Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
  • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
  • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
  • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
  • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
  • F25B2400/16—Receivers

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a method of running a coo ling-heating pump plant with an improved heat recovery and defrosting, said plant comprising one compressor, at least one condenser and at least two evaporators, said components being connected to each other via. necessary conduits and said evaporators being defrosted by means of hot high-pressure liquid from the compressor.
• the invention also referto a cooling-heating pump plant for performing the method.
• the defrosting is done by reversing a valve so that the working medium in form of hot gas rushes inco the exterior battery, which before the reversing was active as an evaporator.
• the reversing is done very quickly and may result in a serious shock in the system and consequently a shortened length of life.
• the sudden pressure rise in the cold exterior battery may cause a steam collapse, which results in a momentary change of high pressure and suction pressure, and an expansion will be achieved in the compressor instead of a Compression.
• the reversing valve used at known system is a four-way valve, through which high-pressure gas from the compressor as well as low-pressure gas from the exterior battery flows.
• the temperature of the high.-pressure gas can be about 90°C, while the temperature of the low-pressure gas is about ⁇ 0o.
• the condensate from the receiver After the defrosting the condensate from the receiver must be forced to circulate through the evaporator once more before it, via the expansion valve, can be provided to the suction side of the compressor in an expanded state, that is as low-pressure gas.
• the bringing back of the condensate to the system and the storing of said condensate in the receiver takes plenty of time.
• the evaporator is inactive, which can only be accepted at such systems where a doubling of one and the same function unit is done. When it is desired to utilize every evaporator at a maximum, such a long stoppage cannot be allowed.
• the purpose of the previous invention is to eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages and to provide a method and a cooling-heating pump plant, which is simple as far as construction and operation is concerned and which gives a high average factor a year for the heating effect emission.
• This task has been solved by the fact that the one or those of the evaporators working as heat emitters (e.g.
• the hot high-pressure liquid will, when the valves are opened, rush into the evaporator which is to be defrosted, and as the liquid is many times over a more effective heat carrier than gas, an immediate defrosting will occur.
• the supercooled high-pressure liquid from the defrosted evaporator is not led back to the compressor but is led directly to an operation container, from which the refrigerant can be distributed to other evaporators of the system or to the evaporator, which has been defrosted.
• the refrigerant will always be led against the current relativt to the air or to the refrigerant which smears the battery, and this results in a higher degree of efficiency and causes that standard flange batteries can be used as evaporators or condensors.
• standard flange batteries can be used as evaporators or condensors.
• high-capacity liquid distributors to the batteries can after the expansion valve be used during the cooling, heating as well as defrosting period, which is not possible with conventional cooling-heating pump plants.
• the system will be relatively inexpensive as it includes mainly standard components or modified ones.
• FIG 1 schematically shows the construction of a cooling-heating pump plant, where cooling as well as heating requirements can exist
• Figure 2 shows a somewhat modified embodiment of the plant illustrated in figure 1.
• 10 stands for a compressor, 11 for a high-pressure line, 12 a condenser, e.g. a finned element, arranged in a heater 13 for e.g. radiator hot water.
• the outgoing line 14 from the condenser 12 is connected to the upper part of a charging container 15 for the working refrigerant.
• a line 16 starts from bottom side of the charging container and connects this container with the upper part of an operation container 17-
• a pilot valve 18 is arranged in the connection line 16 and on both sides of said valve there are two branching lines 19 and 20, which lead to a number of evaporating batteries 21 and 22 designed with a heat-absorbing as well as a heat-emitting function, at which the delivery line 19 is connected to the inlet side of the evaporators, respectively, and the return pipe 20 to the outlet side of the evaporators, respectively.
• a feeding line 23 leaves the bottom part of the operation con tainer 17, and a pressure control 35 is connected to said feeder, which also is connected to the inlet sides of the evaporators, respectively.
• a thermostatic expansion valve 25 is arranged in the feeding line 23, in close connection to the evaporators 21 and 22, respectively.
• the evaporator 22 is designed as an air-c ooled or air-heated heat exchanger, respectively, serving as a re-condenser or as an evaporator.
• the evaporator 21 forms for example the cooling battery of a freeze box, freezing chamber, freezing gondola or the like, and more than one evaporator can of course be connected to the system,
• a return line 26, leading to the suction side of the compressor 10, is connected to the outlet sides of the evaporatorbatteries 21 and 22.
• Pilot valves 27, 28, 29 and 30 are arranged in the delivery line 19 and in the return line 26, in close connection to the evaporators 21 and 22.
• non-return valves 33 and 34 closing in the direction towards said batteries.
• the cooling plant with heat production as well as heat recovery illustrated in figure 1 , is intended to be used in shops equipped with freezing gondolas or the like, where there is also a need of hot water for tapping and radiator hot water.
• the plant works in the following way.
• the compressor 10 suctions vaporized working refrigerant from the evaporator batteries and pumps this via the pipe-line 11 to the condenser 12, where part of the heat is emitted to the surrounding water in the cold water stratum (layer) of the radiator heater 13.
• the high-pressure gas, coming from the compressor 10, is condensated mainly in the condenser 12, and the high-pressure liquid is led via the line 14 to the charging container 15, which has such a large volume that it holds an essential part of the total working refrigerant.
• the charging container 15 which has such a large volume that it holds an essential part of the total working refrigerant.
• the refrigerant can be led to the return pipe 20 via the non-return valve 34.
• the further cooled high-pressure liquid is thus led to the operation container 17, from where the refrigerant is led via the feeder 23 to the. evaporation battery 21.
• the valve 27 As the valve 27 is closed, the refrigerant passes the expansion valve 25. which means that the evaporator 21 works as a heat absorber and cools the products in the freezing gondola.
• Low-pressure gas from the evaporator 21 is led through the open pilot valve 28 and back to the suction side of the compressor 10.
• the evaporator battery work as a heat absorber, at which the valve 18 is open and high-pressure liquid can pass through the charging container 15 as well as the operation container 17, the high-pressure liquid then being led via the feeder 23 from the operation container to the expansion valve 25 of the evaporator 22.
• the valve 29 is closed and the valve 30 open.
• this battery and its line-system will be emptied by closing the pilot valves 27, 29 and 30 and the control valve 18, while the pilot valve 28 is open.
• the compressor 10 will then such out all the low-pressure liquid from the system at the same time as high-pressure liquid is pumped to the charging container 15.
• the defrosting is done by opening the valve 27 and closing the valve 28, so that high-pressure liquid from the charging containeer 15 can rush into the evaporator battery 21, where the hot refrigerant during very short time will defrost the evaporator, at which cooled high-pressure liquid is led to the operation container 17 via the non-return valve 33 and the return pipe 20.
• the evaporation battery 22 works as a heat absorber, provided that the valve 29 is closed and the valve 30 is open while the condenser 12 works as a heat emitter.
• the embodiment according to figure 2 differs from the one shown in figure 1 only by the fact that said heat exchanger is connected to the system in front of each evaporator, and that the plant comprises three evaporators of which the evaporator 2k is designed as an air cooled or air-heated exchanger, while the evaporators

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
• Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 1978
  • 1978-11-17 DE DE19782857665 patent/DE2857665A1/de active Pending
  • 1978-11-17 WO PCT/SE1978/000079 patent/WO1980001102A1/en not_active Ceased
• 1980
  • 1980-06-03 EP EP19780900270 patent/EP0020332A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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