilling of the shell with the usual molding material and subsequent compression of the backfill and
  • Fig. 5 shows the removal of the model from the foundry mold.

In den Fig. 1 bis 5 ist mit 1 ein Gießereimodell bezeichnet, das vorzugsweise im Übergangsbereich vom Modell zur ebenen Platte mit Saugöffnungen 2 versehen ist, welche in der vereinfachten Darstellung nur angedeutet sind. Außerdem ist das Modell 1 auf einer beheizten Platte 3 angeordnet, an deren Rückseite sich ein mit den Saugöffnungen 2 in Verbindung stehender Raum 4 befindet.1 to 5, 1 denotes a foundry model, which is preferably provided in the transition area from the model to the flat plate with suction openings 2, which in the simplified representation are only hinted at. In addition, the model 1 is arranged on a heated plate 3, on the back of which there is a space 4 which is connected to the suction openings 2.

In Fig. 2 ist auf'die Vorrichtung ein Formkasten 5 aufgesetzt, welcher mit einem rieselfähigen Quarzsand, Quarzgut oder ähnlichem feuerfestem, mineralischem Stoff 6 gefüllt wird. Vor bzw. während des Befüllens des das Modell 1 umgeberden Formkastens 5 wird die Platte 3 erwärmt. Gleichzeitig wird eine Druckdifferenz zwischen der Oberfläche des Modells 1 und dem rieselfähigen Quarzsand 6 dadurch erzeugt, daß im Raum 4 ein Unterdruck geschaffen wird, während an der Oberfläche des Quarzsandes atmosphärischer Druck herrscht. Der Unterdruck im Raum 4 kann jedoch auch durch einen Überdruck an der Oberfläche des Quarzsandes 6 verstärkt werden.2, a molding box 5 is placed on the device, which is filled with a free-flowing quartz sand, quartz material or similar refractory, mineral material 6. The plate 3 is heated before or during the filling of the molding box 5 surrounding the model 1. At the same time, a pressure difference between the surface of the model 1 and the free-flowing quartz sand 6 is generated by creating a negative pressure in the space 4, while atmospheric pressure prevails on the surface of the quartz sand. However, the negative pressure in the space 4 can also be increased by an excess pressure on the surface of the quartz sand 6.

Die Folge ist, daß sich an der Oberfläche des Modells 1 eine harte und plastische Schale 7 bildet, von der der übserschüssige Quarzsand 6 unter Beibehaltung einer Druckdifferenz durch Kippen der gesamten Vorrichtung um etwa 180° entfernt wird. Diese harte Schale 7 wird, wie weiterhin in Fig. 4 dargestellt, durch ein übliches Formmaterial 8, beispielsweise Nassgußformsand, hinterfüllt, wobei diese Hinterfüllung 8 wiederum durch Einwirkung eines Differenzdruckes zwischen der Oberfläche des Modells 1 und der Hinterfüllung.8 verdichtet wird. Diese Druckdifferenzverdichtung der Hinterfüllung läßt sich auch durch eine nicht dargestellte mechanische Verdichtung ergänzen. Im weiteren Verfahrensschritt gemäß Fig. 5 wird im Raum 4 ein Überdruck geschaffen, der zur Trennung der Schale 7 gemeinsam mit der Hinterfüllung 8 vom Modell 1 führt.The result is that a hard and plastic shell 7 forms on the surface of the model 1, from which the excess quartz sand 6 is removed by tilting the entire device by approximately 180 ° while maintaining a pressure difference. This hard shell 7 is, as further shown in FIG. 4, backfilled with a conventional molding material 8, for example wet casting molding sand, this backfilling 8 in turn being compressed by the action of a differential pressure between the surface of the model 1 and the backfilling becomes. This pressure differential compression of the backfill can also be supplemented by mechanical compression, not shown. In the further process step according to FIG. 5, an overpressure is created in the space 4, which leads to the separation of the shell 7 together with the backfill 8 from the model 1.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer feuerfesten Gießereiform, wobei zum Anformen des Sandes an das Modell und/oder zur Sandverdichtung eine Luftdruckdifferenz zwischen Modell und Sand bzw. ggfs. Kernkasten angewendet wird, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) durch Einwirkung der Druckdifferenz wird ein rieselfähiger Quarzsand, Quarzgut oder ein ähnlicher feuerfester, mineralischer Stoff (6), dessen Körner von einem organischen oder anorganischen Stoff umhüllt sind, an der Modelloberfläche zu einer Schale (7) verdichtet, b) der nicht zur Schale (7) ausgehärtete Quarzsand (6) und dergleichen wird von der Rückseite der Schale (7) entfernt, c) die Schale (7) wird mit üblichem Formmaterial (8), beispielsweise einem Nassgußformsand, hinterfüllt und verdichtet, d) anschließend wird das Modell (1) aus der Gießereiform entfernt. 1. A process for producing a refractory foundry mold, an air pressure difference between the model and the sand or, if applicable, core box being used to mold the sand onto the model and / or for sand compaction, characterized by the following process steps: a) by the action of the pressure difference, a free-flowing quartz sand, quartz material or a similar refractory, mineral substance (6), the grains of which are coated with an organic or inorganic substance, is compacted on the model surface to form a shell (7), b) the quartz sand (6) which has not hardened to form the shell (7) and the like is removed from the back of the shell (7), c) the shell (7) is backfilled and compressed with conventional molding material (8), for example a wet casting sand, d) the model (1) is then removed from the foundry mold. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdichtung der Hinterfüllung (8), z. B. des Nassgußformsandes, ebenfalls durch Einwirkung einer Luftdruckdifferenz erfolgt.
2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the compression of the backfill (8), for. B. the wet casting sand, also done by the action of an air pressure difference.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anformung und/ oder Verdichtung der aus Quarzsand (6) und dergleichen bestehenden Schale (7) und die Anformung und Verdichtung dar Hinterfüllung (8) an der Schale (7) durch Einwirkung von Unterdruck im Bereich des Modells (1) und Überdruck im Bereich des Sandes (6 bzw. 8) erfolgt.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the molding and / or compression of the shell made of quartz sand (6) and the like (7) and the molding and compression of the backfill (8) on the shell (7) by the action of negative pressure in the area of the model (1) and overpressure in the area of the sand (6 or 8). 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hinterfüllung (8) mechanisch und durch Einwirkung einer Druckluftdifferenz zwischen Sand (8) und Modell (1) verdichtet wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the backfill (8) is compressed mechanically and by the action of a compressed air difference between sand (8) and model (1). 5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung des Quarzsandes (6) und dergleichen aus einem warmaushärtendem Material, z. B. Kunstharz, besteht und daß das Modell (1) beim Einschalen auf die entqrechende Aushärttemperatur erwärmt ist.
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the covering of the quartz sand (6) and the like made of a thermosetting material, e.g. B. synthetic resin, and that the model (1) is heated to the appropriate curing temperature when formwork.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Entfernen des nicht zur Schale (7) verfestigten umhüllten Quarzsandes (6) oder dergleichen durch Kippen des Modells (1) bzw. ggfs. des Form- (5) bzw. Kernkastens um etwa 180° erfolgt, wobei der Unterdruck im Bereich des Modells (1) aufrecht erhalten bleibt.
6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the removal of the coated quartz sand (6) or the like which has not solidified to form the shell (7) is carried out by tilting the model (1) or, if appropriate, the mold (5) or core box by approximately 180 °, the vacuum is maintained in the area of the model (1).
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennung des Modells (1) von der Schale (7) durch Erzeugung eines Überdrucks zwischen Modell (1) und Schale (7) erfolgt.
7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the model (1) is separated from the shell (7) by generating an overpressure between the model (1) and the shell (7).
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An - sprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im Bereich des Modells (1) abgesaugte, den Unterdruck erzeugende Luft von toxischen oder atoxischen Gasen oder dergleichen befreit wird.
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the air drawn off in the area of the model (1) and which generates the negative pressure is freed from toxic or atoxic gases or the like.
EP19800101883 1979-04-21 1980-04-09 Process for producing a refractory foundry mould Expired EP0017902B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792916211 DE2916211C2 (en) 1979-04-21 1979-04-21 Process for making a foundry mold
DE2916211 1979-04-21

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EP0017902A1 true EP0017902A1 (en) 1980-10-29
EP0017902B1 EP0017902B1 (en) 1983-05-18

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GB2116889A (en) * 1982-03-23 1983-10-05 Acme Conveyors & Constr A process of moulding a metal casting mould
FR2724336A1 (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-03-15 Chardon Michel Georges Fabrication of foundry moulds from binderless silica sand
CN104325075A (en) * 2014-10-08 2015-02-04 柳州金茂机械有限公司 V method casting process
CN113400649A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-17 山东威高骨科材料股份有限公司 Method for solving thermal deformation of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) material part during 3D printing

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DE2923044C2 (en) * 1979-06-07 1987-05-27 Eugen Dipl.-Ing. 8877 Burtenbach Bühler Method and apparatus for making split composite sand block casting molds
DE3318112A1 (en) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-22 Achinger, Michael, 8900 Augsburg METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CASTING MOLDS
CN105562623B (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-10-24 华中科技大学 A kind of waterglass sand mold quick forming method

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GB2116889A (en) * 1982-03-23 1983-10-05 Acme Conveyors & Constr A process of moulding a metal casting mould
FR2724336A1 (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-03-15 Chardon Michel Georges Fabrication of foundry moulds from binderless silica sand
CN104325075A (en) * 2014-10-08 2015-02-04 柳州金茂机械有限公司 V method casting process
CN113400649A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-17 山东威高骨科材料股份有限公司 Method for solving thermal deformation of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) material part during 3D printing
CN113400649B (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-07-04 山东威高骨科材料股份有限公司 Method for solving thermal deformation of 3D printing PEEK material part

Also Published As

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DE2916211A1 (en) 1980-10-30
EP0017902B1 (en) 1983-05-18
DE2916211C2 (en) 1983-11-24
JPS6321576B2 (en) 1988-05-07
JPS55141354A (en) 1980-11-05

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