EP0022980B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication de poudre d'argent - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication de poudre d'argent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022980B1
EP0022980B1 EP80103900A EP80103900A EP0022980B1 EP 0022980 B1 EP0022980 B1 EP 0022980B1 EP 80103900 A EP80103900 A EP 80103900A EP 80103900 A EP80103900 A EP 80103900A EP 0022980 B1 EP0022980 B1 EP 0022980B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
powder
production
aqueous solution
metal oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80103900A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0022980A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Schmidberger
Albert Prof. Dr.Phil.Nat. Keil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inovan Stroebe KG
Dornier System GmbH
Original Assignee
Inovan Stroebe KG
Dornier System GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Inovan Stroebe KG, Dornier System GmbH filed Critical Inovan Stroebe KG
Publication of EP0022980A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022980A1/fr
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Publication of EP0022980B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022980B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02374—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component CdO
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
    • Y10S75/956—Producing particles containing a dispersed phase

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing silver powder, in which an oxidic phase is dispersed.
  • materials for electrical switch contacts should have a low tendency to sweat and a high erosion resistance of the contacts.
  • the tendency to sweat and the erosion resistance of silver contacts can be significantly improved by adding oxidic phases or by adding a metallic phase that is not soluble in silver (e.g. Ni).
  • B. Cadmium oxide is up to 15% by weight. Spark extinguishing behavior or resistance to erosion when the power is switched off are determined by the type and quantity and degree of distribution of the additives.
  • composite materials consisting of two components In addition to composite materials consisting of two components, composite materials consisting of three or more components are also used, e.g. Silver metal metal oxide or silver metal oxide (1) metal oxide (2).
  • Mechanical and electrical properties of an electrical contact are also determined by the crystal structure.
  • the structural parameters are in particular the grain size distribution and the porosity.
  • oxide-forming metal can be alloyed with silver. Alloy formation takes place with the exclusion of oxygen, which results in a homogeneous distribution of the oxide-forming metal in the silver. The oxide precipitates are then generated by the internal oxidation process. This process takes place e.g. application for silver and cadmium oxide materials.
  • the powder metallurgical production of heterogeneous systems is usually carried out by an intimate mixture of the individual powders with subsequent pressing and sintering.
  • the individual metal powders are manufactured e.g. by grinding in the solid state or by atomizing melts.
  • chemical and electrolytic processes for producing one-component metal powders are known.
  • the thermal decomposition of silver carbonate to fine-grained silver powder or the decomposition of nickel-cabbonyl at elevated temperature to the known carbonyl-nickel powder For example, the thermal decomposition of silver carbonate to fine-grained silver powder or the decomposition of nickel-cabbonyl at elevated temperature to the known carbonyl-nickel powder.
  • Another method is the reduction of metal compounds, e.g. is also used to extract metal from natural ores.
  • Metal powders can be produced electrolytically by a suitable choice of bath composition, bath temperature and current density as well as concentration of the electrolyte. Silver powder can be produced with high purity.
  • a common method used in the manufacture of silver-cadmium oxide composite material is that of internal oxidation.
  • the average grain size of the cadmium oxide precipitates is 5 ⁇ l m with particle sizes between 1 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the homogeneous and fine-grained cadmium oxide distribution with particle sizes ⁇ 1 Jlm desired in the interest of good spark suppression cannot be achieved with this method.
  • DE-OS 2 506 547 discloses silver-cadmium oxide powder particles with a spherical shape and about 0.9 ⁇ m in diameter, they are produced by a precipitation process and have potassium impurities.
  • a second method for the production of powdery materials is known from this literature reference, an aqueous solution of Silver nitrate and another metal nitrate is sprayed into a reaction zone at a temperature just above the decomposition temperature of the nitrates involved, ie for example at a temperature of 550 ° C. in the case of silver and cadmium nitrates.
  • the silver-metal oxide powder produced there by thermal decay is then cooled and collected in the usual way.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing silver powder which is suitable for producing electrical contacts with a low tendency to sweat, good spark suppression and good erosion behavior.
  • the process is suitable for the production of silver powders which contain cadmium oxide as a precipitate with a grain size of ⁇ 0.5pm, a common aqueous solution of silver and cadmium salts, e.g. is atomized in a hot reactor in a ratio of 9: 1 and is thermally decomposed at temperatures below the melting point of the individual components.
  • the thermal decomposition takes place in an oxidizing atmosphere (air).
  • the homogenization of the individual components of the composite material takes place very effectively in the liquid phase.
  • the solvent evaporates suddenly, leaving behind the solid constituents, in which the homogeneity of the element distribution from the liquid phase is practically retained.
  • These solid particles continue to react with the surrounding gas in the hot reactor by taking up oxygen in the corresponding metal oxide. Since there are no molten phases in the individual particles after the evaporation of the solvent, the agglomeration of individual components in the composite material takes place only through relatively slow diffusion processes. The short residence time of the particles in the hot reaction zone (a few seconds) does not allow grain growth over the range of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the process according to the invention has the advantage that no further process steps are necessary after the actual powder production. Moreover, the selection of the composite powders that can be produced is not limited by the fact that a common precipitant must be found for the components contained. The method according to the invention is therefore also very well suited for the production of more than two-component composite materials.
  • a solution of 611.52 g of silver nitrate (AgN0 3 ) and 103.67 g of cadmium nitrate (Cd (N0 3 ) 2 x 4 H 2 0) in 4 liters of water is introduced into a tubular reactor with the dimensions 0.3 m 0 using pneumatic two-substance nozzles , 1.5 m length sprayed in, the wall temperature of the reactor is 9500C. Compressed air is used as the atomizing gas. With a throughput of 10 liters of solution per hour and 10 m 3 of air per hour, 1 kg of silver powder is produced per hour. The size of the resulting silver-cadmium oxide powder particles is between approx. 1 and 5 ⁇ m. After sintering the powder, the size of the cadmium oxide precipitates in the finished molded part is 0.2-0.5 ⁇ m.
  • a mixture of 97 g of silver and 12 g of tin in a mixture of nitric acid and acetic acid is diluted to a total volume of 3.4 liters with water.
  • the solution is atomized in the reactor under the same conditions as given in Example 1 and the resulting powder particles are separated from the hot exhaust gases in a centrifugal separator.
  • the diameter of the silver-tin oxide particles is approx. 1-3 11 m, the dimensions of the tin oxide precipitates in the sintered molded part being approx. 50 nm.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Procédé de fabrication de poudre d'argent, de composition argent-oxyde métallique, pour l'utilisation sur des contacts électriques à bon effet pare-étincelles, à faible aptitude à la soudure et à faible usure, l'oxyde métallique étant un oxyde du groupe Cd, Sn, Zn, ln, Mg, Gd, Pb, Mo, Ni ou W, constitué par les étapes suivantes:
- pulvérisation d'une solution aqueuse commune de sels d'argent et métalliques dans un réacteur chaud à une température de paroi sensiblement supérieure à la température de décomposition des sels, mais inférieure aux points de fusion des divers composants, de telle sorte que le solvant s'évapore instantanément, ce qui a pour effet de produire une poudre dont les particules ont une dimension égale à 1 à 10 µm et les précipités d'oxydes métalliques une dimension inférieure à 0,5 µm.
-séparation des particules de poudre produites des gaz d'échappement chauds à l'intérieur d'un séparateur centrifuge.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que pour la fabrication de poudre Ag/ CdO, on utilise une solution aqueuse de nitrate d'argent et de nitrate de cadmium.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que pour la fabrication de poudre Ag/ Sn02, on utilise une solution aqueuse d'argent et d'étain dissous dans de l'acide nitrique et de l'acide acétique.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait que la pulvérisation s'effectue au moyen de gicleurs pneumatiques à deux constituants.
EP80103900A 1979-07-21 1980-07-09 Procédé pour la fabrication de poudre d'argent Expired EP0022980B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2929630A DE2929630C2 (de) 1979-07-21 1979-07-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silberpulver
DE2929630 1979-07-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0022980A1 EP0022980A1 (fr) 1981-01-28
EP0022980B1 true EP0022980B1 (fr) 1985-09-04

Family

ID=6076411

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80103900A Expired EP0022980B1 (fr) 1979-07-21 1980-07-09 Procédé pour la fabrication de poudre d'argent

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4396420A (fr)
EP (1) EP0022980B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5651501A (fr)
DE (1) DE2929630C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE67402T1 (de) * 1985-09-11 1991-10-15 Degussa Werkstoff fuer verblendbaren zahnersatz.
DE3715979A1 (de) * 1985-11-13 1988-12-08 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung dispersionsgehaerteter metallegierungen
DE3621398C1 (de) * 1986-06-26 1987-11-19 Dornier System Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochkonzentrierten waessrige Silber- und Zinnsalze enthaltenden Suspension
DE3622123A1 (de) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-21 Dornier System Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von verbundpulvern
EP0283536A1 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-28 INOVAN GmbH & Co. KG Metalle und Bauelemente Procédé de fabrication de plaquettes à contact en argent/Meo ayant une face soudable ou pouvant étre brasée
US4911769A (en) * 1987-03-25 1990-03-27 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Composite conductive material
DE3767487D1 (de) * 1987-07-14 1991-02-21 Inovan Stroebe Verfahren zum herstellen von silber/me0-kontaktplaettchen mit loet- oder schweissfaehiger unterseite.
DE3734178A1 (de) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-20 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter werkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte aus silber mit graphit und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP0338401B1 (fr) * 1988-04-16 1995-09-27 DODUCO GMBH + Co Dr. Eugen DÀ¼rrwächter Procédé de métallurgie des poudres pour obtenir un produit semi-fini utilisable pour des contacts électriques à partir d'un matériau composite à base d'argent et de fer
FR2639466B1 (fr) * 1988-11-22 1991-02-15 Telemecanique Procede de preparation d'un materiau de contact electrique et procede de fabrication d'un element de contact incorporant un tel materiau
US5284527A (en) * 1992-01-21 1994-02-08 United Technologies Corporation Method of making silver-metal oxide materials and electrical contacts
US5610347A (en) * 1992-06-10 1997-03-11 Doduco Gmbh & Co. Dr. Eugen Durrwachter Material for electric contacts taking silver-tin oxide or silver-zinc oxide as basis
TW256798B (fr) * 1992-10-05 1995-09-11 Du Pont
TW261554B (fr) * 1992-10-05 1995-11-01 Du Pont
US5429657A (en) * 1994-01-05 1995-07-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for making silver-palladium alloy powders by aerosol decomposition
DE19503182C1 (de) * 1995-02-01 1996-05-15 Degussa Sinterwerkstoff auf der Basis Silber-Zinnoxid für elektrische Kontakte und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US5846288A (en) * 1995-11-27 1998-12-08 Chemet Corporation Electrically conductive material and method for making
US6699304B1 (en) 1997-02-24 2004-03-02 Superior Micropowders, Llc Palladium-containing particles, method and apparatus of manufacture, palladium-containing devices made therefrom
US6338809B1 (en) * 1997-02-24 2002-01-15 Superior Micropowders Llc Aerosol method and apparatus, particulate products, and electronic devices made therefrom
US7625420B1 (en) * 1997-02-24 2009-12-01 Cabot Corporation Copper powders methods for producing powders and devices fabricated from same
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2929630C2 (de) 1983-12-15
DE2929630A1 (de) 1981-01-29
EP0022980A1 (fr) 1981-01-28
US4396420A (en) 1983-08-02
JPS5651501A (en) 1981-05-09

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