EP0029729B1 - Behälterverschluss mit Dichtungseinlage - Google Patents
Behälterverschluss mit Dichtungseinlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0029729B1 EP0029729B1 EP19800304206 EP80304206A EP0029729B1 EP 0029729 B1 EP0029729 B1 EP 0029729B1 EP 19800304206 EP19800304206 EP 19800304206 EP 80304206 A EP80304206 A EP 80304206A EP 0029729 B1 EP0029729 B1 EP 0029729B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- annular protrusion
- container
- liner
- closure according
- closure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D53/00—Sealing or packing elements; Sealings formed by liquid or plastics material
- B65D53/04—Discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
- B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
- B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
- B65D41/0435—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with separate sealing elements
Definitions
- This invention relates to a container closure, and more specifically, to a container closure of the type comprising a shell having a circular top panel and a substantially cylindrical skirt extending downwardly from the peripheral edge of the circular top panel, and a plastic liner disposed in the inside of the top panel of the shell.
- U.S. Patent No. 4114775 discloses that in order to provide improved sealing properties for an opening portion of a container, a liner having an outside annular protrusion including an inner circumferential surface to be brought into close contact with the peripheral surface of the opening end of a container to be sealed, and an inside annular protrusion including a peripheral surface to be brought into close contact with the inner circumferential edge of the opening end is molded in the inside of a top panel of a shell.
- the container closure including a liner of such a form has improved sealing properties over container closures having a liner of the previously proposed forms, as can be understood from a working example given in the above-cited U.S. Patent. Experiments of the present inventors, however, have shown that the sealing properties of a container closure having a liner of the aforesaid form are reduced when it experiences impact, and it is the object of this invention to reduce this difficulty.
- a container closure including a shell having a circular top panel and a substantially cylindrical skirt extending downwardly from the peripheral edge of the circular top panel and a plastic liner disposed in the inside of the top panel of the shell, said liner having at least two concentrically arranged annular protrusions with a first, outwardly located, annular protrusion having an inner circumferential surface to be brought into close contact with the peripheral surface of an open end of a container to be sealed, and the second annular protrusion being radially inward of the first annular protrusion, characterised in that the second annular protrusion is disposed such that it faces the top surface of the open end of the container, and is adapted to make initial close contact with the top surface of the open end of the container between the inner and outer edges of such top surface.
- the invention is based on the discovery that sufficient sealing properties can be maintained in a closure container under impact forces if the liner has a first annular protrusion including an inner circumferential surface to be brought into close contact with the peripheral surface of an open end of the container to be closed, and if it also has a second annular protrusion, inward of the first, and facing the top surface of the open end of the container, so as to contact this top surface, rather than either of its edges.
- the protruding height H 2 of the second annular protrusion is larger than the protruding height H, of the first annular protrusion.
- the container closure generally shown at 2 is constructed of a shell 4 having a circular top panel 6 and a substantially cylindrical skirt 8 extending from the peripheral edge of the top panel 6 and a plastic liner 10 disposed in the inside of the top panel 6'of the shell 4.
- the shell 4 can be produced from an easily deformable metallic blank by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- Aluminum-base alloy plates, tin plates, and chromium-treated steel plates can be cited as suitable metallic blanks.
- the aluminum-base alloy plates are especially preferred.
- the plastic liner 10 can be formed by molding a synthetic resin, for example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride by methods known per se (for example, the methods disclosed in Japanese Patent Publications Nos. 13156/65, 5588/66, 5706/73 and 19886/73, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 105689/74, and U.S. Patents Nos. 3135019, 3212131 and 3278985).
- the illustrated liner 10 improved in accordance with this invention has concentrically arranged two annular protrusions 12 and 14.
- the annular protrusion 12 which is located outward may be of any desired shape so long as it has an inner circumferential surface 12a which is to be brought into close contact with the peripheral surface of an opening end of a container when the closure 2 is tightly fitted over the opening portion of the container to be sealed, as will be described hereinbelow.
- the first annular protrusion 12 is provided substantially perpendicular to the top panel 6 of the shell 4 spaced some distance from the inner surface of the skirt 8 of the shell 4, and both of its inner circumferential surface 12a and peripheral surface 12b are substantially perpendicular to the top panel 6 of the shell 4.
- the end 12c of the inner circumferential surface 12a is inclined radially outwardly in view of the ease of engagement with the opening end of a container, especially in such a manner that it forms a curved surface having a suitable curvature.
- the base portion 12d of the inner circumferential surface 12a is inclined radially inwardly to form a thick bottom portion for the purpose of reinforcing the first annular protrusion 12 and for facilitating molding.
- the peripheral surface 12b of a first annular protrusion 12 can be contacted with the inner surface of the skirt 8 of the shell, as illustrated in Figure 3.
- the second annular protrusion 14 which is located inwardly is disposed such that it faces the top surface of the opening end of a container to be sealed, and as illustrated hereinbelow, it is adapted to be brought into close contact with the top surface of the opening end of the container when the closure 2 is tightly mounted on the opening portion of the container to be sealed.
- the second annular protrusion 14 projects further downwardly beyond the forward end of the first annular protrusion 12, and the protruding height H 2 of the second annular protrusion 14 is larger than the protruding height H, of the first annular protrusion 12.
- the second annular protrusion 14 preferably has a shape illustrated clearly in Figure 2, i.e. a shape which meets the following requirements (a) and (b).
- the dimensions of the various parts of the liner 10 of the above-described form can be properly set on the basis of the dimensions of the various parts of the opening end of a container to be sealed. Referring to Figure 4 also, suitable examples of the dimensions of the various parts of the liner 10 with regard to the outside diameter D i and the inside diameter D 2 of the opening end of the container are shown in Table 1.
- the liner 10 is elastically deformed into a shape which causes reduction or disappearance of the space 25, and by this elastic deformation, at least a part of the impact is absorbed, thereby making it possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of cracks or the like in the liner 10 which is due to the impact.
- the protruding height H 2 of the second annular protrusion 14 needs not always to be larger than the protruding height H i of the first annular protrusion 12, and may be equal to, or smaller than, the protruding height H, of the first annular protrusion 12. But when the protruding height H 2 of the second annular protrusion 14 is made larger than the protruding height H, of the first annular protrusion as in 12 as in the illustrated embodiment, the following advantages can be obtained.
- the top panel 4 of the closure 2 is deformed upwardly in convex form by the pressure generated within the container as shown exaggeratedly by the two-dot chain line in Figure 5.
- the pressure of close contact between the second annular protrusion 14 and the top surface 24b of the opening end 24 is reduced, and the sealing properties of the closure are likely to be destroyed.
- Figure 6 shows a modified example of the liner improved in accordance with this invention.
- the liner 110 shown in Figure 6 includes a first annular protrusion 112 similar to the first annular protrusion 12 and a second annular protrusion 114 similar to the annular protrusion 14, and a third annular protrusion 126 located inwardly of the second annular protrusion 114.
- the third annular protrusion 126 has a peripheral surface 126a which is located opposite to an inner circumferential surface 124c of an opening end 124 of a container to be sealed or to an inner circumferential edge 124d of the top surface thereof.
- the third annular protrusion 126 When the container closure 102 is fully pushed against the opening portion 118 of the container and mounted tightly as desired, the third annular protrusion 126 is deformed elastically as illustrated in Figure 8, and moves away from the opening end 124 of the container. It is of course possible to provide the third annular protrusion 126 such that when the container closure 102 is mounted tightly on the opening portion 118 of the container as desired, the peripheral surface 126a of the third annular protrusion 126 is brought into close contact with the inner circumferential surface 124c of the opening end 124 of the container or with the inner circumferential edge 124d of the top surface thereof.
- a part of the pressure of contact between the liner 110 and the opening end 124 of the container takes part in the close contact of the peripheral surface 126a of the third annular protrusion 126 with the inner circumferential surface 124a of the opening end 124 or the inner circumferential edge 124d of the top surface.
- the pressure of close contact between the inner circumferential surface 112a of the first annular protrusion 112 and the peripheral surface 124a of the opening end 124 and the pressure of close contact of the second annular protrusion 114 to the top surface 124b of the opening end 124 are decreased correspondingly. This may tend to reduce the sealing properties of the container closure 102 slightly when impact is exerted on it.
- Figures 9 and 10 show a modified example of a liner improved in accordance with this invention which results from modifying of the liner 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the following manner.
- the peripheral surface 12b of the first annular protrusion 12 of the liner 10 may be contacted with the inner surface of the skirt 8 of the shell 4. But in order to minimize the total volume of the liner and the amount of plastic material required for molding of the liner, it is desirable that as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the peripheral surface 12b of the first annular protrusion 12 in the liner 10 should be spaced away from the inner surface of the skirt 8 of the shell 4 radially inwardly to leave a space between the peripheral surface 12b and the inner surface of the skirt 8. Experiments of the present inventors have shown however that this structure tends to pose the following problem.
- the liner 210 has concentrically arranged first and second annular protrusions 212 and 214 as in the liner shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the peripheral surface 2.12b of the first annular protrusion 212 is spaced radially inwardly from the inner surface of the rising part of skirt 208 of shell 202 leaving a space between them.
- the distance x i in the radial direction between the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212 and the inner surface of the rising part of the skirt 208 is generally about 0.50 mm to about 5.00 mm, preferably about 0.70 mm to about 3.50 mm.
- a thin bulging bottom portion 217 which extends radially outwardly from a base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212 is provided in the liner 210.
- the thin bulging bottom portion 217 in the illustrated embodiment extends radially outwardly over the entire periphery from the base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212, and therefore, the general shape of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 is extending continuously in the circumferential direction.
- the strength of bonding of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 to the inside of the top panel 206 of the shell 204 fully prevents the peeling phenomenon of the outside edge portion of the liner 210 which is presumed to be due to the residual stress that acts concentratingly on the first and second annular protrusions 212 and 214 of the liner 210 as stated hereinabove.
- the bulging bottom portion projecting radially from the base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212 of the liner 210 should be the thin bulging bottom portion 217.
- the thin bulging bottom portion 217 gradually decreases in thickness radially outwardly, and the thickness t max of the radial inward end (having a maximum thickness) of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 following the base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212 is 0.10 to 1.00 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.40 mm.
- the surface (the under surface in Figures 9 and 10) of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 is defined by a curved surface having a suitable curvature conforming to the inside of the top panel 206 of the shell 204 at the protruding end of the thin bulging bottom portion 217, and the thickness of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 gradually decreases from the maximum thickness t max at the radial inward end thereof as it extends radially outwardly.
- the bulging length of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 i.e., the radial bulging length x 2 of the bottom portion 217 from the base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212 is preferably smaller than the distance x, in the radial direction between the base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the fist annular protrusion 212 and the inside surface of the rising part of the skirt 208 (x 1 is preferably 0.50 to 5.00 mm, especially 0.70 to 3.50 mm, as stated hereinabove), and is about 0.10 to 3.00 mm, especially about 0.20 to about 1.00 mm.
- Figure 11 shows a modified example of the thin bulging bottom portion 217.
- the surface of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 of the liner 210 i.e., the under surface in Figure 11
- the surface of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 of the liner 210 is defined not by a curved surface but by a flat surface extending inclinedly and radially outwardly from the base portion of the peripheral surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 212 toward the inside of the top panel 206 of the shell 204 and conforming to the inside of the top panel 206 of the shell 204 at the bulging end of the thin bulging bottom portion 217, and the thickness of the thin bulging bottom portion 217 is gradually decreased from the maximum thickness t max at the radial inside end of the bottom portion 217 as it extends radially outwardly.
- Figure 12 shows still another modified example of the thin bulging bottom portion 217.
- the thin bulging bottom portion 217 of the liner 210 is composed of a plurality of sections extending radially outwardly from the base portion of the outer circumferential surface 212b of the first annular protrusion 210 at a plurality of positions spaced from each other in the circumferential direction.
- each of the sections constituting the thin bulging bottom portion 217 is gradually decreased in thickness not only radially outwardly but also toward both sides in the circumferential direction.
- the width in the circumferential direction of each of the sections constituting the thin bulging bottom portion 217 can also be progressively decreased radially outwardly, as shown in Figure 12.
- Example 1 For comparison, a container closure having the same specification as in Example 1 was produced in the same way as above except that the form of the liner was as illustrated in Figure 4 of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 65184/78 cited hereinabove (Comparative Example).
- Each of the container closures of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example was mounted on an opening portion of a container in which the opening end had an outside diameter D i of 24.1 mm and an inside diameter D 2 of 19.3 mm, and the sealed containers were subjected to an impact test as shown below.
- the container was then allowed to fall spontaneously onto a mass of steel having a top surface with an inclination angle 0 of 10° which was disposed at the bottom of the cylinder.
- the containers so subjected to impact were then allowed to stand upright at room temperature for one week. Then, the pressure inside the container was measured. When the pressure was decreased to 3.7 volumes or less than that from the original pressure of 4 volumes, it was assumed that leakage occurred in the container.
- a container closure was produced in the same way as in Example 1 of Experimental Example A except that the liner had a thin bulging bottom portion of the form shown in Figure 9 (Example 3).
- Example 4 A container closure in accordance with this invention (Example 4) was produced in the same way as in Example 1 of Experimental Example A except that the liner had a thin bulging bottom portion of the form shown in Figure 12.
- the thin bulging bottom portion was composed of 16 sections disposed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the width in the circumferential direction of each of the 16 sections of the thin bulging bottom portion at its radially inside end was 0.23 mm.
- Example 3 show the number of container closures out of 100 samples in each of Examples 1, 3 and 4 which developed peeling of the liner. For example, in Example 1, 18 samples developed liner peeling to a degree of S and 62 samples developed liner peeling to a degree of M after one week, and therefore, 20 samples did not develop liner peeling.
- the foregoing description has been directed to a roll-on type closure which is adapted to be mounted tightly on an opening portion of a container having a screw thread formed on the outer circumferential surface of its opening portion by deforming the shell skirt along the aforesaid screw thread, and in which the shoulder portion of the shell is deformed radially inwardly at the time of sealing the opening portion of the container.
- the present invention is not limited to this specified type of container closure, and can be applied to various types of container closures, such as an ordinary roll-on type closure in which no deformation is exerted on the shoulder portion of the shell, and a screw-type closure having a screw thread formed in the skirt before sealing the opening portion of a container.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP151334/79 | 1979-11-24 | ||
| JP15133479A JPS5674447A (en) | 1979-11-24 | 1979-11-24 | Vessel cover provided with improved liner |
| JP16402679A JPS5695856A (en) | 1979-12-19 | 1979-12-19 | Vessel cover provided with liner* ashesive characteristic thereof to shell is improved |
| JP164026/79 | 1979-12-19 | ||
| JP55120687A JPS5746766A (en) | 1980-09-02 | 1980-09-02 | Vessel cover with improved liner |
| JP120687/80 | 1980-09-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0029729A1 EP0029729A1 (de) | 1981-06-03 |
| EP0029729B1 true EP0029729B1 (de) | 1984-03-28 |
Family
ID=27314095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19800304206 Expired EP0029729B1 (de) | 1979-11-24 | 1980-11-24 | Behälterverschluss mit Dichtungseinlage |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0029729B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU545202B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3067293D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES497032A0 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2303581B1 (de) | 2008-05-29 | 2014-10-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Kappe für fluidbehälterauslass |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1054118A (fr) * | 1952-07-09 | 1954-02-08 | Système de bouchage universel sans sertissage, et sans joint, pour capsules et couvercles | |
| BE627697A (de) * | 1962-07-23 | |||
| GB969103A (en) * | 1962-07-25 | 1964-09-09 | Metal Closures Ltd | Improvements in or relating to closures |
| US3257021A (en) * | 1963-06-04 | 1966-06-21 | Continental Can Co | Closure seal with semi-adherent and removable liner |
| IL51582A (en) * | 1976-03-11 | 1979-05-31 | Crown Cork Japan | Cap and method for sealing containers therewith |
-
1980
- 1980-11-13 AU AU64349/80A patent/AU545202B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-11-21 ES ES497032A patent/ES497032A0/es active Granted
- 1980-11-24 DE DE8080304206T patent/DE3067293D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-11-24 EP EP19800304206 patent/EP0029729B1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3067293D1 (en) | 1984-05-03 |
| ES8202307A1 (es) | 1982-01-16 |
| AU6434980A (en) | 1981-05-28 |
| AU545202B2 (en) | 1985-07-04 |
| ES497032A0 (es) | 1982-01-16 |
| EP0029729A1 (de) | 1981-06-03 |
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