EP0018352A1 - Dispositif ou machine électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif ou machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018352A1
EP0018352A1 EP80890040A EP80890040A EP0018352A1 EP 0018352 A1 EP0018352 A1 EP 0018352A1 EP 80890040 A EP80890040 A EP 80890040A EP 80890040 A EP80890040 A EP 80890040A EP 0018352 A1 EP0018352 A1 EP 0018352A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
permanent magnet
magnetic
machine according
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80890040A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0018352B1 (fr
Inventor
J. Milton Dr. Prof. Bailey
Igor Dr. Prof. Alexeff
H. Werner Dr. Kreidl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motor Magnetics Inc
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Motor Magnetics Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Motor Magnetics Inc filed Critical Motor Magnetics Inc
Priority to AT80890040T priority Critical patent/ATE8825T1/de
Publication of EP0018352A1 publication Critical patent/EP0018352A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0018352B1 publication Critical patent/EP0018352B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H01F7/206—Electromagnets for lifting, handling or transporting of magnetic pieces or material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H01F7/206—Electromagnets for lifting, handling or transporting of magnetic pieces or material
    • H01F2007/208—Electromagnets for lifting, handling or transporting of magnetic pieces or material combined with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical device or machine with at least one magnet arrangement having an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet with its pole faces resting on both sides of the winding of the electromagnet on the core thereof and the ends of the core of the electromagnet forming or carrying the pole shoes of the magnet arrangement and wherein based on the excited state of the electromagnet, the poles of the permanent magnet are adjacent to the poles of the same name of the electromagnet.
  • the invention aims to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage of the known magnet arrangement.
  • the combined magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet can be used even without a drastic increase in the cross-section of the legs and pole pieces of the magnet arrangement, and the invention essentially consists in that the maximum value of the Excitation current of the electromagnet is sufficient, but not is greater than is necessary to achieve the first practical saturation value of the magnetic induction in the pole ends of the core of the magnet arrangement in the absence of the permanent magnet.
  • the magnet arrangement according to the invention is useful for all electromagnetic devices and electrical machines in which a magnetic field with high induction values is required, in particular if the magnetic field is to be periodically changeable between zero and a maximum value.
  • the invention can be applied in the stator and in the rotor or only in one of the two parts.
  • FIG. 1 A particularly good utilization of the magnetic circuit can be achieved in that the cross-sectional area of the pole shoes or the ends of the core of the electromagnet is of such a size that when the electromagnet is fully excited, twice the amount of the magnetic induction corresponding to the first practical saturation value occurs.
  • the arrangement is expediently such that the cross section of the pole pieces is smaller than the sum of the cross section that is used at the first practical saturation value to conduct the magnetic flux of the fully excited electromagnet alone and the cross section that is used at the first practical saturation value to conduct the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet alone is required.
  • the cross section of the yoke of the electromagnet carrying the winding is magnetically matched to the cross section of the permanent magnet, so that the yoke of the non-excited electromagnet is approximately saturated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet at the first practical saturation value .
  • the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet lying directly on the legs or pole pieces of the electromagnet is closed via the legs and the yoke of the unexcited electromagnet, and no significant magnetic flux flows out of the pole faces of the magnet arrangement into the outer magnetic circuit, especially the outer one magnetic circuit in rotating electrical machines in any case, but also in most other electrical devices and machines has an air gap which increases the magnetic resistance.
  • Excitation of the electromagnet causes a flux in the yoke which is opposite to the magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnet, and a magnetic flux then occurs in the outer magnetic circuit due to the superposition of both fluxes.
  • the optimal effect of the magnet arrangement can be achieved if, during operation, the electromagnet is excited to supply a magnetic flux which is approximately the same as the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. If so, the fully excited electromagnet and the permanent magnet Providing approximately equal contributions to the total magnetic flux, the magnetic flux in the outer circle can be controlled between almost zero and approximately twice the value of the magnetic flux supplied by the permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic energy is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux or the magnetic induction.
  • A is the pole area in m 2
  • B is the magnetic induction in T
  • F is the load capacity in N.
  • the magnetic induction of a solenoid to be operated with direct current need only be changed between zero and a value as large as possible in a single magnetization direction, and the invention is advantageous for saving electrical energy and material expenditure for the magnetic flux-conducting parts of the magnet arrangement and their copper winding applicable.
  • the invention allows the magnetic flux to be doubled and thus four times the load capacity. In experiments carried out, an increase in the magnetic flux by 60% was achieved with the magnet arrangement according to the invention with the same excitation current as for a corresponding arrangement without a permanent magnet.
  • Loose bundles of rods or are found in filter devices for separating particles made of flow media from ferromagnetic material Use wires made of ferromagnetic material that are highly magnetizable during a deposition cycle to magnetically attract and hold particles, and that are demagnetized during a subsequent rinse cycle.
  • a suitable magnet arrangement according to the invention consists of a soft iron rod and a rod-shaped permanent magnet arranged parallel to the latter, both of which are surrounded by a winding, the poles of the permanent magnet resting on the soft iron rod outside the ends of the winding. Another possibility is to maintain a matrix of soft iron wires in the inventive design of the outer magnet system surrounding the wire bundle with permanent magnet and electromagnet.
  • the invention can also be used advantageously in rotating electrical machines.
  • the magnet arrangement according to the invention can be used without any problems, whereas magnetic circuits of the machine to be operated in both magnetization directions can only be operated in one half-wave with a magnet arrangement according to the invention, so that two magnet arrangements according to the invention are required for full-wave operation.
  • the application of the invention doubles the rotation moment compared to a conventional motor, which also reduces the so-called iron losses due to the change in magnetization due to the lower iron mass.
  • the soft magnetic, in particular rod-shaped core of the ignition coil is interrupted at one point and a permanent magnet is inserted at this point, the poles of which are in contact with the two core parts.
  • a permanent magnet with one of its two poles can rest against at least one end of the core.
  • Hiebei for magnetizing the core by the primary current in the first quadrant of the magnetization line with the help of the permanent magnet causes a "bias" in the third quadrant, whereby a larger area of the magnetization line can be used, so that to achieve the same secondary voltage as in a conventional ignition coil the ignition coil according to the invention can be made smaller (smaller core and / or lower number of secondary turns).
  • magnet arrangement according to the invention with the advantage of reducing the material and / or energy expenditure are in the field of particle accelerators, such as betatrons, ion and plasma accelerators.
  • particle accelerators such as betatrons, ion and plasma accelerators.
  • the magnet arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has an electromagnet 1 and a permanent magnet 2.
  • the Electromagnet has a yoke 4 made of ferromagnetic material and provided with a winding 3. On each of the two end faces of the yoke 4, a leg 5 or 6 of ferromagnetic material lies tightly. The free ends of the legs 5 and 6 represent pole shoes 7 and 8, respectively. In FIG. 1, each pole shoe is shown in one piece with the associated leg. Of course, however, separate pole shoes made of a ferromagnetic material that differs from the material of the legs and / or with a special geometric shape could also abut the leg ends.
  • the permanent magnet 2 is inserted between the legs 5 and 6 of the electromagnet with their end faces lying tightly against them.
  • an armature 9 made of ferromagnetic material, an air gap 10 and 11 being present on both sides between the pole faces and the armature.
  • Such an air gap is absolutely necessary in rotating electrical machines with parts moving against one another, but in many cases there is also a working gap filled with non-ferro- or paramagnetic material in other electromagnetic devices, for example to prevent the armature from sticking ("sticking") to the electromagnet to prevent retentive magnetic flux or stray flux.
  • the cross section of the yoke 4 is adjusted taking into account the magnetic properties of its material to the work induction of the permanent magnet 2, so that the yoke of the unexcited electromagnet 1 is approximately saturated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2.
  • the entire magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2 can pass through the legs 5, 6 and the yoke 4 and in the outer magnetic containing the armature 9 Circle, which has an increased magnetic resistance due to the presence of air gaps 10 and 11, does not cause any appreciable magnetic flux due to the magnetism of the permanent magnet 2 alone.
  • the magnetic flux originating from the permanent magnet 2 in the yoke 4 and in the regions of the legs 5 and 6 facing away from the pole shoes 7 and 8 is more or less suppressed depending on the field strength of the electromagnet 1 and in this way into the armature 9 containing outer magnetic circuit.
  • the latter and the permanent magnet 2 deliver approximately the same proportions of magnetic flux into the outer magnetic circuit.
  • the cross sections of the pole shoes 7 and 8 would have to be dimensioned so large that the pole shoe material is not saturated under the aforementioned conditions.
  • the electromagnet 1 could be used alone (without the permanent magnet 2 used) or when used of the same strong permanent magnet 2 alone (without the yoke 4 used) on the armature 9 a certain load capacity.
  • FIG. 2 shows an experimental arrangement for measuring the distribution of the magnetic induction in the air gap of a magnet arrangement according to the invention.
  • 12 and 13 the poles of a large electromagnet, not shown.
  • the area of the distance between the pole faces of the electromagnet that was not required for the sample was bridged by a bundle 14 of transformer sheets with an amply dimensioned overall cross section.
  • a pole shoe 15 was attached to this bundle 14, the area 16 of its right end face projecting against the pole 13 of the electromagnet has an air gap 17 with a cross section of 12.7 x 31.75 mm2 limited.
  • a permanent magnet 18 with a square cross section and a side length of 25.4 mm and a length of 6.35 mm was used, which was tight with one pole face on the pole 13 of the electromagnet and with the other pole face on the pole shoe 15.
  • the distribution of the magnetic induction in the air gap 17 was measured with a small Hall probe, the uniform distribution of the induction shown in the diagram of FIG. 3 being obtained with a certain excitation of the electromagnet.
  • FIG. 4 shows a measuring arrangement for examining a magnet arrangement according to the invention with technical alternating current in half-wave operation.
  • a magnet arrangement according to FIG. 1 was examined, the mean magnetic path length in the yoke 4 (including the proportion of the width of the legs 5, 6) being 55 mm and in the legs 5, 6 each 65 mm.
  • the cross section of the yoke, the legs and the armature 9 had the size 17.5 mm x 6.3 mm.
  • Each air gap 10, 11 had a length of 0.25 mm and a Hall probe 19 for measuring the magnetic induction was arranged in one of these air gaps.
  • the winding 3 had 1000 turns.
  • a variable isolating transformer 20 is used to reduce the mains voltage as desired. Since the magnetization of the electromagnet only makes sense in one direction, there is a diode 21 between the tap of the transformer 20 and one end of the winding 3. The other end of the winding 3 is connected to earth . One end of the secondary winding of the transformer 20 is via a current measurement Resistor 22 connected to earth. To measure the excitation current of the electromagnet, the voltage drop across the resistor 22 is tapped at the terminals 23. The Hall probe 19 is fed via terminals 24 with a constant current of 50 mA. This results in a voltage of 30 mV for an induction in the air gap of 0.6 T at the terminals 25.
  • Measuring instruments indicating the peak value can be connected to the terminals 23 and 25, but the processes are more manageable if the terminals 23 and 25 are connected to the vertical inputs of a two-channel oscilloscope whose horizontal deflection is synchronized with the mains frequency.
  • the winding 3 was subjected to a half-wave current of 0.7 A peak value, with no saturation of the soft iron parts 4, 5, 6 and 9 yet.
  • the peak value of the voltage emitted by the Hall probe 19 at the terminals 25 was 23 mV, corresponding to a magnetic induction of 0.46 T.
  • the permanent magnet 2 was inserted between the legs 5 and 6 and the excitation current of the electromagnet was set so that the Hall probe 19 again provided a voltage at the terminals 25 with a peak value of 23 mV corresponding to a magnetic induction of 0.46 T.
  • the peak value of the required magnetizing current was now only 0.4 A, which means a reduction of 43%.
  • a comparison of the peak-to-peak values of the AC voltage on winding 3 in both cases showed only a slight decrease from 65 V to 62 V.
  • the Hall probe 19 supplied a voltage at the terminals 25 with a peak value of 32 mV, corresponding to an induction of 0.64 T.
  • the permanent magnet 2 was then inserted into the magnet arrangement and the new measured values were determined without changing the setting of the variable transformer 20.
  • the peak-to-peak value of the voltage on the winding 3 was 85 V in both cases.
  • the peak value of the magnetizing current decreased to 0.7 A, ie by 50%, whereas the peak value of that from the Hall probe 19 at the terminals 25 supplied voltage rose to 42 mV, which means that the magnetic induction, whose saturation had previously started at 0.64 T, now increased to 0.84 T, ie increased by around 30%.
  • a magnet arrangement according to the invention in all those cases in which the magnetic flux or the magnetic induction of a magnet system must be switchable or changeable between approximately zero and a maximum value, such as solenoids, relays, rotating electrical machines and the like.
  • magnetic filter devices for separating ferro to mention magnetic material consisting of particles from a flow medium.
  • a matrix of wires made of ferromagnetic material is provided in the path of the flow medium, which wires can be magnetized by an external electromagnet. During a deposition phase, the wires are magnetized as strongly as possible and thereby hold ferromagnetic particles from the flow medium.
  • the matrix is loaded with deposited particles and must be removed from the deposits during a subsequent cleaning phase by switching off the magnetization and flushing the matrix of wires with a rinsing liquid, thereby removing the previously held ferromagnetic particles.
  • the outer electromagnet can advantageously be replaced by a magnet arrangement according to the invention, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 An arrangement as shown in FIG. 5 is also conceivable for these and other purposes, a permanent magnet 27 being arranged next to a rod or wire 26 made of soft magnetic material, the poles of which outside the ends of a winding 28 on the rod or wire 26 concerns.
  • the winding 28 surrounds both the core of the electromagnet formed by the rod or wire 26 and the permanent magnet 27. It is essential here that the rod or wire 26 extends beyond the permanent magnet 27 in the longitudinal direction at both ends.
  • FIG. 6 shows the magnetization line of the soft magnetic material of a magnetic circuit, which can be formed, for example, by parts 4, 5, 6 and 9 according to FIG. 1 and which represents an electromagnet when current passes through the winding 3.
  • the magnetic flux can run either clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the electrical excitation, and the magnetization curve is completely symmetrical with respect to the origin of the coordinate system.
  • FIG. 7 is intended to indicate the change in the magnetic circuit as is caused by inserting the permanent magnet 2 into the magnet arrangement shown in FIG. 1. This can be thought of as a parallel shift of the magnetization line by the amount of the permanent field, which leads to the working characteristic 30. If it is possible to raise the upper limit of the magnetic induction of B 0 in the diagram in FIG. 6 to a value 2 B 0 in the diagram in FIG. 7, the new magnet arrangement with an inserted permanent magnet is compared to an equally large and equally excited one Electromagnet a quadrupling of the lifting force can be achieved.
  • FIG. 8 This is shown in Fig. 8, in which the lifting force F is plotted as a function of the excitation current I of the electromagnet.
  • the dashed curve 31 shows the course of the lifting force of an electromagnet, which is symmetrical with respect to the axis of ordinate, the lifting force being independent of the direction of the current and dependent only on the current strength, and in the case of small current strengths the known square dependence of the lifting force on the exciter Current is available, whereas with very large currents due to the magnetic saturation of the ferromagnetic material, a further increase in the lifting force can no longer be achieved.
  • Curve 32 shows the course for a magnet arrangement according to the invention, which course also depends on the direction of the magnetizing current, whereby in the case of the additive combination of the magnetic fluxes of the electromagnet and permanent magnet in the outer magnetic circuit with the same flux components from the electromagnet and from the permanent magnet according to FIG. 7 a doubling of the magnetic flux compared to excitation by the electromagnet alone and thus a quadrupling of the lifting force can be achieved.
  • FIG. 9 shows a conventional rectifier circuit with a mains transformer 33, rectifier bridge 34, filter choke 35, charging capacitor 36, filter capacitor 37 and a consumer 38.
  • the winding of the choke 35 has a pulsating direct current flowing through it, or, in other words, a small one A large direct current J 0 is superimposed on alternating current.
  • the utilization of the mass of the iron core can now be improved by the invention.
  • An embodiment of the throttle is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the iron core 36 of this choke carries a winding 37 and has an air gap 38 outside the winding.
  • the air gap is intended to bring about a linearization of the effective magnetization line of the overall arrangement by shearing the magnetization line, the occurrence of magnetic saturation is thereby to be avoided and finally the influence of tolerances of the physical properties of the Core material reduced, so that the self-induction values of the individual chokes differ only slightly from a predetermined setpoint.
  • a permanent magnet 39 resting on the "pole pieces" of the choke 35, the desired effect can again be achieved, by means of which a better utilization of the iron core cross section is made possible.
  • the type according to FIG. 10 with the permanent magnet 39 or the type shown in FIG. 11 is more favorable, a disc-shaped permanent magnet 40 being arranged in the air gap of the iron core 36.
  • Fig. 12 shows the usual conditions on a screen throttle without using a permanent magnet. It can be seen that the current fluctuations make up only a fraction, for example 10%, of the direct current flowing through the winding of the choke. Most of the iron cross-section of the choke is therefore necessary to absorb the magnetic flux ⁇ 0 caused by the direct current J 0 .
  • screen chokes are usually dimensioned for economic reasons so that work is already being done in the curved part of the magnetization line. This means that the maximum self-induction is no longer available due to the DC bias.
  • the operating point can now be moved in the vicinity of the origin of the magnetization line or at least in a region of slight curvature of the magnetization line, despite the direct current flowing through the winding 37 of the choke 35, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the maximum self-induction of the throttle is available for the sieving effect the cross section of the iron core 36 can be made smaller.
  • FIG. 14 shows the ignition circuit for an Otto engine, in which the voltage of an accumulator 43 is periodically connected to the primary winding of an ignition coil 41 via an interrupter 42. Spark plugs 45, of which only one is shown in the drawing, can be connected to the secondary winding of the ignition coil 41 via a distributor 44. From the type of feeding the primary winding of the ignition coil 41, it is readily apparent that the magnetization of the iron core of the ignition coil only fluctuates between zero and a maximum value in one and the same magnetization direction, i.e. only half of the useful part of the magnetization line is actually used, which is what corresponds to an energy utilization of the iron core of 25%. In this case, too, the invention provides a remedy by modifying the iron core in the manner shown in FIG. 15.
  • a rod-shaped laminated iron core which carries a secondary winding 49 and a primary winding 50, is thus arranged in a metal cup 46 between an insulator 47 carrying the electrical connections and a bottom-side insulating brick 48.
  • the iron core is divided into two parts 51a and 51b, and a permanent magnet 52 is arranged between these two parts, and its pole faces bear against the end faces of the core parts facing it.
  • the core parts 51a and 51b are magnetized in such a direction that the North pole of the end face adjacent to the permanent magnet of one core part is a north pole and a south pole is formed on the end face of the other core part adjacent to the south pole of the permanent magnet 52.
  • FIG. 16 shows that in a conventional ignition coil only half of the magnetization line of the iron core can be used. If, on the other hand, a premagnetization of the iron core is effected in the opposite direction to the magnetization generated by flooding on the part of the primary winding, then an area of the magnetization line which is almost twice as large is available for the magnetic control of the iron core, as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the invention can also be used to advantage in rotating electrical machines. It should be borne in mind that in AC machines, a magnet arrangement according to the invention can only work with half waves of one and the same polarity. The number of magnet arrangements must be doubled for operation with half-waves of both polarities.
  • 18 schematically shows the formation of stator poles for an AC motor.
  • the rotor 53 is surrounded by a stator 54, the poles 55, 56 of which reach the rotor surface while maintaining an air gap.
  • Each stator pole carries a winding 57 and, according to the invention, a permanent magnet 58 is provided between adjacent stator poles 55 and 56.
  • the magnetic circuit is of the permanent magnet 58 is closed via the stator and no appreciable magnetic flux penetrates into the rotor 53 through the air gaps.
  • the windings 57 are subjected to the rated current, the superimposed magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet 58 and the electromagnets formed by the pole parts 55 and 56 provided with windings 57 flow through the air gaps through the rotor 53.
  • the geometrically somewhat differently designed field poles 59, 60, 61 and 62 of the stator of a direct current motor can be equipped with permanent magnets 63, 64, 65 and 66 each bridging adjacent e-pole shoes, as shown in FIG. 19.
  • FIG. 20 A possible embodiment of a magnet arrangement according to the invention for a magnetic separator has already been explained with reference to FIG. 5.
  • a magnetic separator is shown in FIG. 20 with a modified embodiment of the magnet arrangement, which is located outside the separator container and thus outside the flow medium.
  • the separator container is provided with an inlet line 68 and an outlet line 69 on opposite end faces.
  • the container 67 is made of non-ferromagnetic material and is loosely filled with wires made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the outside of the container 67 is surrounded by an iron core 70, which can be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the feed line 68 and the discharge line 69.
  • the iron core 70 carries windings 71 and its yokes carrying the windings are bridged by permanent magnets 72.
  • the mode of operation of this embodiment of a magnet arrangement according to the invention is again that Unexcited state of the winding 71, the space of the container 67 is almost free of magnetic fields, whereas when current flows through the windings 71, the superimposed magnetic fluxes of the electromagnets and the permanent magnets are effective for flooding the wires made of ferromagnetic material present in the container 67. It is thus possible to switch between a cleaning phase without a magnetic field acting in the separator for rinsing the same and a deposition phase with a magnetic field acting in the separator.
  • FIG. 21 shows a torque-speed diagram of a test version of a direct current motor with a magnet arrangement according to the invention in the stator with three different field currents for the excitation of the electromagnet, each with and without a permanent magnet.
  • Hiebei apply curves 73, 74 and 75 for the interaction of the electromagnet and permanent magnet according to the invention at excitation currents of 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A and curves 76, 77 and 78 for the generation of the stator field with the Electromagnets alone also with excitation currents of 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A.
  • FIG. 22 is a torque-speed diagram for Comparison of a conventional DC motor and a DC motor equipped with a magnet arrangement according to the invention for generating fields in the stator.
  • Curves 79, 80 and 81 apply for field currents of 0.3 A, 0.4 A and 0.5 A and curves 82, 83 and 84 for a conventional motor for field currents of 0.4 A for the motor equipped according to the invention .0, 5 A or 0.6 A.
  • Field currents higher than 0.1 A were deliberately chosen for the conventional motor, although the superiority of the motor equipped according to the invention is clearly evident.
  • the motor equipped according to the invention requires less electrical energy for the generation of the stator field, is also very economical with regard to the cost of materials and delivers a higher output than the comparable conventional electric motor. If necessary, the very small remanent stator field of the electric motor equipped according to the invention can be used for idling at high speed with the electrical excitation of the stator switched off.
  • the magnetization curve 85 applies to the magnet arrangement with the electromagnet alone and the magnetization curve 86 applies to the magnet arrangement with the permanent magnet inserted. In the latter case, the remanence is somewhat higher than without a permanent magnet, but the magnetic induction can still be reduced to very small values by switching off the electromagnet.
  • a similar diagram is shown in FIG. 24, whereby efforts have been made to achieve the highest possible air gap induction with a still justifiable, economical material expenditure.
  • a favorable working point on the curve 87 with regard to material utilization and energy expenditure for the electromagnet which applies to the magnet arrangement according to the invention without a permanent magnet inserted, is at a magnetic induction of 0.53 T. With this excitation by a voltage of about 60 V on the winding of the With the permanent magnet used, electromagnets have a magnetic induction of 1 T in the air gap at the corresponding working point on curve 88. This corresponds to an increase in the magnetic induction by the controlling effect of the magnetic flux of the electromagnet on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet by 88%.
  • the permanent magnet Since in the magnet arrangement according to the invention the permanent magnet is in a closed ferromagnetic circuit and since fully magnetized permanent magnets which are not in a closed ferromagnetic circuit suffer a weakening of their magnetization, it is expedient to magnetize the Make permanent magnets only after installation in a magnet arrangement according to the invention, for which purpose the electromagnet present in the magnet arrangement is suitable. Overloading the winding of the electromagnet can be accepted because the magnetization only takes place with short current pulses. With this type of magnetization, the permanent magnet no longer needs to be removed from the closed ferromagnetic circuit and its magnetization state is therefore no longer impaired by structural measures.
  • a combination of the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet and the excited electromagnet in the air gap of electrical machines preferably results in a magnetic induction of 0.8 to 1. 1 T generated because under these conditions at Use of conventional ferromagnetic materials and economical production, the advantages which can be achieved by the invention, such as material and weight savings and reduced energy expenditure, come to fruition.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
EP80890040A 1979-04-05 1980-04-03 Dispositif ou machine électrique Expired EP0018352B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80890040T ATE8825T1 (de) 1980-04-03 1980-04-03 Elektrische vorrichtung oder maschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2551/79 1979-04-05
AT255179 1979-04-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018352A1 true EP0018352A1 (fr) 1980-10-29
EP0018352B1 EP0018352B1 (fr) 1984-08-01

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EP80890040A Expired EP0018352B1 (fr) 1979-04-05 1980-04-03 Dispositif ou machine électrique

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US (1) US4479103A (fr)
EP (1) EP0018352B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3068769D1 (fr)

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US5071267A (en) * 1986-08-14 1991-12-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Actuation magnet for a printing stylus of a matrix printer
WO2005107356A3 (fr) * 2004-05-12 2006-04-20 Tinoco Soares Jose Calos Jr Moteur a reluctance electrique hybride
DE102011014192A1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
EP1862624A3 (fr) * 2006-06-01 2013-12-18 Pilz Auslandsbeteiligungen GmbH Dispositif de maintien pour un dispositif de protection de l'accès

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US4571213A (en) * 1983-11-17 1986-02-18 Nikko Co., Ltd. Direction-converting device for a toy car
NO300439B1 (no) * 1994-11-30 1997-05-26 Maritime Hydraulics As Fremgangsmåte og anordning for å detektere full magnetisering av elektro-permanent-magneter
EP0838891A1 (fr) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-29 Sanshiro Ogino Dispositif de conversion d'énergie avec aimants permanents
CN1067815C (zh) * 1996-11-13 2001-06-27 荻野三四郎 利用永磁铁的能量转换装置
JP3595955B2 (ja) * 1999-05-28 2004-12-02 三四郎 荻野 ベーシックファクターを用いた発電機能を有する電動機
GB202001714D0 (en) 2020-02-07 2020-03-25 Deregallera Holdings Ltd Motor/Generator

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DE1439088A1 (de) * 1960-09-12 1968-12-19 Vente D Aimants Allevard Ugine Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines magnetischen Flusses

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US5071267A (en) * 1986-08-14 1991-12-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Actuation magnet for a printing stylus of a matrix printer
WO2005107356A3 (fr) * 2004-05-12 2006-04-20 Tinoco Soares Jose Calos Jr Moteur a reluctance electrique hybride
US7615905B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2009-11-10 Oscar Rolando Avila Cusicanqui Hybrid electric reluctance motor
EP1862624A3 (fr) * 2006-06-01 2013-12-18 Pilz Auslandsbeteiligungen GmbH Dispositif de maintien pour un dispositif de protection de l'accès
DE102011014192A1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
DE102011014192B4 (de) * 2011-03-16 2014-03-06 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
US9214267B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2015-12-15 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Electromagnetic actuator device

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EP0018352B1 (fr) 1984-08-01
US4479103A (en) 1984-10-23

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