EP0037363B1 - Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0037363B1
EP0037363B1 EP81730023A EP81730023A EP0037363B1 EP 0037363 B1 EP0037363 B1 EP 0037363B1 EP 81730023 A EP81730023 A EP 81730023A EP 81730023 A EP81730023 A EP 81730023A EP 0037363 B1 EP0037363 B1 EP 0037363B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
arrester
diverter
housing
surge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81730023A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0037363A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dr. Crucius
Mohamed Aziz Hassan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT81730023T priority Critical patent/ATE8943T1/de
Publication of EP0037363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0037363A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0037363B1 publication Critical patent/EP0037363B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H01T4/18—Arrangements for reducing height of stacked spark gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/15—Details of spark gaps for protection against excessive pressure

Definitions

  • Such a surge arrester is known from CH-A-304 299.
  • a surge arrester is also known, in which arrester elements layered into a column with a cylindrical bore are arranged in a housing which is protected by a crushing membrane against internal excess pressure.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a surge arrester of high packing density of the type mentioned so that it has a minimum of inductance of the overall arrangement with at least the same packing density.
  • an arrester element or a conductive support body is arranged alternately from floor to floor in another column, such that opposite parallel directions of current flow result in adjacent floors.
  • a surge arrester which is particularly suitable for arrangement in air or nitrogen.
  • the distance between the floors can be reduced and the surge arrester can be made more compact.
  • This version is particularly suitable for installation in electronegative gas under pressure, e.g. B. SF 6 , and is particularly suitable for metal-enclosed switchgear.
  • arrester elements located in floors which are connected via scaffolding elements, offers the advantageous possibility of controlling elements, such as, for. B. linear or non-linear control resistors and capacitors, to be included as required.
  • arrester elements and a control element can be arranged on each floor [n-1], the control element being connected between the power supply and discharge lines of each floor. In this way, a chain of control elements connected in parallel to the arrester elements is created to equalize the voltage distribution.
  • the control element completes the triangular, rectangular or polygonal shape of the floors in such a way that an increase in mechanical strength is achieved. If, on the other hand, it is only a question of increasing the strength, an insulating support body with the dimensions of an arrester element can also be inserted on each floor instead of a control element.
  • the scaffolding elements can be designed as hollow bodies.
  • the modular construction of the arrester gives good access to the cavity and, if appropriate, fastening elements to be attached there.
  • the cavity of the scaffolding elements can be used as a collecting space for gases which can arise as a result of the thermal decomposition of arrester elements if the surge arrester is overloaded.
  • the interiors of the arrester elements can be connected to the cavities of the scaffolding elements and these with the surrounding atmosphere through a pressure compensation opening.
  • the z. B. can be achieved by hollow or tubular support body between the arrester elements and the scaffolding elements, is particularly suitable for surge arresters with a housing that is to be protected from sudden pressure when the arrester is overloaded.
  • the hot gases first fill the cavities of the scaffolding elements before they dampen the housing with a time delay.
  • the arrangement just described can be made even more effective in that the cavities of the scaffolding elements can be connected to the atmosphere surrounding the housing by means of a crushing membrane when an inadmissible excess pressure occurs. In this case, there is no pressure on the housing or any contamination. It can therefore be used again after the defective arrangement of arrester elements has been removed.
  • the surge arrester 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a housing 2 which is designed as a hollow porcelain insulator with shields. In the interior of the housing, a four-pillar structure of arrester elements is arranged between support plates 3 and 4, which are connected to a voltage-side connection 5 or an earth connection 6.
  • Each of the columns 10, 11, 12 and 13 is composed of arrester elements 14, insulating support bodies 15 and framework elements 16 in a specific order.
  • the arrester elements 14 and the insulating support body 15 have the same length, so that these elements can be combined as desired.
  • the further columns 11, 12 and 13 contain insulating support bodies 15 at the same height.
  • the open side of the U-shape is located between the columns 10 and 11.
  • the connection to the lower floor is then likewise established via a scaffolding element 16 by means of a conductor element 14, in which the current path through further conductor elements 14 is reversed Direction as in the upper floor.
  • Another conductor element 14 located in the course of the column 10 establishes the connection to the lower support plate 4, which is connected to the earth connection.
  • the other columns in turn contain insulating supporting bodies of the same dimensions parallel to the lowermost conductor element 14.
  • the mentioned arrester elements 14 are preferably voltage-dependent resistors based on zinc oxide.
  • the actual resistance body is surrounded by an insulating housing, the dimensions of which are adapted to the insulating support bodies.
  • the high mechanical strength of the zinc oxide resistors also makes it possible to dispense with separate insulating housings.
  • the resistors are connected directly to the scaffolding elements using suitable connection fittings which are fixedly attached to the resistance body.
  • the elimination of the insulating housing increases the volume of the resistance material to be accommodated and improves its cooling.
  • a series connection of spark gaps with voltage-dependent resistors can also be provided.
  • This can e.g. B. happen that one or more of the arrester elements 14 in Fig. 1 are designed as spark gaps.
  • the spark gaps do not need their own gas-tight encapsulation if the structure shown in FIG. 1 is arranged within the housing 2 in an atmosphere which leads to the desired mode of operation of the spark gaps. In a known manner, this can be achieved by filling the housing 2 with nitrogen.
  • FIG. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of a surge arrester. Similar to FIG. 1, a column structure with four columns 20, 21, 22 and 23 is again selected, which are arranged in the corner points of a square. Likewise, a uniform structure with a number of floors lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the columns is achieved by means of scaffolding elements 24, insulating support bodies 25 and conductive support bodies 26 and also arrester elements 27. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to the FIG., however, no arrester elements are used in the longitudinal direction of the columns, ie for connecting the floors to one another, but instead only insulating support bodies 25 and conductive support bodies 26 are used alternately. These support bodies are smaller than the corresponding parts in the example according to FIG. 1.
  • the spacing of the floors from one another is significantly smaller, which results in a higher packing density of the arrester elements.
  • This embodiment is therefore particularly suitable for installation in a gas with a high insulating capacity, for. B. the sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) used in gas-insulated, metal-enclosed switchgear.
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • a metal housing 28 is provided, into which the voltage connection is introduced by means of a disk bushing 29.
  • a spark gap unit 30 which is encapsulated in an insulating housing 31, is used in the second floor from above in addition to the arrester elements 27 consisting of voltage-dependent resistors.
  • a different gas than the insulating gas mentioned can be used in the area of the electrodes of the spark gap unit in order to achieve a desired response and extinguishing behavior of the spark gap. Nitrogen is particularly suitable for operating the spark gap.
  • a scaffolding element is shown as an individual part in FIG. 3.
  • the scaffold element 33 is designed as a cylindrical body and has an upper and a lower cover surface 34 and 35, each with a threaded hole 36 or 37, and on its circumference three threaded holes 40, 41 and 42 at an angle of 90 ° Arrangement of the threaded holes, the scaffold element 33 can be used at any point of the surge arrester shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. If the arrester elements as well as the insulating and conductive support bodies are provided with suitable threaded pins, the surge arresters described can be assembled in a modular manner. Instead of threaded holes, profile holes or simple through holes can also be provided if the scaffolding elements are designed as hollow bodies and the interior for attaching fastening elements, eg. B. pins, nuts or the like., Accessible. For this purpose, the scaffolding element can be formed in two parts by division along a line 43 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 in the manner of a pot and a lid.
  • arrester elements are respectively connected in series in the floors perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the columns.
  • additional arrester elements connected in parallel can also be provided, as is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the arrester elements 45 are symbolized here by lines in the arrangement corresponding to the four-column structure explained.
  • Two arrester elements are connected in parallel by conductive connections 46.
  • Each level of the arrester therefore contains six instead of three arrester elements. If a further increase in the leakage current to be controlled or the energy to be absorbed is desired, then more than two arrester elements can be connected in parallel on each floor. The rest of the arrangement, in particular the arrangement of conductive and insulating support bodies between the floors, remains unchanged.
  • a control element 73, z. B. a linear or a non-linear resistor or a capacitor is connected, which in connection with the same control elements 73 of the other floors forms a chain of control elements connected in parallel to the arrester elements 45, which equalize the voltage distribution.
  • conductor elements 45 are connected in parallel on one side of the polygon arrangement, control elements can also be connected in parallel.
  • surge arresters are not only suitable for arresters with a housing (2 in Fig. 1, 28 in Fig. 2). Rather, the active part itself can be set up as a surge arrester because the multi-column structure with the scaffolding elements can be carried out in a mechanically stable and stable manner. All that is required for outdoor installation is the weatherproof design of the components.
  • a device for pressure relief is generally required, which discharges the pressurized hot gases into the outside space when the arrester is overstressed.
  • the described column structure of the new trap offers an advantageous option for incorporating a pressure relief system.
  • the interior spaces of the scaffolding elements can be used as collecting spaces for the decomposition gases, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the interior of the active part can also be used as collecting spaces in this embodiment, which can be provided at a desired location with an opening opening into the surroundings.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of a diverter according to FIGS. 1 or 2, a diverter element 45 with a scaffold element 46 and a subsequent support body 47.
  • the arrester element 45 contains within an insulating housing 48 a resistance body 49 which is conductively connected to the scaffolding element 46 by means of a threaded connector 50.
  • a threaded connector 50 By screwing the threaded connector 50 into the scaffold element 46, in addition to the electrical and mechanically load-bearing connection, a seal from the environment is also created.
  • the gases that occur when the resistance body 49 is overloaded therefore pass through a bore 51 of the threaded connector 50 into a cavity 52 of the scaffold element 46, from where they can spread through the subsequent tubular support body 47 to further scaffold elements.
  • a gradual reduction in pressure is achieved through a small opening 53 in the framework element 46.
  • Corresponding further openings can also be made in the other scaffolding elements, not shown.
  • the overpressure takes up the environment and therefore also against it if necessary, existing housing only gradually.
  • a crushing membrane can be arranged in a suitable location in the housing, through whose bursting the gases can escape to the outside.
  • FIG. 6 which shows a further connection point within the column structure in a representation rotated by 90 ° in relation to FIG. 5
  • two arrester elements 54 are directly connected to a scaffold element 55 without a screw connection.
  • cylindrical lugs 56 are formed on the scaffold element 55, which receive the ends of the arrester elements 54 like sleeves.
  • the connection can e.g. B. by an external thread of the housing of the arrester elements and an internal thread of the lugs 56.
  • putty or glue are also suitable for a permanent connection.
  • a conductive transition between the arrester elements and the scaffolding elements must be ensured.
  • larger cross sections for the passage of gases from the arrester elements into the scaffolding elements can be achieved according to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows how the gases from an encapsulated arrester are of both insulating and metal encapsulated type can be derived without stressing the housing or the encapsulation in any way.
  • the column structure designated overall by 60, is designed to be closed with respect to the interior 61; H. there are no pressure equalization openings in the scaffolding elements.
  • the cavities of the support body of the column structure first open with the interposition of crushing membranes 67 in a buffer space 62 which is formed by a lower support plate 63 for the column structure 60 and the end fitting 64 of a housing 65.
  • An opening 66 of the end fitting 64 is closed by a further breaking membrane 68. If, after the crushing membranes 67 have responded, gases enter the buffer space 62, the crushing membrane 68 bursts and the gases get directly into the environment without straining the housing 65. Therefore, the housing remains in a clean and reliable condition and can be used again after the defective active part 60 has been removed.
  • Fig. 7 is indicated by dashed lines that the gases can not only exit in the axial direction according to the direction of arrow 70 from the housing 65, but also with a correspondingly selected design of the end fitting 64 also perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing 65 in the direction of Peiles 71 or by deflecting in the direction of arrow 72.
  • the surge arresters described can be constructed not only using the zinc oxide resistors already mentioned, which are characterized by a particularly pronounced, non-linear current-voltage characteristic, but also with other resistors suitable for surge arresters, alone or in connection with spark gaps connected in series or in parallel. Therefore z.
  • Resistors based on silicon carbide can also be used, as well as combinations of different types of resistors or mixed bodies made of different resistance materials.
  • arrester elements can also be inserted into the columnar structure, which serve to control the voltage distribution, as is known to be achieved by resistors and / or capacitors.
  • control rings can be used in addition or on their own, particularly in the case of the described arrester without a housing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Dispositif dérivant les surtensions comportant les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) ensemble, du type à étages, d'éléments dérivateurs (14, 27, 45, 54) situés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier (2, 28, 65) parallèlement à des plans qui s'étendent perpendiculairement à l'étendue longitudinale d'une ossature constituée par plusieurs colonnes parallèles (10-11-12-13; 20-21-22-23);
b) des dimensions uniformes des éléments dérivateurs (14, 27, 45, 54), de corps de support isolants (15, 25) et d'éléments d'ossature conducteurs (16, 24, 33, 46, 55) ;
c) chaque élément d'ossature conducteur (16, 24, 33, 46, 55) possède des moyens de raccordement et de liaison (36, 37,40,41,42) en direction des autres colonnes (10-11-12-13; 20-21-22-23);
d) dans le cas de n éléments d'ossature (16, 24, 33, 46, 55) pour chaque étage il est prévu au moins [n - 1] éléments dérivateurs (14, 27, 45, 54),

caractérisé par le fait qu'un élément dérivateur (14,27,45,54) ou un corps de support conducteur (26) est disposé d'un étage à l'autre en alternance dans une autre colonne (10, 11, 12, 13; 20, 21, 22, 23) de telle sorte que l'on obtient, dans des étages voisins, des directions parallèles opposées de flux de courant (figure 1, figure 2, figure 4).
2. Dispositif dérivant les surtensions suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'un corps de support conducteur (26) est inséré entre les étages pour réaliser la liaison entre deux éléments d'ossature (24) (figure 2).
3. Dispositif dérivant les surtensions suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que dans chaque étage se trouve également disposé, en dehors de [n - 1] éléments dérivateurs (27, 45), un organe de commande (30, 73) qui est branché entre le conducteur d'amenée et le conducteur de sortie du courant de chaque étage.
4. Dispositif dérivant les surtensions suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments d'ossature (33, 46, 55) sont réalisés sous la forme de corps creux (figure 3, figure 5, figure 6).
5. Dispositif dérivant les surtensions suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les espaces internes des éléments dérivateurs (45, 54) sont en liaison avec les cavités (52) des éléments d'ossature (46, 55) et que ces derniers sont en liaison avec l'atmosphère environnante par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture de compensation de pression (53) (figure 5, figure 6).
6. Dispositif dérivant les surtensions suivant la revendication 5, comportant un boîtier, caractérisé par le fait que les cavités de la partie active (60) peuvent être reliées au moyen d'une membrane de rupture (60) à l'atmosphère entourant le boîtier (65) lors de l'apparition d'une surpression inadmissible (figure 7).
7. Dispositif d'erivant les surtensions suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un boîtier (65) comporte une chambre tampon (62) dans laquelle les cavités de la partie active (60) débouchent, moyennant le montage intercalé de membranes de rupture (67), et qui peut être reliée pour sa part à l'atmosphère environnante par l'intermédiaire d'une autre membrane de rupture (68).
EP81730023A 1980-03-28 1981-03-09 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Expired EP0037363B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81730023T ATE8943T1 (de) 1980-03-28 1981-03-09 Ueberspannungsableiter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3012744A DE3012744C2 (de) 1980-03-28 1980-03-28 Überspannungsableiter
DE3012744 1980-03-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0037363A1 EP0037363A1 (fr) 1981-10-07
EP0037363B1 true EP0037363B1 (fr) 1984-08-08

Family

ID=6099040

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81730023A Expired EP0037363B1 (fr) 1980-03-28 1981-03-09 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4363069A (fr)
EP (1) EP0037363B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS56152182A (fr)
AT (1) ATE8943T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8101857A (fr)
DD (1) DD157646A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3012744C2 (fr)
IN (1) IN152746B (fr)
SU (1) SU1098532A3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA812066B (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE424932B (sv) * 1980-12-19 1982-08-16 Asea Ab Ventilavledare
JPS58186183A (ja) * 1982-04-24 1983-10-31 株式会社日立製作所 避雷器
DE69031604T2 (de) * 1989-02-07 1998-05-20 Bowthorpe Ind Ltd Überspannungsableitervorrichtung
RU2191454C2 (ru) * 2000-06-27 2002-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Стример" Импульсный грозовой разрядник для линии электропередачи (варианты) и колонка импульсных разрядников
US20060256496A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Clark M C Methods and apparatuses related to pulsed power
US20070159760A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2007-07-12 Collins Clark Methods and Systems Related to Pulsed Power
DE102009007067A1 (de) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Impedanzanordnung mit einem ersten Armaturkörper
US10741313B1 (en) * 2019-02-06 2020-08-11 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Bus bar assembly with integrated surge arrestor

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH304299A (de) * 1952-09-11 1954-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter für hohe Betriebsspannungen.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA538533A (fr) * 1957-03-19 M. Opsahl Alert Parafoudres a haut voltage
US2528127A (en) * 1946-11-13 1950-10-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lightning arrester
US2542805A (en) * 1948-06-01 1951-02-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lightning arrester
US2608600A (en) * 1949-06-18 1952-08-26 Asea Ab Arrangement at surge diverters for increasing the discharging ability
US3144583A (en) * 1960-11-14 1964-08-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lightining arrester
US3155874A (en) * 1961-08-02 1964-11-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lightning arrester
DE1463593B2 (de) * 1964-04-17 1972-03-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter
US3412273A (en) * 1964-10-28 1968-11-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp High voltage lightning arrester having a plurality of arrester elements
DE2056526C3 (de) * 1970-11-12 1978-05-11 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Überspannungsableiter mit einer das Innere abschließenden Membran
JPS53138029A (en) * 1977-05-07 1978-12-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Abnormal voltage protective equipment
JPS5919448B2 (ja) * 1978-03-03 1984-05-07 株式会社日立製作所 避雷器

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH304299A (de) * 1952-09-11 1954-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter für hohe Betriebsspannungen.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU1098532A3 (ru) 1984-06-15
US4363069A (en) 1982-12-07
IN152746B (fr) 1984-03-24
ZA812066B (en) 1982-04-28
DE3012744A1 (de) 1981-10-22
EP0037363A1 (fr) 1981-10-07
DD157646A5 (de) 1982-11-24
JPS56152182A (en) 1981-11-25
ATE8943T1 (de) 1984-08-15
BR8101857A (pt) 1981-09-29
DE3012744C2 (de) 1985-10-10

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