EP0038314A1 - Echangeur de chaleur pour préchauffage d'un matériau cru de ciment - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur pour préchauffage d'un matériau cru de ciment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038314A1
EP0038314A1 EP81890016A EP81890016A EP0038314A1 EP 0038314 A1 EP0038314 A1 EP 0038314A1 EP 81890016 A EP81890016 A EP 81890016A EP 81890016 A EP81890016 A EP 81890016A EP 0038314 A1 EP0038314 A1 EP 0038314A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
raw meal
hot gas
heat exchanger
mixing chamber
exchanger unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81890016A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0038314B1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Dipl.Ing.Dr. Kraus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine AG
Original Assignee
Voestalpine AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Voestalpine AG filed Critical Voestalpine AG
Publication of EP0038314A1 publication Critical patent/EP0038314A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/30—Recirculation constructions in or with cyclones which accomplish a partial recirculation of the medium, e.g. by means of conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
    • F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • F27B7/2025—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones
    • F27B7/2033—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones with means for precalcining the raw material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger unit for preheating cement raw meal with a riser pipe receiving a hot gas flow, which serves as a mixing chamber for the raw meal supplied via a feed line with the hot gas flow and opens into a cyclone sprayer, which preferably has an immersion pipe at the top for removing the raw meal largely removed Hot gas flow and below an outlet line for the separated raw meal.
  • Rotary kilns are in themselves very well suited for burning cement clinker, but the processes of preheating and calcining the raw meal in such a rotary kiln are inevitably too slow and too expensive, so that efforts are made to preheat and calcine the raw meal as far as possible outside of the rotary kiln.
  • so-called calcinators are arranged upstream of the rotary kilns, in which the preheated raw meal is mixed with fuel in order to be able to supply the raw meal with the amount of heat required for expelling the carbon dioxide from the limestone component when the fuel is burned.
  • the hot exhaust gases from these calciners are used to preheat the raw meal, which allows the waste heat generated to be used accordingly.
  • the preheated cement raw meal is fed to the hot gas flow and mixed with it in order to obtain good heat transfer from the hot gas to the raw meal.
  • the hot gas loaded with the raw meal is then fed via a riser pipe to a cyclone dust collector as raw gas, from which the clean gas is drawn off at the top via an immersion pipe, while the separated raw meal emerges at the bottom via a corresponding line. It is of course not possible to completely separate the raw meal from the hot gas in a cyclone sprayer.
  • the hot gas stream cleaned except for a residual amount of raw meal is understood. Since the preheating in such a heat exchanger unit is not sufficient, several such heat exchanger units are usually connected in series, the hot gas cleaned of the raw meal from the cyclone dusting device downstream with respect to the raw meal flow being used to warm up the raw meal stream originating from an upstream cyclone dust collector.
  • a riser is connected to the dip tube of the cyclone duster, which opens as a raw gas feed line in the upstream cyclone duster.
  • the outlet line of this cyclone dust collector for the separated raw meal usually ends as a down pipe in the raw gas feed line, which is designed as a riser, to the upstream cyclone dust collector, so that the raw meal is gradually heated.
  • the heat transfer from the hot gas to the raw meal occurs mainly in the area of the riser pipes, with intimate mixing between the hot gas stream and the raw meal taking place in order to ensure a corresponding heat transfer.
  • the risers therefore form mixing rooms in which this mixing takes place.
  • the efficiency of the known heat exchanger unit en v is comparatively low, so that a number of such heat exchanger units have to be connected in series in order to achieve the desired raw meal temperatures.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid these shortcomings and to improve a heat exchanger unit of the type described in such a way that the heat transfer from the hot gas to the raw meal can be made considerably cheaper, which inevitably entails better efficiency for the heat exchanger unit.
  • the invention solves the problem in that the riser forms a diffuser adjoining the mixing space upwards.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the turbulent gas flow required for a good mixing of hot gas and raw meal has to be calmed down and converted into a laminar flow in order to create optimal reaction conditions. Due to the arrangement of a diffuser connected to the mixing chamber, the hot gas with the raw meal after the rapid and intimate mixing can be converted into a strictly ordered direct current in which the heat exchange takes place can go undisturbed and quickly. The laminar flow, which is ensured by the diffuser and prevents wall separation, can therefore actually be seen as a decisive improvement over the conventional heat exchanger units.
  • the shape and dimensioning of the diffuser can be determined very well in advance, depending on the gas quantities to be expected and the temperature profile, using the Bernoullian flow equation.
  • the given conditions can be assumed on the basis that the opening angle of the diffuser may be 12-20 0 without-that a transition of laminar flow to be feared to a turbulent flow.
  • the riser tube below the mixing chamber can form a nozzle which merges into the mixing chamber and which accelerates it accordingly of the hot gas flow and thus ensures rapid and good mixing of the raw meal with the hot gas in the mixing room.
  • the same purpose also serves the measure of allowing the raw meal feed line, which is designed as a downpipe, to open in the lower third of the mixing chamber height.
  • the raw flour is namely supplied to the hot gas in countercurrent via the feed line and entrained by the hot gas in cocurrent. If the transition area from countercurrent to cocurrent is placed in the lower third of the mixing room height, particularly violent mixing can be ensured without the subsequent settling in the diffuser being endangered.
  • the raw meal to be treated is fed to a multi-stage heat exchanger, which consists of three heat exchanger units 2, 3 and 4, according to FIG.
  • the gas exiting the last heat exchanger unit 4, to about 800 to 850 0 0 preheated raw meal is fed to a calciner 6 via a line 5, the additional amounts of fuel to generate heat is be fed.
  • This fuel is mixed with the preheated raw meal in the calciner 6, so that the amount of heat released when the fuel is burned can be given off to the raw meal. This initiates the deacidification of the limestone, which when a temperature level of about 900 ° C is reached.
  • the raw meal entrained with the hot exhaust gas stream passes from the calciner 6 into a cyclone dust collector 7, from where it is fed to the rotary kiln 8.
  • the hot exhaust gas which has largely been cleaned of the solids, passes from the cyclone sprayer 7 into a riser pipe 9, in which it is mixed with the raw meal originating from the heat exchanger unit 3.
  • the hot gas loaded with the raw meal ends in a cyclone sprayer 10 of the heat exchanger unit 4, from which the hot gas freed from the raw meal in turn is fed to a cyclone sprayer 12 of the heat exchanger unit 3 via a riser pipe 11, in which the hot gas is loaded with the raw meal from the heat exchanger unit 2 .
  • the process is repeated until the cooled hot gas is blown off via a fan 13.
  • the largely pre-calcined raw meal from the cyclone duster 7 is further heated in the rotary kiln 8 to approx. 1400 ° C. in order to initiate the chemical conversion of the raw material components to the clinker minerals, which firing process is exothermic.
  • the fired cement clinker is then cooled in a conventional manner to approximately ambient temperature, the conventional cooler provided for this purpose, however, not being shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln 8 is passed at least partially via a line 14 through the housing 15 of a beater mill 16, in which the fuel supplied to the calciner 6 via a fuel feed 17 is comminuted.
  • the shredded distillery - Material is detected by the furnace exhaust gas and conveyed from below into the calciner 6, where the fuel is mixed with the raw meal from line 5 in the manner already described.
  • the amount of oxygen required for the combustion of the fuel is covered from the residual oxygen still contained in the furnace exhaust gas and preferably from the oxygen of the cooling air heated during clinker cooling, which can be fed to the calciner 6 via feed lines 18 and 19.
  • the individual heat exchanger units according to FIG. 2 are designed in a special way, namely that the riser pipe 9, 11 of the individual heat exchanger units forms a diffuser 21 which adjoins the mixing chamber 20 upwards before it is tangential in the cyclone sprayer 10, 12 of the respective heat exchanger unit opens.
  • the raw meal which exits and is intimately mixed with the hot gas flow via a feed line 22 designed as a downpipe in the lower third of the mixing space 20 formed by the riser pipe 9, 11, is passed with the hot gas flow through the diffuser 21, where the initially turbulent hot gas flow calmed and converted into a laminar flow, which ensures a particularly good heat exchange between the hot gas and the raw meal.
  • the hot gas loaded with the raw meal arrives in the respective cyclone dusting device 10, 12 of the corresponding heat exchanger unit, where the raw meal is separated and discharged via an outlet line which, when a plurality of heat exchanger units are connected in series, as the feed line 22 of the raw meal following heat exchanger unit is used.
  • the hot gas freed from the raw meal is withdrawn from the cyclone dust collector via an immersion tube 23 and is used to heat the raw meal in an upstream heat exchanger unit 3.
  • the immersion tube 23 connects to an appropriately designed riser pipe, in which the feed line 22 for the raw meal again opens .
  • the riser pipe 11 forms a nozzle 24 below the mixing chamber 20 which in the exemplary embodiment represents the transition between the immersion pipe 23 and the mixing chamber 20.
  • the arrangement of the nozzle 24 produces a flow which supports the mixing of hot gas and raw meal without the heat exchange being hindered because after the mixing space 20, a corresponding calming of the flow in the diffuser 21 is ensured.
  • risers 9, 11 run vertically in the drawing, such a course does not necessarily have to be predetermined.
  • the riser pipes could be arranged at an incline in order to avoid the formation of pipe bends and to save on overall height.
  • the feed lines 22 could open tangentially in the mixing space 20.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
EP81890016A 1980-04-10 1981-01-27 Echangeur de chaleur pour préchauffage d'un matériau cru de ciment Expired EP0038314B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT193480A AT364303B (de) 1980-04-10 1980-04-10 Waermetauschereinheit zum vorwaermen von zementrohmehl
AT1934/80 1980-04-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0038314A1 true EP0038314A1 (fr) 1981-10-21
EP0038314B1 EP0038314B1 (fr) 1983-09-21

Family

ID=3524179

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81890016A Expired EP0038314B1 (fr) 1980-04-10 1981-01-27 Echangeur de chaleur pour préchauffage d'un matériau cru de ciment

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0038314B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT364303B (fr)
DE (1) DE3160897D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK160281A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017191242A1 (fr) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-09 Outotec (Finland) Oy Cyclone et tube plongeur pour séparer un gaz

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0003123A1 (fr) * 1978-01-12 1979-07-25 BKMI Industrieanlagen GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour précalciner des matières premières carbonées

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1272324B (de) * 1960-02-08 1968-07-11 Yukio Nogiwa Zyklonenanlage zum Erhitzen von feinkoernigem Gut
DE1508576A1 (de) * 1966-04-13 1969-10-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Gegenstrom-Querstromwaermetauscher

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0003123A1 (fr) * 1978-01-12 1979-07-25 BKMI Industrieanlagen GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour précalciner des matières premières carbonées

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017191242A1 (fr) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-09 Outotec (Finland) Oy Cyclone et tube plongeur pour séparer un gaz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK160281A (da) 1981-10-11
AT364303B (de) 1981-10-12
DE3160897D1 (en) 1983-10-27
EP0038314B1 (fr) 1983-09-21
ATA193480A (de) 1981-02-15

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