EP0043604A1 - Commutateur temporisé - Google Patents

Commutateur temporisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0043604A1
EP0043604A1 EP81200626A EP81200626A EP0043604A1 EP 0043604 A1 EP0043604 A1 EP 0043604A1 EP 81200626 A EP81200626 A EP 81200626A EP 81200626 A EP81200626 A EP 81200626A EP 0043604 A1 EP0043604 A1 EP 0043604A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
switching pin
switch
memory alloy
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81200626A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Olivier Dr. Mercier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of EP0043604A1 publication Critical patent/EP0043604A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H43/00—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed
    • H01H43/30—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action
    • H01H43/301—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • H01H43/302—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action based on the expansion or contraction of a material of solid bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H01H2061/0115—Shape memory alloy [SMA] actuator formed by coil spring

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a timer according to the preamble of the claim.
  • Thermal timers have long been known (DE-PS 705 383, DE-OS.25 44 758). They mostly work on the principle of a bimetal strip or any expansion element, which changes its shape as a function of temperature after a certain time, which is determined by the thermal and electrical characteristics. In this way the device is activated which switches the circuit on or off.
  • Shape memory alloys per se are also known from numerous publications, which should not be listed again here specifically.
  • the main types are Ni / Ti / Cu, Cu / Al / Ni and Cu / Zn / Al.
  • the following table shows the physical properties of such memory alloys and compared to those of the bimetal strip Fe / Ni.
  • the conventional timers are characterized by the fact that the active element (bimetal strip or body that expands under the influence of temperature) changes its shape very little when there are changes in temperature, and this change also takes place continuously. This makes the switches bulky and expensive, and the mechanisms determining the switch-on time can only be carried out with great difficulty. Due to the absence of a temperature Hysteresis of the active element requires an additional mechanism to ensure that the switch is switched on and off clearly. There is therefore a great need to improve and simplify timers over conventional designs.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a timer that allows inexpensive manufacture with the simplest possible structure and the highest level of accuracy and operational reliability.
  • Fig. 1 the structure of the timer in the basic position is shown schematically in principle.
  • l are the current supply terminals' for the mains connection (direct and alternating current network), the fixed contacts 2 and 3, the movable contact of a circuit breaker, such as a lamp is fed as a load 4 via the.
  • the circuit In the basic position, the circuit is open. 5 represent the fixed contacts and 6 the movable contact piece of an auxiliary switch which feeds the element 8, consisting of a memory alloy and a counter spring, via a series resistor.
  • the switch pins 10 and 11 for actuating the circuit breaker or auxiliary switch are seated on a traverse 9, so 12 is the push button for brief (fraction of a second) actuation and 13 the associated switch pin.
  • Fig. 2 shows the same switch arrangement as Fig. 1, j-but at the moment of brief actuation of the push button 12, which presses the movable contact piece 3 to the fixed contacts 2 of the circuit breaker via the switching pin 13. As a result, the circuit is closed and the consumer 4 and the element 8 are switched on.
  • the remaining reference numerals correspond to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the switch structure with the circuits after setting the memory effect.
  • the switching pins 10 and 11 are raised, so that the movable contact piece 3 of the circuit breaker is pressed against the fixed contacts 2, whereas the movable contact piece 6 of the auxiliary switch is lifted off the fixed contacts 5.
  • the push button 12 with its switching pin 13 has fallen off.
  • the circuit through the consumer 4 remains closed.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of the element 8 of Fig. 1 in the basic position (low temperature).
  • This combined element consists of a compression spring 14 made of a shape memory alloy, which is capable of the two-way effect, and of a counter spring 15 designed as a tension spring.
  • the two springs are each connected via a fixed plate 16 arranged below and an upper movable plate 17.
  • the springs 14 and 15 can also be made in a different way, e.g. be arranged coaxially to each other.
  • the force "F” exerted by this combination, which acts at point "A" is indicated by an arrow pointing upwards.
  • FIG. 5 shows the combined element according to FIG. 4 in the position which results after the memory effect has been set. Due to the force exerted by the compression spring 14 on the movable plate 17, the point originally resting in "A” is now in "A '' '. The corresponding stroke” s "is indicated in the drawing by arrowheads.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a combination ten element consisting of a spiral spring 18 made of a shape memory alloy and a tension spring designed as a tension spring 19 in the basic position (low temperature).
  • the spiral spring 18 is totally clamped in the fixed piece 20, while the counter spring 19 is hooked into the fixed eyelet 21 at its lower end.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the combined element according to FIG. 6 in the position after setting the memory effect (high temperature).
  • the spiral spring 18 is curved upwards, so that its free end, on which the tension spring 19 engages, is increased by the stroke "s" compared to the basic position.
  • the circuit breaker 2, 3 In the basic position, the circuit breaker 2, 3 is open and no current flows.
  • the element 8 consisting. a spring made of memory alloy and a normal counter spring is at a temperature corresponding to the martensitic low-temperature phase, which is below the transition temperature M s .
  • the push button 12 By briefly pressing (fraction of a second) the push button 12, the fixed contacts 2 of the circuit breaker are bridged by means of the movable contact piece 3 and the consumer 4 is connected to the mains.
  • a current flows through the closed contacts 5 of the auxiliary switch and through the series resistor 7; which heats the element 8 either directly or indirectly within 100-500nsec-.
  • the transition temperature is exceeded, the memory alloy tilts into the austenitic high-temperature phase, where it suddenly undergoes a considerable change in length.
  • the element 8 expands in its longitudinal direction and pushes the switching pins 10 and 11 vertically upward via the crossmember 9.
  • the temperature of element 8 has reached a value of 120-200 ° C, for example.
  • the switching pin 10 presses the movable contact piece 3 of the circuit breaker against the contacts 2 and thus ensures that the power supply to the consumer 4 is maintained even after the pushbutton 12 has dropped off.
  • the switching pin 11 opens the auxiliary switch and interrupts the power supply to the element 8. Further heating stops and the cooling process begins.
  • the transition temperature eg approx.
  • the element 8 contracts suddenly, with the switching pins 10 and 11 being pulled down over the crossmember 9.
  • the movable contact piece 3 of the circuit breaker drops and interrupts the circuit.
  • the contacts 5 of the auxiliary switch are closed.
  • the starting position (basic position) according to FIG. 1 is thus restored.
  • the cooling process takes, for example, in the present case, however, approximately 200 sec "can transition temperature, spring characteristics of the element 8 is set within certain limits by the physical data such as heat capacity, etc..
  • the element 8 according to FIG. 1 essentially consisted of a compression spring 14 made of a memory alloy and a counter connected in parallel spring 15 (tension spring).
  • the memory spring compression spring has the following characteristics:
  • a resistance value of 3.3 ⁇ was chosen for the series resistor 7 (FIG. 1).
  • the mains voltage was 220 V ⁇
  • the heating-up time for the compression spring 14 until the memory effect was set was 100 msec.
  • the spontaneous change in length (stroke "s") was 10 mm, the point "A” being raised under the influence of a force of 5 N to the point "A '".
  • the value of 5 N relates to the excess force which, after deducting the force of the counter spring, was still available on average for actuating the switch.
  • the temperature of the compression spring 14 was approximately 120 ° C.
  • the time to reach the transition point of approximately 60 ° C. was 200 seconds. This time is determined by the cooling time plus the time which is necessary to supply the energy which brings about the conversion into the martensitic structure of the compression spring 14.
  • the element 8 according to FIG. 1 essentially consisted of a spiral spring 18 made of a memory alloy with an insulated electrical heating element glued on and a counter spring 19 (tension spring).
  • the spiral spring made of a memory alloy has the following characteristics:
  • the mains voltage was 220 V ⁇
  • the heating time for the spiral spring 18 until the memory effect was set to 500 msec.
  • the spontaneous change in length (stroke "s") was 5 mm
  • the mean excess force after deducting the force of the counter spring was 5 N.
  • the temperature of the spiral spring 18 when the memory effect was set was 200 ° C.
  • the corresponding temperature was 120 ° C.
  • the device according to the invention made it possible to simplify the construction of timers where complicated mechanisms such as clockwork and the like are unnecessary. Thanks to the significant amplitude of the movement and the force of the memory effect as well as the hysteresis in function of the temperature, an accurate and reliable working of the device is guaranteed and maintenance is reduced.

Landscapes

  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
EP81200626A 1980-07-08 1981-06-09 Commutateur temporisé Withdrawn EP0043604A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH520680A CH627876A5 (de) 1980-07-08 1980-07-08 Zeitschalter.
CH5206/80 1980-07-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0043604A1 true EP0043604A1 (fr) 1982-01-13

Family

ID=4289705

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81200626A Withdrawn EP0043604A1 (fr) 1980-07-08 1981-06-09 Commutateur temporisé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4371791A (fr)
EP (1) EP0043604A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5744934A (fr)
CH (1) CH627876A5 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3842171A1 (de) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-28 Barlian Reinhold Verzoegerungsrelais

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6010299U (ja) * 1983-06-30 1985-01-24 クロイ電機株式会社 螢光灯点灯装置
JPH0654093B2 (ja) * 1985-03-12 1994-07-20 マツダ株式会社 排気タ−ボ過給機付エンジン
US5160917A (en) * 1990-06-14 1992-11-03 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Energy beam position detector
US5105178A (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-04-14 Krumme John F Over-current/over-temperature protection device
FR2715763B1 (fr) * 1994-02-01 1996-03-29 Gec Alsthom T D Inc Mécanisme d'actionnement d'une chambre de coupure de protection.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725835A (en) * 1970-07-20 1973-04-03 J Hopkins Memory material actuator devices
US3959691A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-05-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motor protector

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3193711A (en) * 1962-01-18 1965-07-06 Collins Radio Co Step-start circuit
US3371254A (en) * 1965-10-01 1968-02-27 Harold T. Hagfors Safety control system
US3725644A (en) * 1972-04-11 1973-04-03 Barber Colman Co Input switch for reversing the sense of an amplifier in a single loop heating-cooking system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725835A (en) * 1970-07-20 1973-04-03 J Hopkins Memory material actuator devices
US3959691A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-05-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motor protector

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3842171A1 (de) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-28 Barlian Reinhold Verzoegerungsrelais

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5744934A (en) 1982-03-13
US4371791A (en) 1983-02-01
CH627876A5 (de) 1982-01-29

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820426

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19831122

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: MERCIER, OLIVIER, DR.