EP0040739B1 - Dispositif pour la reproduction par écouteurs d'un enregistrement sonore - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la reproduction par écouteurs d'un enregistrement sonore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040739B1
EP0040739B1 EP81103539A EP81103539A EP0040739B1 EP 0040739 B1 EP0040739 B1 EP 0040739B1 EP 81103539 A EP81103539 A EP 81103539A EP 81103539 A EP81103539 A EP 81103539A EP 0040739 B1 EP0040739 B1 EP 0040739B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sound
pulses
reverberation
reflections
headphones
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EP81103539A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0040739A1 (fr
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Peter Michael Dipl.-Ing. Pfleiderer
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H04S1/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
    • H04S1/005—For headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/43—Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/05—Application of the precedence or Haas effect, i.e. the effect of first wavefront, in order to improve sound-source localisation

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  • the present invention relates to a device for reproducing a sound recording via headphones, in which the two transducers of the headphones both directly from the sound signals of the sound recording, as well as by means of a reverberation generator and within a period of about 50 msec after the receipt of the direct sound pulse derived impulses for emulating reverberation reflections which appear to be loud at the side of the listener and which each consist of two impulses derived from the direct sound impulse of a sound channel, the first of which is supplied to the one transducer of the headphone and the second, depending on the frequency of the sound, attenuated to the other transducer of the headphone, wherein in the simulation of at least some reverberation reflections, the first pulse is fed to the transducer (right), which is assigned to the sound channel (right) from the direct sound pulse of which it was derived.
  • the invention further relates to a device for the reproduction of a sound recording via headphones, in which the two transducers of the headphones both directly from the sound signals of the sound recording, as well as by means of a reverberation generator and within a period of about 50 msec after the receipt of the direct sound pulse derived impulses for emulating reverberation reflections which appear to be strong at the side of the listener and which each consist of two impulses derived from the direct sound impulse of a sound channel, the first of which is used to convert one headphone and the second with a time delay To of 0.2 to 1 msec compared to the first pulse is fed to the other transducer of the headphones, with the simulation of at least some reverberation reflections, the first pulse is fed to the transducer (right), which he derived from the sound channel (right) from its direct sound pulse t was assigned.
  • impulses for simulating reverberation reflection on one side wall and impulses for simulating reverberation reflection on the other side wall are simultaneously derived from direct sound impulses occurring in both sound channels, and two first impulses and two second impulses are simultaneously supplied to the listener. Due to their simultaneous arrival, these impulses for the simulation of two reverberation reflections can interfere with each other in the evaluation in the listener's brain and no longer appear as reflections arriving at the side if the direct sound impulses in the two sound channels are the same or similar.
  • This disadvantage generally occurs less when playing artificial head recordings, but is also present, in particular in the case of the mono-close portions of the recordings which concern the important area in the middle in front of the listener.
  • the sound recording from any existing sound carrier e.g. a record or a magnetic tape or from a directly recorded by means of microphones and e.g. Live recording broadcast by radio will rarely be an artificial head recording. Rather, there are runtime stereo recordings, intensity stereophonic recordings and mono recordings.
  • the device according to US-A-3970787 cannot eliminate the impression of the listener, especially with intensity stereophonic recordings and mono recordings, that the sound source is in the head.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described above with which the localization of sound events in the head of the listener is avoided during playback via headphones and a sound experience which is felt to be as natural as possible is achieved.
  • the individual, second reverberation reflections corresponding pulses derived from the direct sound pulses of the one sound channel are fed to the two transducers of the headphones with a time delay of T3 and the pulses of the other sound channel are fed to the two transducers of the headphones with a time delay of T4 , whereby T3 deviates from ⁇ 4 by at least 1.5 msec and ⁇ 3 and T4 are at least 2 msec larger than ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , which means that the impulses appear to the listener as individually perceived sound reflections from only one reflection surface arranged to the side of the listener.
  • the individual, second reverberation reflections corresponding to the direct sound impulses derived pulses of one sound channel can be fed to the two transducers of the headphones with a time delay of T3 or T3 + T o and the pulses of the other sound channel to the two transducers of the headphones with a time delay of T 4 or T 4 + To, whereby T3 deviates from T4 by at least 1.5 msec and T3 and 14 are larger by at least 2 msec than 1: 1 and ⁇ 2 , as a result of which the impulses appear to the listener as individually perceived sound reflections from only one reflection surface arranged to the side of the listener.
  • the reverberation generator sends the listener some strong individual reflections that are recognizable as such, which due to their special composition are perceived as arriving in a directed manner.
  • the relation of a lateral incidence direction between the left and right ear of the listener must be shown in terms of time and frequency in the correct psychoacoustic context. Only then is an exponentially decaying statistical reverberation delivered, which then no longer interferes with the recognition, intelligibility and location of the sound event and contributes to the natural impression of the reproduction.
  • the reproduction can paradoxically sound more natural if the time sequence of the individual reflections and the onset of statistical reverberation and / or the damping relationships between the direct sound, the individual reflections and the statistical reverberation do not simulate conditions in a given room.
  • the first reflection according to the Haas effect is louder than the direct sound and is still not perceived or felt as direct sound, d. H. this first reflection does not interfere with the location of the sound event.
  • the individually perceptible sound-intensive individual reflections generated in the 50 ms range can each consist of two separate sound signals or pulses, which are emitted at different volumes and additional frequency-dependent attenuation via the two channels of the reproduction device.
  • the two sound signals have a time interval from one another which is in the range of the time delay which lies between the arrival of sound at one ear of the listener and subsequent arrival at the other ear. This time is so short that the sound signals are still perceived as a single reflection, but this reflection is perceived as directed depending on the time interval between the sound signals forming it. In the case of hearing through headphones, this causes the unpleasant sensation, the sound source, e.g. an orchestra, in your head, disappears and the sound event is projected perceptually physiologically in front of the listener.
  • reflections can be interspersed which come from one channel of the sound carrier, are equally strong, but are relatively quietly emitted via both channels of the playback device, that is to say they are mono and appear to come from behind or above due to their low volume.
  • a statistical reverberation can then be generated by the reverberation generator. It is a dense sequence of sound impulses, which are no longer perceptible as individual impulses, but as a cluster simulate the exponential decay of an oscillation excited in a room.
  • Means can be provided which allow the damping of the second pulse to be set in a frequency-dependent manner in relation to the first so that the reproduction sounds the most natural. In this way, differences in the shape of the head and the shape of the ear, which have shaped the individual sense of hearing of the listener, can be taken into account. It would be conceivable to assign a device or a device for carrying out the above-described method to a plurality of manually adjustable damping elements, which are either permanently installed and switchable or designed to be removable by a plug connection, in order to make the device usable for several users without having to re-use each time individual adjustment is required. It is then simply switched to the damping device already set for the specific user.
  • FIG. 1a shows the head 2 of a listener with the right ear 4 and the left ear 6 and the arrows 8 show the various apparent angles of incidence at which the direct sound is perceived when played with headphones (not shown).
  • the different direct sound impulses arrive from far left to far right at 180 ° different angles of incidence, the apparent angles of incidence occurring depending on the type of recording of the sound carrier. It has been shown that these angles of incidence of the direct sound, distributed about 180 °, promote the feeling of being there when playing headphones, which is particularly important because the visual impressions e.g. of an orchestra are missing from the sound carrier.
  • FIG. 1b shows acoustically desirable angles of incidence of the first, individually perceived sound reflections, which are inclined at approximately 45 degrees to the viewing direction.
  • Rr and RI represent a wave front that appears to come from the front right, with Rr directly entering the right ear and RI representing the left ear after bending the head.
  • Lr and LI represent a wave front arriving from the left at an angle of 45 °.
  • Another wave front of a single reflection appears to come from behind or above.
  • FIG. 1c again shows the head 2 in connection with statistical reverberation apparently arriving from all sides, which is indicated by arrows 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a method that specifies how a reverberant generator should be used to produce high-sounding individual reflections that the listener perceives as directed towards him.
  • a device for carrying out the method is shown in highly schematic form in FIG. 2, which schematically shows the structure of a suitable reverberation generator.
  • a reverberation generator working according to this method is required in order to produce as natural a reverberation as possible when playing back sound carriers with unhallowed recordings via headphones.
  • a magnetic tape 204 running fast from top to bottom in the direction of arrow 202 is shown with a left audio track 206 and a right audio track 208, which forms part of a reverberation generator as a high-speed magnetic tape loop.
  • two recording heads 212 and 214 are arranged behind two erase heads, of which the left 212 plays the signal coming from the left sound channel of the sound carrier onto the tape 204, while the right one plays the signal coming from the right sound channel of the sound carrier onto the tape.
  • the diagrams 216 and 218 shown immediately to the left and to the left of the tape 204 show the volume of the impulses coming from the sound carrier over time, the signal of the left audio channel being shown in solid lines and the signal of the right audio channel in broken lines. The same representation is used for all pulses originating from the right or left sound channel or magnetic tape channel 212 or 214.
  • two equally strong pulses 220 occurring in both sound channels in the left channel and 222 in the right channel are assumed, only for the purpose of illustration.
  • corresponding diagrams are shown to the outside in which the reflection pulses generated or derived by the reverberation generator based on the input pulses described are shown.
  • the diagram for the left output of the reverberator is labeled 224 and the diagram for the right output of the reverberator is labeled 226.
  • a pick-up head 228 is arranged above the left sound track, which generates a signal 230 in the left output channel 233, the volume of which is somewhat in accordance with the natural reverberation is quieter than the direct playback pulse 220.
  • a second pick-up head 232 is arranged which, when passing through the recording of the direct pulse 220 into the right output channel 234, emits a pulse 236 which is somewhat weaker than that previously into the left channel output pulse is 230.
  • the listener first hears the stronger impulse 230 in headphones in the left ear and 0.63 ms later in the right ear the weaker impulse 236, which gives him the impression that he has received a sound wave coming from the front left that first reached his left ear and arrived a short time later in his right ear, weakened by the "head shadow". Because of their short time interval, these two pulses 230 and 236 are not perceived as separate pulses, but rather as a sound-intensive single incoming reflection.
  • the next reverberation pulse derived from the reverberation generator from the input pulses 220 and 222 now only follows 4 ms later to ensure that the listener's perception is not combined with the individual reflection consisting of the pulses 230 and 236.
  • a pick-up head 238 is arranged above the right sound track 208, which, when the recording of the direct signal 222 into the right output channel 234, has a pulse 230 in intensity outputs essentially corresponding reverberation pulse 240.
  • a pickup head 242 is arranged above the right sound track 208, which emits a pulse 244 into the left output channel 233, the intensity of which corresponds approximately to that of the pulse 236.
  • the impulses 240 and 244 are combined in the listener's perception to an individual reflection that apparently falls from the right front.
  • a pick-up head 246 is arranged above the right sound track and a pick-up head 248 is arranged above the left sound track, which are short-circuited and connected to the left output channel 232 and the right output channel 234 and Process each continuous recording in one or both tracks into equally strong pulses 250 and 252 which are emitted into the two output channels and are somewhat weaker in volume than all the reverberation pulses described above. Due to their simultaneous arrival at the listener and their lower sound intensity, the listener perceives them as individual reflections coming from behind or from above.
  • a pick-up head 254 is arranged above the right sound track 208, which emits a pulse 256 into the left output channel 233 when the recording of the direct pulse 222 passes, this pulse 256 again somewhat louder or as an electrical signal somewhat stronger than the preceding pulses 250 and 252, but is quieter or weaker than the first reverberation pulse 230 in accordance with the natural drop in sound intensity.
  • a pick-up head 258 is also arranged behind the pick-up head 254 above the right-hand sound track 208, which emits a pulse 260 into the right-hand output channel 234, which is weaker than the just-coming pulse 256 is in the left channel and thus as described together with this is perceived by the listener as a strong single reflection coming from the left or left front.
  • a pick-up head 262 is arranged above the left sound track 206 and emits a pulse 264 corresponding in intensity to the pulse 256 to the right output channel 234.
  • a pickup head 266 is arranged behind this sound head 262, which emits a pulse 268 corresponding in intensity to the pulse 260 into the left output channel 233.
  • the latter two impulses 264 and 268 are again perceived by the listener as a single reflection, which apparently comes from the right or front right.
  • the last pulse 268 is followed by a normal statistical reverberation at a distance of 4 ms, as is also produced by known reverberation devices and which consists of a dense sequence of sound pulses that are no longer perceptible as individual reflections, but rather as an accumulation of the exponential decay of one in simulates a vibration excited by a room.
  • This statistical reverberation not shown in the diagram in FIG. 2, follows line 270 in the diagrams and can e.g. by a larger number of other heads but also by other known time delay devices such. B. capacitor chains are generated.
  • the individual reflections described with reference to FIG. 2 can of course also be generated by means of other known devices in analog or digital technology instead of by a tape 204 and tape heads.
  • the time intervals between the individual reflections generated and their intensity should correspond to the reverberation conditions in a specific room, for which purpose the reverberation behavior in this specific room must be measured and the reverberation generator must be designed accordingly.
  • An average living space should preferably be used as the room to be reproduced.
  • the reverberation generator can also be designed in such a way that it can generate the reverberation corresponding to two or more different concrete rooms, as a result of which the listener can switch to the desired reproduction room, preferably choosing a room that corresponds to the room in which the listener is listening.
  • the reverberation generator should be designed so that the first reverberant single reverberation is not emitted less than 12 ms but preferably about 18 ms after the direct sound, so that it can perceive the transient response of the sound generator, e.g. Musical instruments, not disturbing in direct sound.
  • the respective second pulses 236 and 244 of the individual reflections composed of two individual pulses at intervals are not only attenuated in terms of volume overall compared to the first pulse, but additionally to take into account the diffraction at the head (see FIG. 1b), especially in the heights and slightly dampened in the bass too.
  • the coordination of the levels and the frequency-dependent damping of the direct sound, the first sound-intensive individual reflections and the reverberation to one another and the damping of the second pulse of the composite individual reflections, to take into account the human head shape ensure easy recognition of stimulus patterns stored in the human brain and determine the directional and spatial Definition of the sound event according to the real acoustic conditions.
  • two simultaneous reverberation pulses taken from the magnetic tape with a pickup head can also be emitted via the right and left output channels of the reverberation device, whereby the impression of the directional arrival of the sound is also achieved if these impulses - as described for the separate impulses - are damped differently and with different frequencies.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible structural embodiment of the reverberation generator 203, which is already shown schematically in the middle in FIG. 2, in which in a housing 304 with a cover 306 via two rollers 308 and 310, one of which is driven by an electric motor (not shown) magnetic tape 312 is guided with two audio tracks.
  • a pickup block 314 is fastened to the cover, at which the erase heads 210, the recording heads 212 and 214 and the removal heads 228, 232, 238, 242, 246, 248, 254, 258, 262 and 266 are attached.
  • Attached to the lower housing part 304 is a pickup block 316 which interacts with the underside of the tape loop 311 and has closely spaced pickup heads which produce the statistical reverberation.
  • roller 310 In order to bring this block closer to the last removal head 266 for receiving a single reflection, the roller 310 can also be significantly smaller or a deflection edge can take its place.
  • a spring-loaded pressing mechanism 320 for pressing the tape onto the tape heads is held between the tape heads and within the tape loop 311. The electrical switching of the heads is shown in Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a modified reverberation device 402 enclosed by a broken line with a right input 404 and a left input 406, which are connected to a preamplifier, not shown, and a right output 408 and a left output 410, which are connected to an amplifier 412. to which a stereophonic headphone 418 is connected via lines 414 and 416.
  • the signals arrive at the input terminals 404 and 406 as they are taken from the sound carrier.
  • a line R o goes from the input terminal 404 directly to the output terminal 408, only damping elements H for the highs, B for the low and V for the volume being arranged in this line, which are used for adjustment in the manufacture of the device.
  • damping elements as well as all other similar damping devices provided in the device, can be replaced by non-adjustable damping elements each adapted to the individual lines.
  • the input 406 is connected by a line L directly to the output 410, which, like the output 408, is designed as a node amplifier and allows the signal to pass only in the direction of the arrow on the incoming lines. Damping devices for the volume, the treble and the bass are interposed in the line L o again.
  • a line 420 also leads from the input terminal 404 to a delay element 422 in the form of a delay line, which delays the incoming signal by 15 ms in order to generate the first individual reflection consisting of the two pulses Rr and RI.
  • a line Rr leads from the timing element 422 with interposed damping elements H, B and V directly to the right output 408. Furthermore, the output of the timing element 422 is connected via a line 424 to a timing element 426, which causes a time delay of 0.5 ms and over the line RI with intermediate adjustment damping elements H, B and V and a hand controller 428 leads the second pulse RI of the first individual reflection to the output 410.
  • the hand controller 428 has a manually adjustable height controller 430 and a manually adjustable bass controller 432, with which the attenuation of the treble and bass can be adjusted a little in order to adapt them to the different hearing sensations, corresponding to different head shapes of the listener.
  • the adjustment dampers H, B and V interposed in the line RI are already set during manufacture in such a way that the second pulse RI is damped in the treble and somewhat in the bass compared to the first pulse Rr.
  • an adjustable comb filter can be provided, which allows a more precise adaptation to the damping that occurs when the head is bent, and thus further increases the naturalness.
  • the hand controller 428 can also have several setting options for several frequency ranges.
  • a line 434 leads from the left input to a timer 436 in which the signal is delayed by 25 ms and is then output in a line LI, which leads via damping elements to the left output 410 and supplies the latter with the first pulse of the second individual reflection.
  • a line 438 leads from the output of the timer 436 to a timer 440, which causes a delay of 0.5 ms.
  • a line Lr leads from its output via adjustment dampers H, B and V and a manual damping controller 442 to the right output 408.
  • the manual controller 442 has a height adjuster 442 and a depth adjuster 444, which is indicated by broken lines with the corresponding adjusting elements 430 and 432 of the manual damping controller are connected in line RI to be actuated together, since generally symmetrical head shapes can be assumed.
  • the delay of 0.5 ms causes the individual reflections each as perceived at an angle of 45 ° to the line of sight. Smaller time delays result in smaller angles of incidence and larger time delays, larger apparent angles of incidence.
  • the lines 420, 434 branching off from the outputs 404 and 406 also lead to a node amplifier 450, which is connected to a timer 452, which has a time delay of 15 ms.
  • timing element 456 which has a time delay of 25 ms and, with the interposition of damping elements H, B and V, is connected via a line 458 to a branch point 460, from which a line 462 to the right Lead output 408 and line 464 to left output 410.
  • a line 466 branches off from the line 458 between the damping elements B and V and leads via a damping element V for the volume level overall to the node amplifiers 454 and 450 in front of and behind the timer 452.
  • This circuit consisting of the two timing elements 452 and 456 and the feedback line 466, causes a single mono reflection to be emitted 40 ms after the arrival of the direct sound, which is perceived as coming from behind or above. Then, due to the effect of the return line 466, a further mono reflection is emitted 25 ms later and then mono reflections are emitted at ever shorter intervals, which together form the statistical reverberation.
  • the strength of the damping of the damping element V in the line 466 and the gain of the node amplifiers 450 and 454 must be coordinated with one another in such a way that the exponential decay of the reflections is brought about. Overall, all damping elements H, B and V are set in such a way that the reverberation caused by the direct sound results in an exponential decay consisting of the individual reflections and the statistical reverberation.
  • the statistical reverberation is dampened in the treble and basses compared to the direct sound and the individual reflections, with the damping increasing with increasing distance from the direct sound.
  • the damping element V in line 458 (mono) was adjustable by hand in order to influence the intensity of the statistical reverberation.
  • the damping element V in the return line 466 which determines the reverberation time, is also adjusted at the same time.
  • the attenuation occurring in the diffraction at a head in the different frequencies of z from the desired direction. B. below 45 ° relative to the direction of the side incident wave fronts can be measured in the anechoic room. They determine the basic setting of the damping elements in the lines Rr, RI, LI and Lr or the relations of the damping of the lines for the first and the second pulse of a single reflection to each other.
  • the signal input into the reverberation generators described above according to FIGS. 3 and 4 can be obtained from a sound carrier, e.g. a record or a magnetic tape or recorded directly in a concert using a microphone and Life e.g. be broadcast by radio.
  • a sound carrier e.g. a record or a magnetic tape or recorded directly in a concert using a microphone and Life e.g. be broadcast by radio.
  • the clarity and intelligibility, especially of speech, is improved. Since many hearing-impaired people, for example hearing-impaired people, have great communication problems with the known hearing aids or hearing aids, the method described can also be used with particular advantage in hearing aids and a corresponding reverberation generator can be interposed between the microphone and a pair of preferably two-ear headphones.
  • the circuit according to FIG. 4 can be simplified for this application in that the setting elements H, B and V, 428 and 442 are omitted or are designed with fixed values.
  • the reverberation loop 466 can also be omitted, which eliminates the statistical reverberation. It is not so much a question here of a reproduction that is perceived as natural than an optimal intelligibility of the reproduction.
  • the intelligibility is, however, also connected with the fact that the ear or the speech center in the brain is given a familiar, ie largely natural sound impression, which is associated with the hearing experiences acquired over the course of life.
  • the circuit, including the delay elements, can be accommodated very small on a semiconductor chip and therefore hardly enlarges the hearing aid.
  • Speech intelligibility is increased if, in contrast to the examples described above, a smaller hall is simulated in that the delays in the components 422, 436, 452 and 456 are approximately 10 ms shorter and approximately 5 to 8 ms and 15 to 20 ms, respectively .
  • Hearing aids already improve the intelligibility by using the above-described method if only one earpiece is used on one ear, even though the sound-intensive individual reflections can then no longer be perceived as directional and part of the room simulation is therefore lost.
  • the reverberation generators described above can be used, the mono-recorded signal being fed to both inputs and the signals from the two outputs being combined and being fed to the one playback device on or in the ear.
  • the individual reflections still consist of two individual pulses with a short time interval.
  • the method and device i.e. the reverberation generator, can be simplified so that each individual reflection consists of only one pulse. This also improves the intelligibility compared to conventional hearing aids.
  • the device for generating the statistical reverberation can also be omitted entirely.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Claims (12)

1. Dispositif pour la reproduction par casque d'un enregistrement sonore, dans lequel les deux écouteurs du casque sont alimentés à la fois directement avec les impulsions de sons directs, prélevées des signaux sonores de l'enregistrement et, par l'intermédiaire d'un générateur de réverbération et dans un intervalle de temps d'environ 50 ms après l'arrivée de l'impulsion de son direct, avec des impulsions qui en sont dérivées, en vue de la simulation de réflexions de réverbération arrivant avec une forte intensité acoustique et apparemment depuis le côté chez l'auditeur, réflexions qui sont constituées chacune de deux impulsions dérivées de l'impulsion de son direct d'une voie, dont la première est appliquée à l'un des écouteurs du casque et dont la deuxième est appliquée à l'autre écouteur en étant atténuée en fonction de la fréquence sonore, et dans lequel, pour la simulation d'au moins quelques réflexions de réverbération, la première impulsion est appliquée chaque fois à l'écouteur (droit) coordonné à la voie (droite) ayant fourni l'impulsion de son direct d'où elle avait été dérivée, caractérisé en ce que les différentes impulsions d'une voie, dérivées des impulsions de sons directs et correspondant à de premières réflexions de réverbération, sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque avec un retard de τ1 et les impulsions de l'autre voie sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque avec un retard de τ2, l'écart entre τ1 et τ2 étant d'au moins 1,5 ms, de sorte que les impulsions paraissent chaque fois, à l'auditeur, comme des réflexions acoustiques perçues individuellement et venant seulement d'une surface de réflexion disposée latéralement par rapport à l'auditeur.
2. Dispositif pour la reproduction par casque d'un enregistrement sonore, dans lequel les deux écouteurs du casque (418) sont alimentés à la fois directement avec les impulsions de sons directs (220, 222), prélevées des signaux sonores de l'enregistrement et, par l'intermédiaire d'un générateur de réverbération (302; 402) et dans un intervalle de temps d'environ 50 ms après l'arrivée de l'impulsion de son direct, avec des impulsions qui en sont dérivées, en vue de la simulation de réflexions de réverbération arrivant avec une forte intensité acoustique et apparemment depuis le côté chez l'auditeur (2), réflexions qui sont constituées chacune de deux impulsions (230, 236 et 240, 244) dérivées de l'impulsion de son direct d'une voie, dont la première (230 ou 240) est appliquée à l'un des écouteurs du casque (418) et dont la deuxième (236 ou 244) est appliquée à l'autre écouteur, avec un retard To de 0,2 à 1 ms par rapport à la première impulsion, et dans lequel, pour la simulation d'au moins quelques réflexions de réverbération, la première impulsion (236 ou 240) est appliquée chaque fois à l'écouteur (droit) coordonné à la voie (droite) ayant fourni l'impulsion de son direct (222) d'où elle avait été dérivée, caractérisé en ce que les différentes impulsions (230, 236) d'une voie, dérivées des impulsions de sons directs (220, 222) et correspondant à de premières réflexions de réverbération, sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque (418) avec un retard de τ1 respectivement τ1 + io et les impulsions (240, 244) de l'autre voie sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque (418) avec un retard de τ2 respectivement τ2 + τo, l'écart entre τ1 et τ2 étant d'au moins 1,5 ms, de sorte que les impulsions paraissent chaque fois, à l'auditeur, comme des réflexions acoustiques perçues individuellement et venant seulement d'une surface de réflexion disposée latéralement par rapport à l'auditeur.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les différentes impulsions dérivées des impulsions de sons directs d'une voie et correspondant à de secondes réflexions de réverbération, sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque avec un retard de T3 et les impulsions de l'autre voie sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque avec un retard de τ4, l'écart entre 13 et τ4 étant au moins 1,5 ms et 13 et T4 étant supérieurs d'au moins 2 ms à τ1 et τ2, de sorte que les impulsions paraissent chaque fois, à l'auditeur, comme des réflexions acoustiques perçues individuellement et venant seulement d'une surface de réflexion disposée latéralement par rapport à l'auditeur.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les différentes impulsions (256, 260) dérivées des impulsions de sons directs (220, 222) d'une voie et correspondant à de secondes réflexions de réverbération, sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque avec un retard de τ3 respectivement T3 + τo et les impulsions (264, 268) de l'autre voie sont appliquées aux deux écouteurs du casque avec un retard de τ4 respectivement T4 + τ0, l'écart entre τ3 et τ4 étant d'au moins 1,5 ms et τ3 et τ4 étant supérieurs d'au moins 2 ms à τ1 et τ2, de sorte que les impulsions paraissent chaque fois, à l'auditeur, comme des réflexions acoustiques perçues individuellement et venant seulement d'une surface de réflexion disposée latéralement par rapport à l'auditeur.
5. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les écarts entre τ1 et τ2 et entre τ3 et τ4 sont au moins de 2 ms.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les écarts sont compris entre 4 et 10 ms.
7. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de réverbération (302; 402), pour simuler une réflexion de réverbération monophonique venant apparemment d'en haut ou de derrière, applique simultanément deux impulsions identiques (250, 252), dérivées de la somme des impulsions de sons directs (220, 222) des deux voies, aux deux écouteurs du casque (418), avec un retard qui diffère d'au moins 2 ms des retards ii, τ2, τ3 et τ4 des premières impulsions (230, 240, 256, 264) des réflexions de réverbération arrivant apparemment du côté.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de réverbération (402) génère des impulsions pour simuler trois réflexions de réverbération: deux qui viennent apparemment de deux côtés différents et, ensuite, une réflexion de réverbération monophonique (Fig. 4).
9. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'atténuation, au moins celle des deuxièmes impulsions des impulsions simulant les réflexions de réverbération, est variable au moyen d'éléments de réglage manuel de l'atténuation (428, 442).
10. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par deux bornes d'entrée (404, 406) pour l'application des signaux sonores prélevés des deux voies de l'enregistrement sonore et deux bornes de sortie pour la connexion des deux écouteurs du casque (418), chaque borne d'entrée (404, 406) étant reliée par un premier chemin de signal (Ro, Lo) à la borne de sortie (408, 410) coordonnée pour la transmission directe des impulsions de sons directs, et étant reliée par un deuxième chemin de signal (420, 434) à un premier dispositif à retard (422, 436) pour simuler chaque fois une réflexion de réverbération, dispositif à retard qui délivre chaque fois une impulsion appliquée d'une part à la borne de sortie coordonnée, par exemple au moyen d'un élément additionneur, et d'autre part, à travers un filtre d'atténuation (428, 442), à la borne de sortie coordonnée à l'autre voie, par exemple au moyen d'un élément additionneur, les premiers dispositifs à retard (422, 436) ayant des retards différents pour conférer des retards τ1, τ2 mutuellement différents, par rapport à l'impulsion de son direct, aux deux réflexions de réverbération simulées.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un deuxième dispositif à retard (426, 440), avec un retard de τo, est connecté en série avec le filtre d'atténuation (428, 442) entre le premier dispositif à retard (422, 436) et la borne de sortie (408, 410).
12. Dispositif selon une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que, pour produire une réflexion de réverbération monophonique, les deux bornes d'entrée (404, 406) sont reliées à un premier dispositif à retard (452, 456) commun, dont la sortie est reliée, à travers des filtres atténuateurs (H, B, V), une dérivation de ligne (460) et des éléments additionneurs (amplificateurs de point nodal 408, 410), aux deux bornes de sortie (408, 410), et le retard est supérieur d'au moins 2 ms au retard de deux premiers dispositifs à retard (422, 436) qui participent à la génération d'impulsions pour simuler des réflexions de réverbération arrivant apparemment depuis le côté chez l'auditeur.
EP81103539A 1980-05-09 1981-05-08 Dispositif pour la reproduction par écouteurs d'un enregistrement sonore Expired EP0040739B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3017854 1980-05-09
DE3017854 1980-05-09
DE3112874A DE3112874C2 (de) 1980-05-09 1981-03-31 Verfahren zur Signalaufbereitung für die Wiedergabe einer Tonaufnahme über Kopfhörer und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE3112874 1981-03-31

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EP0040739A1 EP0040739A1 (fr) 1981-12-02
EP0040739B1 true EP0040739B1 (fr) 1987-08-26

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JP3657120B2 (ja) * 1998-07-30 2005-06-08 株式会社アーニス・サウンド・テクノロジーズ 左，右両耳用のオーディオ信号を音像定位させるための処理方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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AT394650B (de) * 1988-10-24 1992-05-25 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Elektroakustische anordnung zur wiedergabe stereophoner binauraler audiosignale ueber kopfhoerer

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DE3112874A1 (de) 1982-02-18
DE3112874C2 (de) 1983-12-15
US4589128A (en) 1986-05-13
DE3176396D1 (en) 1987-10-01
EP0040739A1 (fr) 1981-12-02

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