EP0019169A1 - Utilisation d'une dispersion aqueuse d'un copolymère à groupes amides, préparé en émulsion, pour le renforcement de mâts à fibres - Google Patents

Utilisation d'une dispersion aqueuse d'un copolymère à groupes amides, préparé en émulsion, pour le renforcement de mâts à fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0019169A1
EP0019169A1 EP80102412A EP80102412A EP0019169A1 EP 0019169 A1 EP0019169 A1 EP 0019169A1 EP 80102412 A EP80102412 A EP 80102412A EP 80102412 A EP80102412 A EP 80102412A EP 0019169 A1 EP0019169 A1 EP 0019169A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
parts
general formula
units
amide groups
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80102412A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0019169B1 (fr
EP0019169B2 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Dr. Czauderna
Andreas Dr. Einwiller
Kaspar Dr. Bott
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BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6071215&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0019169(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP0019169A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019169A1/fr
Publication of EP0019169B1 publication Critical patent/EP0019169B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0019169B2 publication Critical patent/EP0019169B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D04H1/65—Impregnation followed by a solidification process using mixed or composite fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides
    • D06M15/29—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides containing a N-methylol group or an etherified N-methylol group; containing a N-aminomethylene group; containing a N-sulfidomethylene group

Definitions

  • such copolymers generally contain the N-methylolamides of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid and / or their ether poly-derived from alkanols usually containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms merized.
  • the amount of such amide group-containing monomers is usually between 3 and 6% by weight and, in addition, the copolymers usually also contain 3 to 5 C atoms containing ⁇ , ⁇ -monoolefinically unsaturated mono- and / or dicarboxylic acids or their amides copolymerized. Examples of such binders are known from US Pat. No. 3,137,589.
  • the amide group-containing copolymers which contain recurring units of the general formula I can be prepared by polymerizing the monomer mixture containing acrylic and / or methacrylamide in aqueous emulsion in the presence of glyoxylic acid under otherwise customary conditions.
  • a particularly advantageous crosslinking is observed in those binders, impregnating agents and coating compositions whose copolymers containing amide groups, in addition to units of the general formula I, also have N-methylolacrylamide units and / or N-methylolmethacrylamide units, since this achieves a synergistic effect. which, when used solely as a binder for nonwovens, leads to particularly high resistance to washing and dry cleaning.
  • aqueous dispersions of the copolymers containing amide groups can be prepared in a conventional manner by emulsion polymerization using the customary radical-forming polymerization initiators, emulsifying and dispersing auxiliaries and, if appropriate, regulators.
  • aqueous dispersion of a copolymer containing amide groups with 4.5% by weight of repeating units of the general formula I is obtained.
  • the dispersion can be used as such as a binder for nonwoven fabrics, and also as an impregnating agent for textiles and as a binder for pigment printing pastes.
  • Example 2 The procedure is as given in Example 1, but only 566 g of ethyl acrylate and 27 g of N-acrylamidoglycolic acid are used as monomers. An aqueous dispersion which can be used as such as a binder for nonwoven fabrics is obtained under otherwise identical conditions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP80102412A 1979-05-19 1980-05-05 Utilisation d'une dispersion aqueuse d'un copolymère à groupes amides, préparé en émulsion, pour le renforcement de mâts à fibres Expired EP0019169B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2920377 1979-05-19
DE19792920377 DE2920377A1 (de) 1979-05-19 1979-05-19 Binde-, impraegnier- und ueberzugsmittel auf basis einer waessrigen dispersion eines amidgruppenhaltigen copolymerisats

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0019169A1 true EP0019169A1 (fr) 1980-11-26
EP0019169B1 EP0019169B1 (fr) 1983-01-26
EP0019169B2 EP0019169B2 (fr) 1989-02-22

Family

ID=6071215

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80102412A Expired EP0019169B2 (fr) 1979-05-19 1980-05-05 Utilisation d'une dispersion aqueuse d'un copolymère à groupes amides, préparé en émulsion, pour le renforcement de mâts à fibres

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4289676A (fr)
EP (1) EP0019169B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS55155062A (fr)
DE (2) DE2920377A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES491606A0 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311908B1 (fr) * 1987-10-14 1993-02-17 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de copolymères d'esters (méth-)acryliques en deux phases et leur usage comme agent d'imprégnation de revêtement et liant pour des substrats textiles plats
EP0661305A1 (fr) 1993-12-23 1995-07-05 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Dispersions aqueuses de résines synthétiques contenant pas de formaldéhyde
EP0591821B1 (fr) * 1992-10-06 1997-01-15 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Voile textile qui convient pour le compost, lié avec un polymère greffé de saccharide

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4454301A (en) * 1982-06-07 1984-06-12 American Cyanamid Company Crosslinking coating compositions
US4522973A (en) * 1983-09-06 1985-06-11 American Cyanamid Company Low temperature crosslinkable emulsion
DE3507154A1 (de) * 1985-02-28 1986-08-28 Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt Gebundenes textiles flaechengebilde und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPH0623363B2 (ja) * 1985-05-09 1994-03-30 日本カーバイド工業株式会社 感圧接着剤組成物
DE3534874A1 (de) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-02 Basf Lacke & Farben Loesliches, vernetzbares acrylatcopolymerisat, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und ueberzugsmittel auf der basis des acrylatcopolymerisats
EP0223908B1 (fr) * 1985-11-18 1993-02-24 Tomio Nakazawa Procédé de production en continu de complexes non-tissés fortement hydrophiles
EP0237643A3 (fr) * 1985-12-24 1989-07-05 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Copolymères d'acétate de vinyle, d'éthylène et d'acide N-acrylamidoglycolique, ne dégageant pas de formaldéhyde et utilisables comme liants pour non-tissés
US4808660A (en) * 1986-04-03 1989-02-28 Gencorp Inc. Latex containing copolymers having a plurality of activatable functional ester groups therein
US4954564A (en) * 1986-11-14 1990-09-04 Gencorp Inc. Process for preparing unsaturated nitrogen containing acids
US4956495A (en) * 1986-11-14 1990-09-11 Gencorp. Inc. Process for preparing unsaturated nitrogen containing acids
US4774283A (en) * 1987-03-02 1988-09-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Nonwoven binders of vinyl acetate/ethylene/self-crosslinking monomers/acrylamide copolymers having improved blocking resistance
US4814226A (en) * 1987-03-02 1989-03-21 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Nonwoven products bonded with vinyl acetate/ethylene/self-crosslinking monomer/acrylamide copolymers having improved blocking resistance
US5028655A (en) * 1987-12-15 1991-07-02 Union Oil Company Of California Fast cure, zero formaldehyde binder for cellulose
US5008326A (en) * 1987-12-15 1991-04-16 Union Oil Company Of California Process for preparing a fast cure, zero formaldehyde binder for cellulose
US4844970A (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Zirconium (III) salts as cure co-catalysts for nonwoven binders comprising acrylamidoglycolic acid
US4939200A (en) * 1988-01-28 1990-07-03 Union Oil Company Of California Fast curing binder for cellulose
US4861076A (en) * 1988-04-13 1989-08-29 Newman Sanitary Gasket Company Gasket for sanitary pipe fittings
US5278222A (en) * 1989-02-13 1994-01-11 Rohm And Haas Company Low viscosity, fast curing binder for cellulose
US5198492A (en) * 1989-02-13 1993-03-30 Rohn And Haas Company Low viscosity, fast curing binder for cellulose
DE3911943A1 (de) * 1989-04-12 1990-10-18 Basf Ag Waessrige kunstharzdispersionen
DE3911942A1 (de) * 1989-04-12 1990-10-18 Basf Ag Waessrige kunstharzdispersionen
IT1238234B (it) * 1989-12-21 1993-07-12 Eniricerche Spa Polimeri contenenti unita' (met) acrilammido maloniche
IT1243492B (it) * 1990-11-23 1994-06-15 Eniricerche Spa Composizioni acquose gelificabili contenenti polimeri con particolari gruppi funzionali chelanti utili per il recupero del petrolio da un giacimento.
US5314943A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-05-24 Rohm And Haax Company Low viscosity high strength acid binder
DE4040959C1 (fr) * 1990-12-20 1992-03-12 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen, De
US5200460A (en) * 1991-04-30 1993-04-06 Shell Oil Company Polyacetal polymer blends
US5122502A (en) * 1991-07-11 1992-06-16 Eastman Kodak Company Copolymers of alkyl (2-acrylamidomethoxy carboxylic esters) as subbing/barrier layers
DE9110054U1 (de) * 1991-08-14 1991-10-10 Röhm GmbH, 64293 Darmstadt Wäßriges Bindemittel für textile Flächengebilde
US5415926A (en) * 1993-02-25 1995-05-16 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Process for reducing the free aldehyde content in N-alkylol amide monomers
US5523345A (en) * 1994-02-25 1996-06-04 Gencorp Inc. Latex binder compositions
DE102005037113A1 (de) * 2005-08-03 2007-02-08 Basf Ag Verwendung einer thermisch härtbaren wässrigen Zusammensetzung als Bindemittel für Substrate
US20070298208A1 (en) * 2006-06-27 2007-12-27 Aseere Lester M Process of preparing carpet backing using nonwoven material
CN102808354A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-05 星光Pmc株式会社 板纸制造方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1458364A (fr) * 1965-08-26 1966-03-04 Nobel Bozel Nouvelles laques acryliques thermodurcissables
GB1103916A (en) * 1964-06-09 1968-02-21 Nobel Bozel ª‡,ª‰-ethylene-n-alkylol amides and a method for their preparation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL245012A (fr) * 1958-11-05

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1103916A (en) * 1964-06-09 1968-02-21 Nobel Bozel ª‡,ª‰-ethylene-n-alkylol amides and a method for their preparation
FR1458364A (fr) * 1965-08-26 1966-03-04 Nobel Bozel Nouvelles laques acryliques thermodurcissables

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311908B1 (fr) * 1987-10-14 1993-02-17 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de copolymères d'esters (méth-)acryliques en deux phases et leur usage comme agent d'imprégnation de revêtement et liant pour des substrats textiles plats
EP0591821B1 (fr) * 1992-10-06 1997-01-15 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Voile textile qui convient pour le compost, lié avec un polymère greffé de saccharide
EP0661305A1 (fr) 1993-12-23 1995-07-05 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Dispersions aqueuses de résines synthétiques contenant pas de formaldéhyde

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS55155062A (en) 1980-12-03
ES8203944A1 (es) 1982-04-16
DE3061753D1 (en) 1983-03-03
US4289676A (en) 1981-09-15
DE2920377A1 (de) 1980-12-04
EP0019169B1 (fr) 1983-01-26
EP0019169B2 (fr) 1989-02-22
JPS6364463B2 (fr) 1988-12-12
ES491606A0 (es) 1982-04-16

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