EP0028025B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Mikroflüssigkeitströpfchen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Mikroflüssigkeitströpfchen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0028025B1
EP0028025B1 EP80106544A EP80106544A EP0028025B1 EP 0028025 B1 EP0028025 B1 EP 0028025B1 EP 80106544 A EP80106544 A EP 80106544A EP 80106544 A EP80106544 A EP 80106544A EP 0028025 B1 EP0028025 B1 EP 0028025B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction space
fact
space
gas
swirl chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80106544A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0028025A1 (de
Inventor
Karl Folke Peterson
Kurt L. Skoog
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dala Invest AB
Original Assignee
Dala Invest AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE7908865A external-priority patent/SE7908865L/
Priority claimed from SE7908863A external-priority patent/SE7908863L/xx
Priority claimed from SE7908864A external-priority patent/SE7908864L/xx
Application filed by Dala Invest AB filed Critical Dala Invest AB
Priority to AT80106544T priority Critical patent/ATE3906T1/de
Publication of EP0028025A1 publication Critical patent/EP0028025A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0028025B1 publication Critical patent/EP0028025B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0466—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the central liquid flow towards the peripheral gas flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/105—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing micro-liquid droplets, in which a liquid is injected through an opening into a swirl chamber and from there is passed into a transport or reaction space, in which the liquid is acted upon by an external gas flow, the flow path of which is concentric and helical runs to the axis of the opening opening into the reaction space, and a device for carrying out such a method and the use of the method or the device for the combustion of oil.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset which permit extremely fine atomization of the liquid injected into the reaction space, even in the case of an extremely short reaction space.
  • This object is achieved procedurally in that a hollow-cone-shaped flow profile is formed in the vortex chamber, which undergoes an additional widening in the subsequent reaction space as a result of a negative pressure immediately behind the inlet opening into the reaction space.
  • the measures according to the invention achieve a spontaneous fanning out of the liquid injected into the reaction space, which results in a correspondingly fine atomization.
  • the hollow spray cone introduced into the reaction space is literally pulled apart in the radial direction by the negative pressure which forms immediately behind the inlet opening, which leads to an extremely rapid increase in surface area, which leads to the fine atomization mentioned over a very short distance.
  • the external gas flow prevents, in a manner known per se, that liquid droplets are deposited on the inner wall of the reaction space and lead to incrustations.
  • the effects according to the invention also occur when the liquid is injected into the swirl chamber with only low pressure and from there into the reaction space.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are particularly suitable for the combustion of oil. It is generally known that the smaller the droplets of the combustion liquid (oil), the faster and more complete the combustion.
  • the relationship between the process time t (combustion time) and the droplet diameter d is as follows: where c is a constant.
  • the process time t is the necessary length of stay in the reaction space, and in the invention, this length of stay can also be maintained in a very short reaction space.
  • a practically residue-free combustion can be achieved with extremely low proportions of CO, NO x and CH x .
  • the combustion can take place safely in an open space.
  • FIG. 1 comprises a swirl chamber 12, into which a nozzle 10 opens, and a reaction chamber 20, which directly adjoins the swirl chamber 12.
  • the liquid 15 emerging from the nozzle 10 is set in rotation in the swirl chamber 12 by an external gas flow 13, so that the liquid in the swirl chamber 12 assumes a hollow-cone-shaped flow profile.
  • This hollow-cone-shaped flow profile passes through an opening 22 located opposite the nozzle 10 from the swirl chamber 12 into the downstream reaction chamber 20, where it experiences a spontaneous additional expansion due to a negative pressure immediately behind the inlet opening 22 into the reaction chamber 20.
  • This fanning out is identified in FIG. 1 by the reference number 19.
  • the reaction space 20 is pot-shaped, the inlet opening 22 being arranged centrally in the end face of the reaction space 20.
  • gas inlet openings 24 are provided approximately uniformly distributed over the circumference and are inclined to the radial in order to impart a predetermined screw movement through the reaction space 20 to the gas flow 21.
  • the inner diameter of the pot-shaped reaction space 20 can be dimensioned such that the outer gas flow 21 practically no longer acts on the inner surface of the side wall 28. This eliminates the risk of deposits of liquid droplets 19 or their reaction products on the inner surface of the side wall 28. Such deposits would lead to a change in the flow conditions and would require cleaning of the reaction space 20 after a certain period of operation.
  • gas inlet tubes 30 projecting beyond the inner surface of the side wall 28 are inserted into the openings 24 (FIG. 1).
  • the tubes 30 are slidably inserted within the openings 24 so that the length of the part projecting beyond the inner surface of the side wall 28 can be changed.
  • the easiest way to solve this problem is to screw the tubes 30 into the openings 24.
  • a distributor body 32 is arranged at a distance in front of the inlet opening 22, the side of the distributor body facing the opening 22 being flat.
  • the plane of the distributor body 32 facing the opening 22 can also have a convex or conical shape.
  • the distributor body 32 thus favors rapid mixing of the droplets with the gas flow 21, the degree of mixing being able to be set by the shape of the distributor body 32.
  • the distance between the distributor body 32 and the opening 22 also has an influence on the degree of mixing or fanning out of the liquid droplets introduced into the reaction space.
  • the distributor body 32 is therefore preferably mounted so that it can be moved back and forth in the direction of the longitudinal axis 9 of the reaction space 20. Good results can be achieved if the distributor body 32 lies in a plane between the inlet opening 22 and the plane defined by the gas inlet tubes 30 close to the same.
  • the distributor body 32 promotes, in particular, the uniform distribution of the introduced droplets 19 over the cross section of the reaction space 20.
  • the distributor body 32 thus prevents local droplet accumulations, so that uniform mixing into the gas stream 21 is achieved.
  • the distributor body 32 is attached to a rigid wire.
  • other fastening options are also conceivable, but care must be taken that the fastening means do not adversely affect the flow, in particular the swirl movement of the gas-droplet flow in the reaction space 20.
  • an ignition device 36 is preferably provided in the area of the droplet inlet opening 22 in order to burn the liquid droplets, e.g. B. oil droplets to start.
  • the swirl movement of the gas flow 13 in the swirl chamber 12 is obtained by gas guide means 16 arranged on the outer periphery of the nozzle 10 obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, whereby as Gas guide means baffles or swirl grooves arranged on the outer circumference of the nozzle 10 can serve.
  • the vortex chamber 12 is frustoconical, the smaller end face being formed through the inlet opening 22 into the reaction space 20.
  • the unit according to FIG. 1 is used as an oil burner and is identified by the reference number 41.
  • the burner 41 is attached to the upper end of an upright heat exchanger 42, the reaction space 20 projecting slightly into an exhaust gas space 43.
  • the reaction chamber 20 serves as the combustion chamber, the flame 44 knocking somewhat out of the combustion chamber 20.
  • the hot combustion gases are passed through the exhaust gas space 43 in accordance with the arrows 45, a tubular radiation body 34 being arranged concentrically on the inside of the exhaust gas space 43 away from the burner.
  • the outer diameter of the tubular radiation body 34 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the exhaust gas space 43, which is also tubular in the embodiment shown.
  • Both the radiation body 34 and the wall of the exhaust gas space 43 are preferably made of heat-resistant metal (steel) and have a dark, preferably black color, so that they serve as ideal radiation bodies.
  • the additional radiation body 34 and the exhaust pipe delimiting the exhaust gas space 43 promote the heat exchange between the hot combustion gases and the environment, in the present case a heat exchange medium 38 which is guided past the exhaust pipe.
  • Heat is exchanged by convection between the hot combustion gases and the exhaust pipe and in particular the black radiation body 34.
  • the heat absorbed by the exhaust pipe and / or radiation body 34 is emitted again by radiation to the environment or to the heat exchange medium 38 and transported through this to another location.
  • black radiation bodies which are flushed by the hot combustion gases, can also be arranged behind the outlet of the exhaust pipe or in the gas guide channels 46 extending through the heat exchanger 42.
  • the shape of the radiation body can e.g. B. be egg-shaped.
  • tubular radiation bodies can also be used again. Care must, of course, be taken to ensure that the arrangement of the radiation bodies in the gas guide channels does not cause excessive pressure drops.
  • the black radiation bodies are made of metal, preferably of heat-resistant, stainless steel. But they can just as well be made of ceramic or stone. The material depends on the gas flowing around the radiation body or the chemical and / or physical reactions taking place in the reaction space 20.
  • the radiation bodies are arranged relatively far from the combustion flame, the flame temperature and thus the combustion are not influenced by the radiation bodies.
  • the radiation bodies are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the flame or the reaction site, the radiation bodies, which are heat to the outside, ie. H. dissipate to the environment, achieved a cooling effect that z. B. results in the reaction speed being reduced or a reaction not taking place at all (e.g. cracking processes).
  • the radiation bodies are also particularly suitable for the controlled afterburning of exhaust gases in an exhaust duct.
  • the radiation bodies are arranged in the exhaust duct at a suitable distance from the combustion flame and heated from the outside by heat radiation. The heat then emitted from the radiation body by convection to the exhaust gases causes the exhaust gases to re-ignite, so that complete combustion is achieved before the exhaust gases exit to the outside.
  • the described invention is particularly suitable for an oil burner. Therefore, the conditions in an oil burner and the advantages achieved by the solution according to the invention are discussed in detail again below.
  • equation (2) is limited to the case in which there is no influence of a relative movement between the droplet and the environment.
  • the third condition can also be met very simply by preheating the oil to be burned.
  • the formation of a negative pressure according to the invention immediately behind the liquid inlet opening 22 and screw movement of the liquid droplets through the reaction chamber achieves a sufficient residence time for the droplets in the reaction chamber 20 for complete combustion (0, 01 s), although the reaction space 20 is very short.
  • the short construction of the reaction space 20 has the additional advantage that heat radiation losses in the area of the reaction space are correspondingly low.
  • Nitrogen oxides are particularly dangerous for animals and humans. For this reason, laws in many countries require that the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gases must not exceed a certain value. In Germany, the nitrogen oxide concentration in oil burners (fueled with heavy oil) must not exceed 500 ppm in the exhaust gas.
  • oil burners When using the unit of FIG. 1 as Due to the small design (extremely short reaction space 20), oil burners have a correspondingly short dwell time for the combustion gases. Furthermore, the burning time is reduced to a minimum even due to the extremely small liquid or oil droplets.
  • the residence time of the droplets and exhaust gases in the unit according to FIG. 1 is approximately 0.07 seconds.
  • approximately 20 ppm NO are formed when the unit according to FIG. 1 is used as an oil burner. With this short dwell time, it hardly matters if the combustion air is preheated. As has been explained above, preheating the combustion air improves the combustion itself or the combustion intensity.
  • Fig. 4 the NOx values of an oil burner designed according to the invention are shown again schematically compared to conventional oil burners, depending on the oil flow rate (1 / h) and the oxygen content during combustion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP80106544A 1979-10-25 1980-10-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Mikroflüssigkeitströpfchen Expired EP0028025B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80106544T ATE3906T1 (de) 1979-10-25 1980-10-24 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von mikrofluessigkeitstroepfchen.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7908863 1979-10-25
SE7908864 1979-10-25
SE7908865A SE7908865L (sv) 1979-10-25 1979-10-25 Sett for transport av droppar
SE7908863A SE7908863L (sv) 1979-10-25 1979-10-25 Stralningskropp
SE7908864A SE7908864L (sv) 1979-10-25 1979-10-25 Sett for fordelning av vetska till droppar
SE7908865 1979-10-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0028025A1 EP0028025A1 (de) 1981-05-06
EP0028025B1 true EP0028025B1 (de) 1983-06-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80106544A Expired EP0028025B1 (de) 1979-10-25 1980-10-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Mikroflüssigkeitströpfchen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4473185A (da)
EP (1) EP0028025B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS56501380A (da)
CA (1) CA1159356A (da)
DE (1) DE3063914D1 (da)
DK (1) DK150395C (da)
FI (1) FI69696C (da)
NO (1) NO812067L (da)
WO (1) WO1981001186A1 (da)

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SU525837A1 (ru) * 1974-10-14 1976-08-25 Предприятие П/Я В-2453 Газомазутна горелка
GB1497832A (en) * 1975-04-11 1978-01-12 Howe Baker Eng Fuel atomizing device
US4105163A (en) * 1976-10-27 1978-08-08 General Electric Company Fuel nozzle for gas turbines
US4120640A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-10-17 Infern-O-Therm Corporation Burner for liquid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1159356A (en) 1983-12-27
NO812067L (no) 1981-06-18
DK150395C (da) 1987-09-28
FI69696B (fi) 1985-11-29
EP0028025A1 (de) 1981-05-06
WO1981001186A1 (fr) 1981-04-30
DK199781A (da) 1981-05-05
US4473185A (en) 1984-09-25
JPS56501380A (da) 1981-09-24
DE3063914D1 (en) 1983-07-28
FI69696C (fi) 1986-03-10
FI811693L (fi) 1981-06-01
DK150395B (da) 1987-02-16

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