EP0018280A2 - Hochdruckschneekanone und Batterie solcher Schneekanonen - Google Patents

Hochdruckschneekanone und Batterie solcher Schneekanonen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018280A2
EP0018280A2 EP80400504A EP80400504A EP0018280A2 EP 0018280 A2 EP0018280 A2 EP 0018280A2 EP 80400504 A EP80400504 A EP 80400504A EP 80400504 A EP80400504 A EP 80400504A EP 0018280 A2 EP0018280 A2 EP 0018280A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
water
snow
nozzle
injection nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80400504A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0018280B1 (de
EP0018280A3 (en
Inventor
Pierre Girardin
Max Duplan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LE FROID INDUSTRIEL YORK SA
Original Assignee
LE FROID INDUSTRIEL YORK SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LE FROID INDUSTRIEL YORK SA filed Critical LE FROID INDUSTRIEL YORK SA
Priority to AT80400504T priority Critical patent/ATE6306T1/de
Publication of EP0018280A2 publication Critical patent/EP0018280A2/de
Publication of EP0018280A3 publication Critical patent/EP0018280A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0018280B1 publication Critical patent/EP0018280B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/463—Arrangements of nozzles with provisions for mixing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus called a "snow cannon" and to an installation comprising several of these apparatuses arranged in a battery.
  • the invention applies more particularly to high pressure devices intended for the production of artificial snow by spraying a mixture of air and water.
  • High-pressure devices work by spraying a compressed air-water mixture in the form of a mist in the low temperature ambient air, e so that water droplets projected at high velocity transform into ice crystals on contact with cold air and fall back to snow on the ground.
  • the temperature of the water used plays only a very small part in the total amount of air necessary to transform 1 kg of water into snow, the only contributor the humid temperature of the ambient air, which is determined as a function of the dry temperature of the air and its relative humidity. Consequently, for each value of this humid temperature of the ambient air, we can calculate the theoretical value of the total number of m3 of minimum air necessary to transform snow into 1 m 3 of water, i.e. the theoretical value of the air / water limit ratio.
  • the minimum quantity of air necessary to ensure this transformation is in fact the overall volume of air interested in the phenomenon, that is to say not only the quantity of primary air compressed then injected and expanded in the gun but also the quantity of secondary air induced at the exit of this one, which depends essentially on the shape, the dimension and the speed of the jet in the atmosphere.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a snow cannon which does not have the drawbacks of the devices described in the aforementioned patents and which allows both to produce a maximum volume of snow for a minimum volume of air injected and to automatically adjust the proportions of the air / water mixture as a function of the wet temperature of the ambient air, the invention also having as its object to reduce the level of noise from the operation of the device.
  • the snow cannon for the production of artificial snow by spraying a mixture of air and water comprises a hollow body, a compressed air inlet pipe terminated by an injection nozzle housed and opening at the end inside the body, a pressurized water intake pipe opening into the space between the wall of the body and the air pipe, and an air mixing chamber and water communicating with the interior of the body through an inlet orifice situated opposite the outlet orifice of the air injection nozzle, the snow cannon according to the invention further comprising adjustment means air and water passage sections in the mixing chamber, said chamber being formed by the bore of a nozzle extending in the extension of the injection nozzle, said bore being extended at the outlet by a divergent opening into the open air.
  • the injection nozzle is provided which can be displaced longitudinally relative to the inlet orifice of the mixing chamber, said nozzle comprising means for adjusting the section of its air outlet orifice.
  • These air outlet adjustment means can be constituted by a needle valve incorporated inside the air inlet pipe and the air outlet orifice of the injection nozzle is preferably provided convergent-divergent.
  • the snow gun according to the invention is designed so that the air and water jets are rotated on themselves at the entrance to the mixing chamber, the bore of which comprises preferably stripes or ramps for mixing the mixture.
  • the snow cannons according to the invention are grouped into a battery supplied with air at substantially constant pressure by a compressed air center, said battery being equipped with an automatic regulation device regulating the water flow rate of each cannon in depending on the humid temperature of the ambient air.
  • the practical limit curve measured for snow formation on a cannon according to the invention corresponds to an induction coefficient equal to 1250.
  • the humid temperatures of the air are plotted on the abscissa while the ratios minimum measured volumes of air to volumes of water are plotted on the ordinate, the hatched zones a and b corresponding respectively to the snow zones dry and wet snow.
  • the air / water ratio goes from about 40 to 15 , that is to say say that it varies approximately from 3 to 1.
  • the induction coefficient characterizing these performances depends only on the geometrical shape of the constituent elements of the barrel for determined air and water pressures, said coefficient remaining practically independent of the conditions ambient air temperature.
  • the spray nozzle of the gun according to the invention must ensure both sufficiently fine and regular spraying over the entire projection surface and a form of jet ensuring intense mixing of the ambient air so as to achieve a capacity high induction.
  • the air ejection nozzle provided is a supersonic nozzle with a convergent-divergent orifice adapted to the operating conditions so as to obtain an air pressure at the outlet substantially equivalent to the pressure of the water at the entrance to the mixing chamber.
  • the device must in particular satisfy the following momentum equation:
  • M a , M e , v a , v e and v m being respectively the air and water masses and the air, water and air / water mixture velocities.
  • the apparatus according to the invention must also include a mixing chamber, the cross section of which corresponds to the following formula:
  • V m , M m and v m being respectively the specific volume, the mass and the speed of the mixture.
  • the length of the mixing chamber must be sufficient for the compressed air to leak all its energy to water and the outlet section of said chamber must be such that the static pressure of the jet is substantially equivalent to atmospheric pressure, this in order to avoid bursting of the jet. All these provisions contribute to obtaining a jet at maximum speed and with fine and homogeneous spraying.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a snow cannon according to an embodiment comprising the arrangements listed above.
  • the snow cannon has a hollow body (1) whose internal cavity is of generally cylindrical shape provided at one end with a frustoconical bottom pierced at its center with the inlet orifice (2 ) a mixing chamber (3) of elongated shape essentially constituted by the bore of a main nozzle (4) extended at the outlet by a divergent (5).
  • This diverging portion (5) can optionally be fitted with a windscreen or spout (6) (see FIG. 3 ), this spout having a constant section of variable shape passing from a circular entry shape to a flattened shape at the exit such so that the shape of the jet is changed and also changes from a cylindrical shape to a flat shape.
  • a compressed air intake manifold (7) is mounted coaxially with the body (1) of the barrel and passes through the bottom thereof opposite the frustoconical bottom, said manifold ( 7 ) comprising at its end an injection nozzle ( 8) whose outlet orifice ( 9 ) is convergent-divergent.
  • a needle valve (10) housed inside the compressed air intake manifold (7) allows precise adjustment of the outlet section of the orifice ( 9 ) of the injection nozzle (8). , the adjustment being carried out at the time of assembly of the device.
  • a pressure water inlet pipe (11) opens obliquely into the annular space (12) between the wall of the body (1) and the central compressed air inlet pipe (7).
  • the compressed air intake pipe (7) terminated by the injection nozzle (8) is screwed into the bottom of the body (1) which it passes through, so that the longitudinal position of the conical end of the nozzle (8) relative to the inlet orifice ( 2 ) of the mixing chamber can be adjusted during assembly so as to determine the flow section of the pressurized water in the mixing chamber.
  • the air and water flow adjustments are adapted to the nominal operating conditions.
  • Flow rotation initiators can be incorporated into the barrel body or executed directly therein.
  • it can be provided in the cylindrical contact surface of the needle valve with the bore of the tubing ( 7 ) of the helical grooves (14) for the passage of compressed air, said grooves imparting a movement of ro-. drafts.
  • the bore of the barrel body may include helical fins (15) opening out near the inlet orifice (2) of the mixing chamber (3), the bore of which may also include scratches or ramps modifying the configuration of the jet and ensuring a homogeneous mixture of air and water.
  • the nozzle (8) is arranged so that the air pressure at the outlet is substantially equivalent to the pressure of the water in the annular zone or neck (13) located at the entrance to the mixing chamber, and the dimensions of said nozzle and of said mixing chamber are provided so as to obtain a stable flow, which reduces the noise level at least.
  • the automatic adjustment of the air / water mixture as a function of the humid temperature of the ambient air is linked to the type of snowmaking technique.
  • this technique aims at uniform snow cover of the tracks with the minimum of manual intervention by placing at a station will fix a regular interval and over the entire length of the track, directional guns of low capacity, with automatic adjustment.
  • the number of guns necessary and, consequently, the water flow must be defined according to the functions of the surfaces to be snowed. This determines, depending on the average air temperature chosen, the amount of air and the power of the compressed air plant to be installed.
  • the air / water ratio can also be adjusted by varying the water flow, the air pressure remaining constant. It is thus possible to vary the snow flow rate per gun and maintain for each of them the maximum possible snow flow rate as a function of the humid air temperature.
  • the invention applies more particularly to the artificial snow cover of the tracks of the winter sports stations, this does not exclude other possible applications, in particular to fight fires, drunk for watering crops, or their frost protection and insecticide treatment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
EP80400504A 1979-04-20 1980-04-15 Hochdruckschneekanone und Batterie solcher Schneekanonen Expired EP0018280B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80400504T ATE6306T1 (de) 1979-04-20 1980-04-15 Hochdruckschneekanone und batterie solcher schneekanonen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7910437A FR2454593A1 (fr) 1979-04-20 1979-04-20 Appareil haute pression de production de neige artificielle avec reglage du melange air/eau en fonction de la temperature humide de l'air ambiant
FR7910437 1979-04-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018280A2 true EP0018280A2 (de) 1980-10-29
EP0018280A3 EP0018280A3 (en) 1981-01-07
EP0018280B1 EP0018280B1 (de) 1984-02-15

Family

ID=9224703

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400504A Expired EP0018280B1 (de) 1979-04-20 1980-04-15 Hochdruckschneekanone und Batterie solcher Schneekanonen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4353504A (de)
EP (1) EP0018280B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE6306T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1128328A (de)
DE (1) DE3066549D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2454593A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2573854A1 (fr) * 1984-11-27 1986-05-30 York Froid Ind Perfectionnement aux dispositifs d'alimentation de canons a neige dans les installations d'enneigement artificiel de pistes de ski
US4604612A (en) * 1982-08-03 1986-08-05 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Ice detector
FR2594528A1 (fr) * 1986-02-20 1987-08-21 Petavit Ets Embout de melange de fluides pour appareil de fabrication de neige artificielle
US4914923A (en) * 1986-12-05 1990-04-10 Le Froid Industriel York, S.A. Method of covering artificial alpine- or nordic-skiing tracks with snow and means for implementing the method
FR2651872A1 (fr) * 1988-11-14 1991-03-15 Dendrite Associates Inc Procede et appareil pour produire de la neige.
US5083707A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-01-28 Dendrite Associates, Inc. Nucleator

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2015259A1 (en) * 1990-04-24 1991-10-24 Louis Handfield Snow making machine
CA2015646C (en) * 1990-04-27 2002-07-09 Thomas Rayman Ringer Snow making, multiple nozzle assembly
US5090619A (en) * 1990-08-29 1992-02-25 Pinnacle Innovations Snow gun having optimized mixing of compressed air and water flows
US5180105A (en) * 1991-02-26 1993-01-19 Dorwin Teague Snow making apparatus
US5400965A (en) * 1992-06-01 1995-03-28 Ratnik Industries, Inc. Automated snow-making system
SE504470C2 (sv) * 1995-06-27 1997-02-17 Lenko L Nilsson Vattenspridarmunstycke till snökanon
US5908160A (en) * 1996-12-20 1999-06-01 United Technologies Corporation Centerbody for a two stream tangential entry nozzle
US5890652A (en) * 1997-07-08 1999-04-06 Taylor; Peter Self-regulating snowmaking nozzle, system and method
US6783662B2 (en) 1999-03-18 2004-08-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Cavitation enhanced liquid atomization
WO2001014500A1 (en) 1999-08-26 2001-03-01 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Superheating atomizing steam with hot fcc feed oil
RU2298138C2 (ru) * 2001-11-11 2007-04-27 НИВИС ГмбХ-СРЛ Аппарат для изготовления снега и способ его эксплуатации
FR2843051B1 (fr) * 2002-07-31 2004-10-22 York Neige Dispositif de pulverisation d'eau sous forme d'un jet creux a paroi mince,pour la formation de neige artificielle
US7290722B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2007-11-06 Snow Machines, Inc. Method and apparatus for making snow
EP2071258A1 (de) 2007-12-14 2009-06-17 Bächler Top Track AG Nukleatordüse, Verwendung einer Nukleatordüse, Schneekanone, Schneilanze und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Eiskeimen und von künstlichem Schnee
US20090151964A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Alfred Rosen Fighting fires with water
EP2326429B1 (de) 2008-09-25 2019-08-14 Sno Tek P/L Flache flüssigkeitsstrahldüsen mit einstellbarer tröpfchengrösse und festem oder variablem sprühwinkel
RU2406883C1 (ru) * 2009-12-16 2010-12-20 Анатолий Владимирович Карасев Струйный аппарат
RU2452877C1 (ru) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-10 Фёдор Никитич Галаничев Струйный аппарат
JP6180528B2 (ja) 2012-08-29 2017-08-16 スノー・ロジック・インコーポレイテッド モジュール式デュアルベクトル流体スプレーノズル
RU2674136C2 (ru) 2012-08-29 2018-12-04 Сноу Лоджик, Инк. Одно- и многоступенчатые снежные ружья
EP2972018B1 (de) 2013-03-15 2020-05-13 Snow Logic Inc. Kristallisationskeim zur erzeugung von eiskristallen zur ausgabe von wassertröpfchen in systemen zur herstellung von schnee
US9441870B2 (en) * 2013-03-22 2016-09-13 Lp Snow Systems, Llc Snow making apparatus
CN105562233A (zh) * 2016-01-05 2016-05-11 江苏紫光吉地达环境科技有限公司 一种用于尿素热解装置的喷嘴
CN107214006A (zh) * 2017-05-27 2017-09-29 肇庆市端州区图恩斯科技有限公司 一种用于尿素热解装置的喷嘴
US11052411B2 (en) * 2017-10-11 2021-07-06 Richard Marcelin Wambsgans Device and method to create nano-particle fluid nucleation sites in situ
CN107952194A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-04-24 山东宏达科技集团有限公司 一种以液氮为喷射动力的多功能消防车及混合喷射炮
US20250271004A1 (en) * 2024-02-23 2025-08-28 Honeywell International Inc. Jet pump system

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FR586419A (fr) * 1923-09-13 1925-03-26 Hollandsche Ijzerhandel Nv Pulvérisateur de liquide
US1748004A (en) * 1927-04-11 1930-02-18 Harry W Thomas Sprayer nozzle
US1855457A (en) * 1927-08-22 1932-04-26 Guy A Yedd Spraying apparatus and method
FR993215A (fr) * 1949-06-13 1951-10-29 Matemine Busette de pulvérisation à liquide sous pression ou à air comprimé
US2676471A (en) * 1950-12-14 1954-04-27 Tey Mfg Corp Method for making and distributing snow
FR1337141A (fr) * 1962-06-15 1963-09-06 Amf Overseas Corp Générateur de neige
US3301485A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-01-31 Joseph C Tropeano Method and apparatus for making frozen particles
CA791579A (en) * 1965-01-22 1968-08-06 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Method and means for making snow
CS162496B1 (de) * 1968-04-18 1975-07-15
CA932770A (en) * 1970-07-15 1973-08-28 Rab Engineering Ltd. Snow making nozzle
US3829013A (en) * 1971-11-03 1974-08-13 H Ratnik Snow making apparatus
US3761020A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-25 J Tropeano Method and apparatus for snow making
US3774843A (en) * 1973-01-22 1973-11-27 B Rice Snow gun
US3908903A (en) * 1974-02-11 1975-09-30 Jr Samuel L Burns Snow making apparatus and method
US3942724A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-03-09 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Variable throat nozzle
FR2376384A1 (en) * 1976-12-30 1978-07-28 Cecil Snow cannon for making ski slopes - has adjustable nozzles for water and air to suit different ambient conditions
FR2421353A1 (fr) * 1978-03-31 1979-10-26 Armand Daniel Procede et dispositif de fabrication automatique de neige

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4604612A (en) * 1982-08-03 1986-08-05 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Ice detector
FR2573854A1 (fr) * 1984-11-27 1986-05-30 York Froid Ind Perfectionnement aux dispositifs d'alimentation de canons a neige dans les installations d'enneigement artificiel de pistes de ski
EP0187563A1 (de) * 1984-11-27 1986-07-16 Le Froid Industriel York S.A. Speisevorrichtungen für Schnee-Erzeuger in Anlagen für künstliche Schneeversorgung von Skipisten
FR2594528A1 (fr) * 1986-02-20 1987-08-21 Petavit Ets Embout de melange de fluides pour appareil de fabrication de neige artificielle
US4914923A (en) * 1986-12-05 1990-04-10 Le Froid Industriel York, S.A. Method of covering artificial alpine- or nordic-skiing tracks with snow and means for implementing the method
FR2651872A1 (fr) * 1988-11-14 1991-03-15 Dendrite Associates Inc Procede et appareil pour produire de la neige.
US5083707A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-01-28 Dendrite Associates, Inc. Nucleator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE6306T1 (de) 1984-03-15
EP0018280B1 (de) 1984-02-15
DE3066549D1 (en) 1984-03-22
FR2454593A1 (fr) 1980-11-14
EP0018280A3 (en) 1981-01-07
CA1128328A (en) 1982-07-27
FR2454593B1 (de) 1983-05-20
US4353504A (en) 1982-10-12

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