EP0028836B1 - Disposition d'antenne radar à balayage azimuthal et détermination du site - Google Patents

Disposition d'antenne radar à balayage azimuthal et détermination du site Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0028836B1
EP0028836B1 EP80106933A EP80106933A EP0028836B1 EP 0028836 B1 EP0028836 B1 EP 0028836B1 EP 80106933 A EP80106933 A EP 80106933A EP 80106933 A EP80106933 A EP 80106933A EP 0028836 B1 EP0028836 B1 EP 0028836B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiators
antenna arrangement
row
primary
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80106933A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0028836A1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Dipl.-Ing. Brunner
Erwin Dipl.-Ing. Kress
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0028836A1 publication Critical patent/EP0028836A1/fr
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/138—Parallel-plate feeds, e.g. pill-box, cheese aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for a radar search method for target location with height detection, in which, for level comparison, several superimposed, overlapping radiation lobes are generated by means of a reflector rotating about a vertical axis together with an essentially vertically arranged row of primary radiators.
  • Ordinary search radar antennas only provide the azimuthal position of the target, but not its elevation angle. With increasing flight density and for a more precise instruction of target tracking systems, however, the additional information about the flight altitude of the target or about the elevation angle of this target is of ever increasing importance.
  • Circular search antennas are usually constructed as reflector antennas with a double-curved reflector.
  • the expansion of such an antenna type for height determination by additional primary emitters is practically impossible because of the vertical reflector curvature, which results in phase errors that are too great when the necessary deflection is required.
  • the electronically phase-controlled beam swiveling is preferred.
  • the disadvantage of such arrangements is that the scanning must take place relatively quickly because of the additional horizontal search movement and thus does not reach the dwell time on the target that is necessary for reliably determining the target position.
  • Circular search radar antennas are also possible, in which both the horizontal and the vertical beam movement take place by means of a phase-controlled individual antenna group. However, this represents an extremely high effort, which is not appropriate for very many tasks.
  • a better possibility for the simultaneous detection of azimuth, distance and elevation of a target is obtained by using a plurality of receiving lobes lying on top of one another and overlapping in the vertical diagram, the elevation angles of the lobe intersection points being known and the angular distance from which these intersection points can be determined by comparing the levels of the two lobe echoes concerned . It is known to use the same antenna with a single parabolic reflector as well as several primary radiators which illuminate it completely or partially from different angular positions in the case of reception and transmission, so that differently inclined and differently wide lobes are generated.
  • a section of a paraboloid of revolution is usually used as the reflector and a vertical row of primary emitters (stacked beam) is arranged around the focal point of the reflector, so that the desired overlapping, somewhat overlapping radiation lobes are created.
  • the exciters of which are further away from the focal point of the reflector however, the gain decreases and the side lobes increase, which limits the available elevation angle range.
  • the transmission antenna if it is not realized by an additional reflector antenna, must be implemented by interconnecting the individual primary radiators in the case of transmission with separate reception evaluation. Such an interconnection of primary radiators, however, leads to an elaborate switching matrix and to splaying up of the transmitting antenna diagram.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an antenna arrangement for a radar search method for target location with height detection, which does not require the technical effort required for phase-controlled antennas and yet works satisfactorily over a relatively large elevation angle range with regard to its gain and its side lobe behavior.
  • the reflector is designed as a cylinder parabolic reflector which produces beam focusing only in the horizontal plane, along the focal line of which the primary radiator row is arranged, that in its horizontal expansion of relatively narrow individual radiators of the primary radiator array are inclined in the vertical plane so that the desired main beam direction of the superimposed individual lobes produced by them is created in the vertical diagram, and that the individual radiators of the primary radiator array are dimensioned in such a way that their vertical extension A desired bundling of the individual lobes lying one above the other is created.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention thus has the advantage that a cylinder pair rabol reflector is relatively easy to manufacture.
  • the number of individual emitters in the primary emitter row depends on the accuracy of the desired elevation angle finding and the elevation angle range to be covered.
  • the individual radiators of the primary radiator series can advantageously be designed as flat parabolic antennas (cheese box antennas, pillbox antennas), which consist of metal plates running parallel to one another, which are closed off by a cylindrical parabolic strip and which are fed by a small horn radiator in the focal line of the parabolic strip will.
  • flat parabolic antennas consist of metal plates running parallel to one another, which are closed off by a cylindrical parabolic strip and which are fed by a small horn radiator in the focal line of the parabolic strip will.
  • a single pillbox flat parabolic antenna with a corresponding opening width is known per se; S. Silver: Microwave Antenna Theory and Design, McGraw-Hill 1949, Fig. 13, 28.
  • the flat parabolic antennas can be constructed symmetrically or asymmetrically (offset feed).
  • flat horns with or without lenses can be used.
  • An improvement in the azimuthal focusing can be achieved if the flat parabolic antennas that are more or less inclined relative to the focal line of the cylindrical parabolic reflector are extended on the side of their opening in such a way that the aperture planes contain the focal line of the cylindrical parabolic reflector.
  • This is only possible for the mostly used horizontal polarization. Phase errors would occur for other polarizations.
  • the arrangement of the primary radiator row in front of the cylindrical parabolic reflector can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical (off-set) in front of the cylindrical parabolic reflector.
  • the advantage of the asymmetrical arrangement is that the row of primary emitters lies outside the beam path after reflection and therefore does not cause any aperture coverage.
  • the outputs of the individual radiators of the primary radiator series are either connected simultaneously to one receiver at a time or successively to a total of one receiver, or two adjacent radiators are connected to two receivers in succession.
  • the emitter with the largest received signal level roughly indicates the elevation angle range of the target during a simple evaluation.
  • a monopulse evaluation that is a quantitative level comparison of the reception signals of adjacent radiators, an accuracy of 1/5 and 1 / 10th of the single lobed half-value width can be obtained.
  • the transmission power is expediently emitted by an additional radiator, which also shares the cylinder parabolic reflector. This can be done through a Kosekan 2 chart, as is common for a constant detection height. If only the individual radiators described above are used in the reception case, the vertical transmission antenna diagram can have a greater drop in energy than according to the Kosekans z law.
  • the transmitting antenna can also be used for receiving independently of the other receiving radiators.
  • the ready Kosekan's z- lobe then provides a permanent target connection during the scanning process of the single-lobe radiator.
  • the additional use of the transmitting antenna as a receiving radiator is no longer useful if each of the actual receiving radiators is connected to its own receiver.
  • the supply line to the individual receivers is problem-free if the high-frequency parts of the same rotate with the antenna arrangement. If this is not the case, then a multiple rotary coupling is expediently used, the number of channels of which depends on the number of individual receivers.
  • the number of individual radiators is reduced to the number of receivers by means of a switch device which is expediently arranged above the rotary coupling.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention shown schematically in a side view in FIG. 1, consists of a cylindrical parabolic reflector 1, which generates beam focusing only in the horizontal plane.
  • a cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 which generates beam focusing only in the horizontal plane.
  • narrow individual radiators 2 to 6 are arranged with respect to their horizontal extension, the vertical extension of which is so large that a desired bundling of the individual lobes lying one above the other arises.
  • the main radiation directions generated by the individual radiators 2 to 6 acting as receiving radiators are denoted by 7 to 11.
  • the radiators 2 to 6 are designed as flat parabolic antennas and consist of metal plates running parallel to each other, which are closed with a cylindrical parabolic strip, for example 12 for radiator 2, and a small horn radiator, for example 13 for reception radiator 2, are fed at the focal point of the parabolic strip via lines 14 to 18.
  • the flat parabolic antennas 2 to 6 are inclined in the vertical plane so that the desired vertical main beam direction 7 to 11 is created.
  • the leads 14 to 18 of the individual radiators 2 to 6 are guided to a switch device 19. By means of this switch device 19, two adjacent individual radiators can be connected to two receivers 20 and 21 one after the other.
  • the transmission power is emitted by an additional single radiator 22, which is also designed as a flat parabolic antenna and also uses the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1.
  • This single radiator 22 generates a broad vertical radiation diagram, for example a Kosekans 2 diagram, which is indicated by the two directional arrows 23 and 24.
  • the supply line to the single radiator 22 is designated 25. If only the individual radiators 2 to 6 are used in the reception case, the transmission antenna diagram can have a greater energy drop than according to the Kosekans 2 law.
  • the single radiator 22 can also be used for reception independently of the receiving radiators 2 to 6. Due to the wide antenna lobe in the vertical plane, which is generated by the single radiator 22, the individual radiators 2 to 6 are still given a permanent target connection during the scanning process by means of the switch device 19.
  • a multiple rotary coupling 28 is provided, the number of channels of which depends on the number of receivers.
  • the transmitter 26 and the additional receiver 27 are switched on separately via a duplexer switch 29 to the feed line 25.
  • swapping the emitters e.g. the transmitting antenna 22 between the receiving radiators 2 to 6 be cheaper.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 and the individual radiators 2 to 6 and 22 of the antenna arrangement according to FIG. 1.
  • the flat parabolic antennas 2 to 6 and 22 which are inclined relative to the focal line of the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 are extended on the side of their opening in such a way that the aperture planes contain the focal line of the reflector 1.
  • the extension pieces are shown hatched and labeled 30 to 34. This measure improves the azimuthal focus.
  • the aperture level and the focal line of the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 are included, so that no extension is necessary.
  • 3 and 4 show the position of the primary radiator row with the individual radiators 2 to 6 and 22 with respect to the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 with a symmetrical antenna structure in a perspective view and in a view from above.
  • FIG 5 and 6 show the position of the primary radiator row consisting of the individual radiators 2 to 6 and 22 in relation to the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 with an asymmetrical antenna structure, likewise in a perspective view and in a view from above.
  • the advantage of the asymmetrical arrangement, i. H. the so-called off-set supply is that the primary radiator row with the individual radiators 2 to 6 and 22 lies outside the beam path after the reflection at the reflector 1 and thus does not cause an aperture coverage with higher secondary lobes.
  • FIG. 7 shows in a diagram the reception level E of the five individual reception radiators 2 to 6 of the primary radiator row as a function of the respective elevation angle a.
  • the transmission and possibly reception level 22 of the single radiator is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 7, which generates a Kosekans 2 diagram in the vertical plane. Due to the overlap of the main lobes of adjacent radiators 2 to 6, the radiator with the highest received signal roughly indicates the elevation angle of the target during a simple evaluation. With a monopulse evaluation, ie with a quantitative level comparison of the received signals of two adjacent emitters, for example emitters 3 and 4 with the level values P 3 and P., a considerably greater accuracy is achieved when evaluating the elevation angle a of the detected target. The magnitude of the accuracy is approximately V s to V io of the single lobe half-width.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (16)

1. Dispositif d'antenne utilisable pour une procédure de surveillance panoramique par radar permettant la localisation de cibles avec détermination de l'altitude, dans lequel, en vue de la comparaison de niveaux, plusieurs lobes de rayonnement superposés en recouvrement réciproque sont produits au moyen d'un réflecteur tournant autour d'un axe vertical en même temps qu'une série d'éléments rayonnants primaires disposés sensiblement verticalement, caractérisé par le fait que le réflecteur est réalisé sous la forme d'un réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1) réalisant une focalisation du rayonnement uniquement dans le plan horizontal et le long de l'axe focal duquel se trouve disposée la série des éléments rayonnants primaires, que les différents éléments rayonnants (2 à 6), réalisés relativement étroits suivant leur étendue horizontale, de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires sont inclinés dans le plan vertical de sorte que l'on obtient respectivement la direction de rayonnement principale désirée des lobes individuels superposés produits par les éléments rayonnants, dans le diagramme vertical (figure 7) et que les différents éléments rayonnants (2 à 6) de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires sont dimensionnés, dans leur étendue verticale, de manière à fournir une concentration désirée des lobes de rayonnement superposés.
2. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments rayonnants individuels (2 à 6) de la série des éléments rayonnants primaires sont ce qu'on appelle des antennes paraboliques planes qui sont plus ou moins inclinées par rapport à l'axe focal du réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1) et sont constituées par deux plaques métalliques parallèles entre elles qui sont fermées par une bande métallique en forme de cylindre parabolique (12), sur l'axe focal de laquelle est disposé un radiateur cornet (13) (antenne Cheese-Box, antenne Pillbox), l'alimentation pouvant être réalisée de façon symétrique ou dissymétrique.
3. Dispositif d'antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que les antennes paraboliques planes (2 à 6) inclinées par rapport à l'axe focal du réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1) sont prolongées sur le côté de leur ouverture (30 à 33) de telle sorte que les plans de leurs ouvertures contiennent l'axe focal du réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1).
4. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les différents éléments rayonnants de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires sont des radiateurs en cornet plats.
5. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que des lentilles sont disposées en avant des radiateurs en cornet.
6. Dispositif d'antenne suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires (2 à 6) est disposée symétriquement en avant du réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1) (figures 3 et 4).
7. Dispositif d'antenne suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la série des éléments rayonnants primaires (2 à 6) est disposée de façon dissymétrique (de façon décalée) en avant du réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1) (figures 5 et 6).
8. Dispositif d'antenne suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les différents éléments rayonnants de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires sont simultanément raccordés à des récepteurs respectifs.
9. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les différents éléments rayonnants de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires sont reliés successivement dans le temps à un seul récepteur, au moyen d'un dispositif de commutation.
10. Dispositif d'antenne suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que respectivement deux éléments rayonnants individuels voisins (2 à 6) de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires successivement reliés à deux récepteurs (1, 21) au moyen d'un dispositif de commutation (19).
11. Dispositif d'antenne suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que pour l'envoi de la puissance d'émission il est prévu un élément rayonnant primaire (22) chargeant en rayonnement le réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1).
12. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément rayonnant primaire supplémentaire (22) est agencé et est disposé en avant du réflecteur en forme de cylindre parabolique (1) de manière à obtenir un diagramme vertical d'antenne d'émission au moins approximativement sous la forme d'un diagramme en cosec 2.
13. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 12, en dehors du cas où, conformément à la revendication 8, les différents éléments rayonnants de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires sont raccordés à des éléments respectifs, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément rayonnant primaire supplémentaire (22) est également utilisé pour la réception.
14. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément rayonnant supplémentaire (22) est également réalisé sous la forme d'une antenne parabolique plane et est située dans la série des éléments rayonnants primaires.
15. Dispositif d'antenne suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que dans le cas d'un émetteur (26) fixe du point de vue mécanique et de récepteurs (20, 21, 27) fixes du point de vue mécanique, l'alimentation des éléments rayonnants primaires est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de couplage rotatif multiple (28).
16. Dispositif d'antenne suivant la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que dans le cas où il est prévu moins de récepteurs (20, 21) que d'éléments rayonnants individuels (2 à 6) de la série d'éléments rayonnants primaires, un dispositif de commutation (19) servant à relier successivement les différents éléments rayonnants (2 à 6) aux récepteurs (20, 21) est disposé au-dessus du dispositif d'accouplement rotatif (28).
EP80106933A 1979-11-13 1980-11-10 Disposition d'antenne radar à balayage azimuthal et détermination du site Expired EP0028836B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792945789 DE2945789A1 (de) 1979-11-13 1979-11-13 Antennenanordnung fuer ein radarrundsuchverfahren zur zielortung mit hoehenerfassung
DE2945789 1979-11-13

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EP0028836A1 EP0028836A1 (fr) 1981-05-20
EP0028836B1 true EP0028836B1 (fr) 1984-10-24

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DE (1) DE2945789A1 (fr)

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DE2945789A1 (de) 1981-05-21
US4353073A (en) 1982-10-05
EP0028836A1 (fr) 1981-05-20

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