EP0040885A1 - Méthode pour le contrôle non-destructif de tuiles ou autres articles en béton ou en céramique - Google Patents

Méthode pour le contrôle non-destructif de tuiles ou autres articles en béton ou en céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040885A1
EP0040885A1 EP81200549A EP81200549A EP0040885A1 EP 0040885 A1 EP0040885 A1 EP 0040885A1 EP 81200549 A EP81200549 A EP 81200549A EP 81200549 A EP81200549 A EP 81200549A EP 0040885 A1 EP0040885 A1 EP 0040885A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
articles
roofing
production line
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81200549A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jean Joseph Marie Offermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braas GmbH
Redland Tiles Ltd
Redland-Braas-Bredero Europa (rbb) Bv
Original Assignee
Braas GmbH
Redland Tiles Ltd
Redland-Braas-Bredero Europa (rbb) Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Braas GmbH, Redland Tiles Ltd, Redland-Braas-Bredero Europa (rbb) Bv filed Critical Braas GmbH
Publication of EP0040885A1 publication Critical patent/EP0040885A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0072—Product control or inspection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/04—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds moved in succession past one or more shaping stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
    • G07C3/14—Quality control systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the inspection of concrete or ceramic roofing-tiles or other articles being substantially flat but profiled and manufactured in a continuous production line.
  • the inspected samples are tested on their strength destructively but also the articles being not tested on strength but on other properties one may generally consider as being lost.
  • Said deviations may also be of such a kind that the properties are only slightly effected adversely for example a too high thickness by which it is a question of material wastage.
  • the production of the articles is usual carried out automatically and at deviations it always deals with high numbers of articles having said wrong properties.
  • the invention has the object to improve the known method by inspecting non-destructively each article or each n th article in the production line and to store the measured data. In this way it is possible to intervene early in the production by which the number of articles not meeting the specified requirements are kept as low as possible.
  • the inspection can be carried out statically and/or dynamically.
  • a static inspection each n article is removed from the production line inspected in static condition and fed back to an empty position in the production line.
  • each article or each n th article is inspected in the production line itself. Thus, the articles are not removed from the production line.
  • a roofing-tile press 2 implemented as extrusion device is filled with concrete mortar pressed through the extrusion mouth.
  • the extrusion opening is bounded at the lower side by the advanced bottom molds 1.
  • the cavities in the bottom molds 1 are filled up with concrete mortar.
  • a slurry is fed onto the top surface of the molded roofing-tiles 4 and at 5 a granulate is supplied.
  • the roofing-tiles 4 being wet yet are transported further in the bottom molds.
  • roofing-tiles 4 with the bottom molds 1 are stacked in racks and advanced into a drying device not shown.
  • the dry roofing-tiles 4 still in the bottom molds 1 come back again to the production line.
  • the cured roofing-tiles 4 are lifted from the bottom molds 1 and advanced on a conveyor 7 to a packing device (not shown).
  • the empty bottom molds 1 are fed back to the roofing-tile press 2.
  • a device 8 in which they are sprayed with molding oil.
  • the roofing-tiles can be inspected at different locations and on different quantities.
  • the inspection can be static or dynamic.
  • the roofing-tile remains in the production line and the inspection must be carried out in a time period determined by the speed of the production and moreover, a moving article must be inspected.
  • the spacing between the measuring location of the thickness of the wet roofing-tiles immediately after the extrusion and the supply of empty molds before the roofing-tile press is known both in measure and in number of roofing-tiles respectively molds.
  • the thickness of the molds - which may be vary by gradual wear - can be measured at said location - thus before the roofing-tile press - .
  • Said thickness is stored in a memo-register and processed in measuring mold with roofing-tile.
  • the memo-register is reloaded continuously with a measuring number (at the left hand and right hand measured at the edge), whereas the processed number is cleared.
  • the storage of the thickness of the roofing-tile may be continuous, but deviations exceeding a predetermined - preadjusted - tolerance can be signalized for immediate action. For example, red light: too high thickness and yellow light: too thin.
  • each cured roofing-tile is tested stationary, at least the roofing-tile is removed from the production line.
  • said static inspection takes place behind the device 6 and after the roofing-tiles 4 are separated from the bottom molds 1, for example at the location A.
  • a device to be used therefore is schematically shown in fig. 2.
  • the device shown in fig. 2 consists of two towers 9 and 10 alongside and above the transporter and therebetween the measuring table 11.
  • the n th roofing-tile 4 to be inspected statically actuates an elevator in the tower 9 when the roofing-tile is positioned in the tower 9. Said elevator moves the roofing-tile 4 stepwise upwards until the top level is reached. Then, a reciprocating plunjer 12 is activated shifting the n th roofing-tile 4 onto the measuring table 11. Simultaneously, an arm 13 having a paw 14 moving with the plunjer shifts the roofing tile already inspected to the tower 10 in which an elevator is provided moving stepwise and downwards the roofing-tile and moving it back to an empty place on the conveyor 7. At retrac ting the plunjer 12 the paw 14 tilts and is inactive.
  • the roofing-tile is stationary on the measuring table 11.
  • the ro6fing-tiles which need not to be inspected are normally advanced further on the conveyor 7.
  • the roofing-tile to be inspected is pointed out by a counter and a photo-cell.
  • n roofing-tile Dependent on the adjustment each n roofing-tile is removed from the production line and supplied.
  • the roofing-tiles 4 advance with a high velocity (1,0 - 1,2 m/sec.) on the conveyor 7 the roofing-tile 4 arrived in the tower 9 should be taken from the production line with the high speed.
  • measuring sensors not shown will measure the width at two locations and transmit said width as a signal to the storage apparatus.
  • the thickness is measured and also transmitted by a measuring sensor of the shear type. Said measurement of thickness is also effected at two locations.
  • the weight of the roofing-tile is measured by means of pressure boxes on which the respective strips seat.
  • the strength of the roofing-tiles is measured with an ultrasonic measurement, in which a transmitter beneath the roofing-tile contacts the roofing-tile through a conductive medium, for example water, and at the upper side a receiver receives in the same way the measuring signal.
  • a conductive medium for example water
  • the roofing-tile is shifted to an equal lift belt in the tower 10. Simultaneously with the rising lift belt, said lift belt moves downwards so that the roofing tile is placed on the conveyor belt 7 where before a roofing-tile is lifted from.
  • the available measuring time is dependent on the number of sampling, for example with each 20th roofing-tile this is 10 sec. gross. With each 10th roofing-tile this is 5 sec. gross.
  • each roofing-tile (or each second or third roofing-tile) is inspected which is too rapid for the apparatus of the static method.
  • the roofing-tiles to be measured advance with a conformable movement in this case 1.00 a 1,20 m/sec. by means of a conveyor belt in the direction of the packing station.
  • the roofing-tiles are separated from their molds and are supplied with a maximum velocity of 1,20 m/sec and a minimum spacing of 100 mm between the roofing-tiles.
  • the measurement of width (at two locations of the roofing-tile simultaneously or after each other) will preferably be carried out on a conveyor belt being approximately 100 mm narrower than the roofing-tile to be measured.
  • the roofing-tile is positioned correctly for the measurement by means of an adjusted guide.
  • the side-guide of the roofing-tile on the belt is open such that the measurement may be effected freely and non-obstructed.
  • the measurement of width may be carried out by a mechanic sensor on predetermined locations, in which the switch on is provided by a photo-cell eventually coupled with a counter.
  • an inclined arrangement can be chosen for measuring only the upper edge.
  • the measurement of length may be implemented optically in the same way, in which the location of measurement is preferably at'the valley (thus the lowest portion of the roofing- tiles surface), i.e. at two locations simultaneously or after each other. Mechanical measurement of length is more difficult here by the fact that the roofing-tile is advanced in the measuring direction.
  • the measuring sensor would assume the same displacement velocity as the roofing-tile along a specified path this is possible in a mechanical way.
  • a roofing-tile must be advanced on cables (thus free accessible from below), on which said roofing-tile moves with a velocity of 1,00 à 1,20 m/sec.
  • the measurement of thickness is also carried out when it is advanced on cables.
  • the weight of the roofing-tile can be determined by means of a weighing belt. Said weighing belt is accommodated in the cable conveyor such that the roofing-tile is free delivered from the cables. The length of the weighing belt is maximally 100 mm longer than the roofing-tile to be weighed.
  • the weighing operation of the roofing-tile with belt should be carried out such that the horizontal forces are eliminated. Therefore the weighing belt is supported on pressure boxes the centre of which is at the level of the roofing-tile. Moreover, the weighing belt should be supported against horizontal movements, whereas vertical movements must be not obstructed.
  • the strength of the roofing-tiles should be measured non-des- structive. As a method therefore it is thought of measurements with ultrasound, in which the measuring heads above and beneath the roofing-tile transmit respectively measure through a suitable medium, for example water, a sound signal representing as reference the structure. From comparing measurements with destructive tests of strength said dimensionless reference cipher may be translated into real strength ciphers.
  • a further important inspection comprises the establishment whether the roofing-tile is provided with the necessary suspension cams.
  • Said cams are constituted by cavities in the bottom molds 1. When for example the spraying device 7 has delivered too much molding oil said cavity is partly filled up with oil and a correct cam cannot be molded. A cam can also break off during the molding and transport.
  • Said cams can be missing at the left hand or right hand.
  • a simple method for ascertaining whether the left hand cam is present comprises the step of urging the roofing-tile downwards at said location. If the left hand cam is lacking the roofing-tile tilts up at the right hand. This may be determined by a switch or photo cell. This is also in force for the right hand cam.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
EP81200549A 1980-05-22 1981-05-21 Méthode pour le contrôle non-destructif de tuiles ou autres articles en béton ou en céramique Withdrawn EP0040885A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8002968 1980-05-22
NL8002968A NL8002968A (nl) 1980-05-22 1980-05-22 Werkwijze voor het niet-destructief keuren van betonnen of keramische dakpannen of andere voorwerpen.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0040885A1 true EP0040885A1 (fr) 1981-12-02

Family

ID=19835345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81200549A Withdrawn EP0040885A1 (fr) 1980-05-22 1981-05-21 Méthode pour le contrôle non-destructif de tuiles ou autres articles en béton ou en céramique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0040885A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL8002968A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2144386A (en) * 1983-06-23 1985-03-06 Vs Engineering Limited Method and apparatus for use in production lines
EP0132312A3 (fr) * 1983-06-23 1986-06-11 V.S. Engineering Limited Méthode et dispositif destinés à être utilisé sur des chaínes de production

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE593018C (de) * 1933-08-19 1934-02-20 Vorm Georg Dorst A G Maschf Maschine zum selbsttaetigen Sortieren keramischer Platten
US3666093A (en) * 1970-08-18 1972-05-30 Forrest Paschal Machinery Co Apparatus for sensing and ejecting bricks of improper size
FR2226220A1 (fr) * 1973-04-19 1974-11-15 Villeroy & Boch
DE2333164A1 (de) * 1973-06-29 1975-04-03 Keller & Co C Einrichtung zum aussortieren von bestimmten, z. b. beschaedigten gegenstaenden wie ziegelsteine u. dgl. aus einer ziegelreihe
US3941686A (en) * 1975-03-27 1976-03-02 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Inspection machine memory
DE2809803A1 (de) * 1977-03-07 1978-09-21 Costantini Vorrichtung zur klassifizierung und/oder auswertung der farbtoenung von kacheln und/oder fliesen
DE2907700A1 (de) * 1978-03-02 1979-09-06 Gustavsberg Ab Aggregat zum automatischen sortieren gebrannter ziegelsteine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE593018C (de) * 1933-08-19 1934-02-20 Vorm Georg Dorst A G Maschf Maschine zum selbsttaetigen Sortieren keramischer Platten
US3666093A (en) * 1970-08-18 1972-05-30 Forrest Paschal Machinery Co Apparatus for sensing and ejecting bricks of improper size
FR2226220A1 (fr) * 1973-04-19 1974-11-15 Villeroy & Boch
DE2333164A1 (de) * 1973-06-29 1975-04-03 Keller & Co C Einrichtung zum aussortieren von bestimmten, z. b. beschaedigten gegenstaenden wie ziegelsteine u. dgl. aus einer ziegelreihe
US3941686A (en) * 1975-03-27 1976-03-02 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Inspection machine memory
DE2809803A1 (de) * 1977-03-07 1978-09-21 Costantini Vorrichtung zur klassifizierung und/oder auswertung der farbtoenung von kacheln und/oder fliesen
DE2907700A1 (de) * 1978-03-02 1979-09-06 Gustavsberg Ab Aggregat zum automatischen sortieren gebrannter ziegelsteine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2144386A (en) * 1983-06-23 1985-03-06 Vs Engineering Limited Method and apparatus for use in production lines
EP0132312A3 (fr) * 1983-06-23 1986-06-11 V.S. Engineering Limited Méthode et dispositif destinés à être utilisé sur des chaínes de production

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL8002968A (nl) 1981-12-16

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Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820526

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19840112

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: OFFERMANN, JEAN JOSEPH MARIE