EP0041078A2 - Four à plasma fonctionnant avec des mélanges de gaz - Google Patents

Four à plasma fonctionnant avec des mélanges de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041078A2
EP0041078A2 EP80108157A EP80108157A EP0041078A2 EP 0041078 A2 EP0041078 A2 EP 0041078A2 EP 80108157 A EP80108157 A EP 80108157A EP 80108157 A EP80108157 A EP 80108157A EP 0041078 A2 EP0041078 A2 EP 0041078A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
plasma torch
plasma
additional
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80108157A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0041078B1 (fr
EP0041078A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Dipl. Ing. Spiegelberg
Herbert Hoffmann
Helmfried Jeske
Alexander Kolm
Fred Dipl. Ing. Ebeling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cambio Ragione Sociale sachsische Edelstahlwerke G
Original Assignee
Edelstahlwerk 8 Mai 1945 Freital VEB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Edelstahlwerk 8 Mai 1945 Freital VEB filed Critical Edelstahlwerk 8 Mai 1945 Freital VEB
Publication of EP0041078A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041078A2/fr
Publication of EP0041078A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041078A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041078B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041078B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3405—Arrangements for stabilising or constricting the arc, e.g. by an additional gas flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to the melting of metals and alloys in plasma melting furnaces, in which high-power plasma torches are used.
  • the high-performance plasma melting torches previously used for melting or remelting metallic materials use technically pure argon as the working gas.
  • This working gas ensures on the one hand the protection of the highly heated tungsten cathode inside the burner against burn-off and essentially determines the composition of the furnace atmosphere above the melting material and thus the basic electrical parameters of the plasma column, such as the voltage gradient along the column, the arc voltage and the arc temperature of the plasma column. This resulted in considerations of influencing these electrical arc parameters by adding diatomic gases, e.g. increasing the burner output at constant current by increasing arc voltages or influencing the melting process by including chemical reactions between the melting material and a furnace chamber atmosphere specifically set via the working gas mixture.
  • the aim of the invention is to create a plasma burner operated by means of gas mixtures, which works safely at high power.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a plasma torch that allows additional gases of different types to be supplied to the plasma arc, in order to determine the electrical arc characteristics and, on the other hand, the chemical flow via the composition of the furnace chamber atmosphere in connection with the high plasma arc temperature To allow reactions between the melting material and the furnace space atmosphere or the melting material, its slag covering and the furnace space atmosphere to take place without neglecting the necessary protection of the highly heated tungsten rod cathode against inadmissible cathode erosion.
  • the additional gas is supplied to the plasma torch by means of a ring line from which the gas line pipes lead through the interior of the plasma torch.
  • the gas line pipes are arranged symmetrically on a pitch circle around the nozzle opening and inclined at an angle of 35 to 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the plasma torch.
  • the interface between the plasma arc and additional gas is advantageously at a distance of 25.0 to 45.0 mm in front of the surface of the rod-shaped cathode.
  • the choice of the additional gas depends on the intended gas influence on the melting process.
  • Molecular gases such as hydrogen or nitrogen are selected to increase the voltage gradient along the plasma arc column and thus to increase the performance of the plasma arc with a constant arc current without chemical reaction with the melting material. If a targeted course of chemical reaction of the additional gas with the melting material is to be achieved, oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures are used as the additional gas. Insert bodies can be arranged in the openings of the additional gas outlet in order to achieve a higher speed of the additional gas.
  • the accompanying drawing shows a partial longitudinal section of the plasma torch according to the invention: At the connection-side end of the plasma torch known from the basic principle, a ring line 1, on which the gas connection stub 2 is located, is arranged in the area of the cooling water inlet 4.
  • a series of gas line pipes 3 lead along the water cooling gap 5 into the interior of the plasma torch.
  • the additional gas reaches the nozzle opening 10 of the copper nozzle 6 via the additional gas outlet 9.
  • the openings of the additional gas outlets 9 are designed to be inclined to a pitch circle of 35 to 45 ° symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the plasma torch to the nozzle opening 10. In this way it is achieved that the interface between plasma arc and additional gas in one Ab stood from 25.0 to 45.0 mm in front of the surface of the rod-shaped cathode 7, so that no erosion occurs.
  • the cathode 7 itself is cooled via the cathode block 8 and is protected by the argon flow, which is not influenced by the additional gas at this point.
  • the choice of the type of additional gas and the amount of gas are determined by the intended influence of gas on the melting process.
  • Molecular gases that do not form any chemical compounds, such as hydrogen or nitrogen, with the melting material, for example steel, are selected for the purpose of increasing the voltage gradient along the plasma arc column and thus increasing the performance of the plasma arc with a constant arc current.
  • additive gases of a suitable composition are selected.
  • Oxygen or O 2 -containing gas mixtures are used to carry out the fresh process.
  • the amount of additional gas supplied to the plasma torch is determined by the intended use and adjusted via the gas pressure. To achieve sufficient gas velocities at the additional gas outlets 9, the cross sections of these openings can be varied by arranging insert bodies (not shown in the drawing).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP80108157A 1980-05-30 1980-12-23 Four à plasma fonctionnant avec des mélanges de gaz Expired EP0041078B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD221458 1980-05-30
DD80221458A DD151401A1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Mittels gasgemischen betriebener plasmabrenner

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041078A2 true EP0041078A2 (fr) 1981-12-09
EP0041078A3 EP0041078A3 (en) 1982-08-11
EP0041078B1 EP0041078B1 (fr) 1986-03-12

Family

ID=5524427

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80108157A Expired EP0041078B1 (fr) 1980-05-30 1980-12-23 Four à plasma fonctionnant avec des mélanges de gaz

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4469932A (fr)
EP (1) EP0041078B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5734699A (fr)
AT (1) ATE18621T1 (fr)
DD (1) DD151401A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3071496D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES267303Y (fr)
YU (1) YU332980A (fr)

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US4572942A (en) * 1982-08-03 1986-02-25 Church John G Gas-metal-arc welding process
FI905886A7 (fi) * 1989-03-31 1990-11-29 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Inst Plasmakäsittelymenetelmä ja -laite
US5093602A (en) * 1989-11-17 1992-03-03 Charged Injection Corporation Methods and apparatus for dispersing a fluent material utilizing an electron beam
US5088997A (en) * 1990-03-15 1992-02-18 Valleylab, Inc. Gas coagulation device
US5208448A (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-05-04 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma torch nozzle with improved cooling gas flow
US5686050A (en) * 1992-10-09 1997-11-11 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Method and apparatus for the electrostatic charging of a web or film
US5387842A (en) * 1993-05-28 1995-02-07 The University Of Tennessee Research Corp. Steady-state, glow discharge plasma
US5669583A (en) * 1994-06-06 1997-09-23 University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Method and apparatus for covering bodies with a uniform glow discharge plasma and applications thereof
US5938854A (en) * 1993-05-28 1999-08-17 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Method and apparatus for cleaning surfaces with a glow discharge plasma at one atmosphere of pressure
US5955174A (en) * 1995-03-28 1999-09-21 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Composite of pleated and nonwoven webs
CA2197978A1 (fr) 1995-06-19 1996-12-20 Paul D. Spence Methodes et electrodes de decharge pour production de plasmas a une pression d'une atmosphere et materiaux ainsi traites
US5852927A (en) * 1995-08-15 1998-12-29 Cohn; Daniel R. Integrated plasmatron-turbine system for the production and utilization of hydrogen-rich gas
US5887554A (en) * 1996-01-19 1999-03-30 Cohn; Daniel R. Rapid response plasma fuel converter systems
AU7823300A (en) 1999-06-08 2001-01-31 Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc Plasma reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel vapor to produce synthesis gas and/or hydrogen gas
US20030047146A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-03-13 Daniel Michael J. Plasmatron-internal combustion engine system having an independent electrical power source
US7014930B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2006-03-21 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer to generate multiple reformate gases
US6959542B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-11-01 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer to regenerate a DPNR device
US6976353B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-12-20 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer to provide reformate gas to both a fuel cell and an emission abatement device
US7021048B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2006-04-04 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Combination emission abatement assembly and method of operating the same
US6651597B2 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-11-25 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Plasmatron having an air jacket and method for operating the same
AU2003228608A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-11-10 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for regenerating a particulate filter of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine
US20040020447A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-05 William Taylor Method and apparatus for advancing air into a fuel reformer by use of an engine vacuum
US20040020188A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-05 Kramer Dennis A. Method and apparatus for generating pressurized air by use of reformate gas from a fuel reformer
US20040020191A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-05 Kramer Dennis A. Method and apparatus for advancing air into a fuel reformer by use of a turbocharger
DE10393043T5 (de) * 2002-08-12 2005-08-04 Arvin Technologies, Inc., Troy Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern des Sauerstoff/Kohlenstoff-Verhältnisses eines Kraftstoff-Reformers
US20040050345A1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-03-18 Bauer Shawn D. Fuel reformer control system and method
US6758035B2 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-07-06 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for purging SOX from a NOX trap
US20040052693A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-03-18 Crane Samuel N. Apparatus and method for removing NOx from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine
US6702991B1 (en) 2002-11-12 2004-03-09 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing power consumption of a plasma fuel reformer
US6715452B1 (en) 2002-11-13 2004-04-06 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for shutting down a fuel reformer
US6903259B2 (en) * 2002-12-06 2005-06-07 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Thermoelectric device for use with fuel reformer and associated method
US6843054B2 (en) * 2003-01-16 2005-01-18 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for removing NOx and soot from engine exhaust gas
US20040139730A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-22 William Taylor Method and apparatus for directing exhaust gas and reductant fluid in an emission abatement system
US20040144030A1 (en) * 2003-01-23 2004-07-29 Smaling Rudolf M. Torch ignited partial oxidation fuel reformer and method of operating the same
US6851398B2 (en) * 2003-02-13 2005-02-08 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling a fuel reformer by use of existing vehicle control signals
US20040216378A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-04 Smaling Rudolf M Plasma fuel reformer having a shaped catalytic substrate positioned in the reaction chamber thereof and method for operating the same
US7244281B2 (en) * 2003-10-24 2007-07-17 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for trapping and purging soot from a fuel reformer
US7285247B2 (en) * 2003-10-24 2007-10-23 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer so as to purge soot therefrom
US7776280B2 (en) * 2005-05-10 2010-08-17 Emcon Technologies Llc Method and apparatus for selective catalytic reduction of NOx
US7698887B2 (en) * 2005-06-17 2010-04-20 Emcon Technologies Llc Method and apparatus for determining local emissions loading of emissions trap
US20060283176A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Arvinmeritor Emissions Technologies Gmbh Method and apparatus for regenerating a NOx trap and a particulate trap
US20070095053A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for emissions trap regeneration
US8529249B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2013-09-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Flame holder system
US9296061B2 (en) 2013-02-06 2016-03-29 Messer Cutting Systems Inc. Systems and methods for thermally working a workpiece
US9984860B1 (en) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-29 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Apparatus and method for augmenting the volume of atmospheric pressure plasma jets

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US3106631A (en) * 1961-04-21 1963-10-08 Union Carbide Corp Arc torch device
US3534388A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-10-13 Hitachi Ltd Plasma jet cutting process
US3604889A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-09-14 North American Rockwell Plasma-generating method and means
US3865173A (en) * 1969-05-08 1975-02-11 North American Rockwell Art of casting metals
JPS5220425B1 (fr) * 1969-09-04 1977-06-03
US3900762A (en) * 1971-07-06 1975-08-19 Sheer Korman Associates Method and apparatus for projecting materials into an arc discharge
JPS4834045A (fr) * 1971-09-06 1973-05-15
JPS5335544B2 (fr) * 1972-07-18 1978-09-27
JPS5116379B2 (fr) * 1973-07-20 1976-05-24
GB1487926A (en) * 1976-10-06 1977-10-05 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Plasma arc torch operating method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE18621T1 (de) 1986-03-15
EP0041078B1 (fr) 1986-03-12
ES267303Y (es) 1983-09-16
DE3071496D1 (en) 1986-04-17
US4469932A (en) 1984-09-04
EP0041078A3 (en) 1982-08-11
YU332980A (en) 1983-12-31
JPS5734699A (en) 1982-02-25
DD151401A1 (de) 1981-10-14
ES267303U (es) 1983-03-16

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