EP0044830A1 - Procede utilisant une pompe de chaleur pour concentrer des fluides - Google Patents

Procede utilisant une pompe de chaleur pour concentrer des fluides

Info

Publication number
EP0044830A1
EP0044830A1 EP80900842A EP80900842A EP0044830A1 EP 0044830 A1 EP0044830 A1 EP 0044830A1 EP 80900842 A EP80900842 A EP 80900842A EP 80900842 A EP80900842 A EP 80900842A EP 0044830 A1 EP0044830 A1 EP 0044830A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
evaporator
fluid
condenser
conduit
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80900842A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald F. Humiston
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0044830A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044830A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat pump process and apparatus which is applicable to the concentration of fluids, distillation and desalination, power generation and cooling of discharges from nuclear and thermal electrical generating plants and the like.
  • O ⁇ _PI Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel process and apparatus for the concen ⁇ tration of solutions, production of distilled or desalinate water, and the production of electrical power from an energ source consisting of the temperature differentials between two water sources such as the ocean where the surface of th ocean is considerably warmer than the cold sub-surface water.
  • Another object is to provide a means wherein the process and apparatus is capable of producing enough electr energy to sustain its own operation as well as producing excess electrical energy over that required to sustain its own operation by utilizing the mass flow of water vapors between the evaporator and the condenser of the apparatus t drive a prime mover which is connected to an electrical generator.
  • a further object is to provide such a process and appa ratus with means to bring fluids into contact with the process and apparatus and further a means of removing the fluids after concentrating and excess electrical energy fro the process and apparatus.
  • the concentration apparatus includes a heat exchanger in thermal contact with a warm water source.
  • a means supplies the solution to be concen ⁇ trated to the heat exchanger.
  • a liquid level control means maintains the ' level of the solution above the heat exchanger by controlling the inlet fluid valve thus establishing an evaporator section in the apparatus.
  • a particle separation chamber is disposed in conduit means connecting the particle separation chamber means with a condenser means.
  • a prime mover is interposed into the said conduit means with an electrical generator means coupled to the said prime mover means to convert the power generated by the said prime mover means to electrical energy. Cooling, or condensing water from the cold water source is directed to the said condenser means.
  • An electrical control means directs the output of the said electrical generator means to the various pumps and controls of the apparatus and directs any excess electrical energy for external usage.
  • a vacuum pump means initially reduces the pressure in the apparatus to the saturation pressure of the warm water source or to further remove any non-condensable vapors from the apparatus during operation.
  • a density control means senses the density of the fluid in the evaporator.
  • a pump means and a valve means directs the fluid from the evaporator from the apparatus when the density of the fluid, or solution, is at the desired density or concentration, and to recirculate the fluid back into the evaporator when the density is below the desired density level.
  • the warm water source is in thermal contact with fluid to be concentrated by means of the heat exchanger.
  • a fundamental characteristic of the heat pump system comprises a closed loop system established between an evaporator means where a fluid is subjected to the conditions for evaporation and a condenser means wherein the water vapors are condensed thereby liberating the heat of condensation.
  • the heat to the evaporator means is furnished by the warm water source and the cooling, or con ⁇ densing means for the condenser means is furnished by the cold water source, the process operating at the saturation pressures dictated by the various water temperatures in the apparatus.
  • the prime mover means interposed in the closed loop provides the power to drive an electrical generator means and with an electrical control means directing elec ⁇ trical energy to the elements of the apparatus.
  • a vacuum pump establishes the initial negative or saturation pressure of the apparatus and during operation removes any non- condensable vapors.
  • the practice of the instant invention enables an apparatus capable of concentrating fluids, or solutions, with power generation sufficient to make the apparatus self sustaining, to be operated with two water sources at different temperatures, and additionally, to provide excess electrical energy for external usage.
  • This invention accordingly comprises a process and an apparatus possessing the features, properties and the rela ⁇ tionship of elements which will be exemplified in the article hereinafter described and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
  • Fig. 1 is a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 of the drawings therein illustrated is one embodiment of an apparatus for the concentration of fluids, solutions, which functions as a concentrating apparatus by the continual removal of water in the form of water vapor from the fluid to be concentrated, by the process of evaporation. More specifically, the apparatus * as depicted in Fig. 1 is particularly adapted to utilize the energy existing in the temperature differentials between two water sources to accomplish evaporation and condensation, with a resulting concentration of the process fluid by means of the removal of water in the form of water vapor from the process fluid by means of the evaporation process.
  • the apparatus provides its own energy source by means of a prime mover interposed between the evaporator and the condenser, utilizing the mass flow of water vapors, low temperature steam, and the pressure difference existing between the evaporator portion of the apparatus and the condenser portion of the apparatus to drive an electrical generator and subsequently the elements of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 1 of the drawings include a heat exchanger generally designated by the numeral 12.
  • the heat exchanger 12 functions as a means of establishing thermal contact between the fluid in the heat exchanger 12 and the warm water source into which the heat exchanger 12 is submerged.
  • the fluid to be concentrated enters the system through a conduit 61, an inlet valve 60, and another conduit 58.
  • the operation of the inlet valve 60 is controlled by a liquid level control 56 which operates the inlet valve 60 to maintain the level of the fluid above the heat exchanger 12 thereby establishing an evaporator 14 portion of the apparatus 10.
  • a concentrate pump 44 pumps the fluid from the heat exchanger 12, by means of conduit 40 and conduit 46, through a density control 48 and another conduit 50 to a- divert valve 54.
  • the density control 48 senses the density of the fluid being pumped through it and when it senses a fluid density at or above the desired density of the fluid, diverts the fluid from the apparatus 10 through conduit 52. When the density control 48 senses a density of the fluid less than the desired density, the density control 48 diverts the fluid back into the evaporator 14 through conduit 42 until such time as the density of the fluid again reaches the desired density level.
  • a particle separation chamber 16 is located above the evaporator 14 of such diameter that the water vapors from the evaporator 14 are sufficiently reduced in velocity to prevent liquid or discrete particles from reaching other portions of the apparatus 10.
  • Conduit 18 connects the particle separation chamber 16 to a condenser 26.
  • the condenser 26 illustrated is a simple wet, or spray type of condenser in which the cooling, or condensing, water is sprayed directly into the condenser 26 through spray nozzles 28 and resulting in the cooling or condensing water coming into direct contact and interminglin with the water vapors in the condenser 26 effecting conden ⁇ sation of the water vapors with a high degree of efficiency.
  • a pump 34 draws the cooling, or condensing water through a conduit 36 and pumps the same through a conduit 38 to the spray nozzles 28 in the condenser 26.
  • a barometric conduit 32 is connected to the condenser 26 and the water source, which .in the case illustrated is the ocean, but could be any water source.
  • the barometric conduit 32 is of such height as to form a barometric leg in which water will only rise to a desired height when the condenser 26 is at the saturation
  • the barometric conduit 32 is the means for returning the condensate water and the condensing water to the ocean, or other water source, while maintaining the negative pressure of the apparatus 10.
  • a vacuum pump 30 is connected to the apparatus 10 at the condenser 26 to initially reduce the pressure in the apparatus 10 to the saturation pressure of the warm fluid in the evaporator 14 and further during operation of the apparatus 10 to remove any non-condensable vapors or gases which would be detrimental to the process if allowed to accumulate in the apparatus.
  • a prime mover 20 is interposed in the conduit 18 connecting the particle sep ⁇ aration chamber 16 and the condenser 26.
  • the prime mover 20 derives power from the mass flow of water vapors, low temperature steam, from the evaporator 14 to the condenser 26.
  • the evaporator 14, is at the saturation pressure for the temperature of the fluid in the evaporator 1 , which is heated by the warm surface ocean water, or other warm water source.
  • the condenser 26 is at the saturation pressure for * the temperature of the colder sub-surface ocean water, or other cooling water.
  • the type of prime mover 20 is, for clarity, shown as a simple axial turbine, although the variety of applications of the invention might dictate other prime movers such as multi-stage turbines, roots type positive displacement prime movers, and others well known and used to derive rotary motion from pressure differentials and mass flow of vapors.
  • An electrical generator 22 is coupled to the prime mover 20 and converts the power devel- " oped in the prime mover 20 to electrical energy.
  • An elec ⁇ trical control 24 directs the electrical power from the generator 22 for use to operate the various elements of the apparatus 10 and further directs any excess electrical power for external usage.
  • the process is initiated by the vacuum pump 30 evacuating the air from the closed apparatus 10.
  • the vacuum pump 30 reduces the pressure in the closed apparatus 10 until the pressure in the apparatus 10 reaches the saturation pressure dictated by the fluid in the evaporator 14 and the heat exchanger 12, which is heated by the warm surface ocean water, or other warm water source. Since the liquid level control 56 senses a liquid level below that desired, the inlet valve 60 remains open until the heat exchanger 12 and the evaporator 14 are at the correct liquid level, the fluid being drawn into the apparatus 10 by the negative pressure existing in the apparatus 10 by action of the vacuum pump 30.
  • the pressure left in the apparatus 10 would be the saturation pressure of water at 80°F,.or * * approximately 0.507 psia.
  • the closed apparatus 10 then fills with water vapor at the saturation temperature and pressure of 80°F and 0.507 psia.
  • the ocean water, or other water source rises until the water in the barometric condui 32 has created a head pressure at the ocean surface, or other water source, equal to the atmospheric pressure.
  • the differ ⁇ ence in pressure between the closed apparatus 10 and the atmospheric pressure outside of the closed apparatus 10 would be approximately 14.193 psi and would therefore cause the ocean water, or other water source, to rise in the barometric conduit 32 approximately 31.8 feet above the surface of the ocean, or other water source.
  • the cooling water pump 34 is then started to draw cold deep ocean water, or other cold water source, through conduit 36 and pump the
  • the rapid flow of vapors existing from the evaporator 14 to the condenser 26 is caused by the reduction in volume of the water vapors in the condenser 26.
  • This mass flow of water vapors, low temperature steam, from the evaporator 14 to the condenser 26, drives the prime mover 20, located in the conduit 18 between the evaporator 14 and the condenser 26. Power is - thus provided to the electrical generator 22 which is coupled to the prime mover 20.
  • Heat for continued evapora- tion in the evaporator 14 is supplied by thermal circulation of the warm surface ocean water, or other warm water source, in contact with the heat exchanger 12.
  • the concentrate pump 44 is operated to draw process fluid through conduit 40 and pump the same through conduit 46 and then through a density control 48 and another conduit 50 to a divert valve 54.
  • the density control 48 which is preset to the desired density level of the process fluid, senses the density of the fluid being pumped to be at or above the desired density of the fluid, the fluid is diverted from the apparatus 10 through conduit 52 as a primary product of the process.
  • the density control 48 When the density control 48 senses a density of the fluid less than the desired density, the density control 48 diverts the fluid, by means of the divert valve 54, back into the evaporator 14 through conduit 42, until such time as the density of the fluid again reaches the desired density level.
  • the level of the process fluid in the evaporator 14 is constantly main ⁇ tained by the liquid level control 56 controlling the inlet valve 60 to maintain the desired fluid level. It can thus be seen that the negative pressure in the apparatus 10 provides a means of bringing the process fluid into the apparatus, and the barometric conduit 32 provides a means of removing condensing water and condensate water from the condenser 26, even though the apparatus 10 is at a pressure considerably lower than that of the atmospheric air outside of the closed apparatus 10.
  • An electrical control 24 directs the electrical output of the electrical generator 22 to the necessary elements of the apparatus 10 and diverts any excess electrical energy for external usage.
  • the apparatus 10 has thus provided for itself a power source to sustain its own operation and provide external energy for external usage.
  • the power to initiate the process and apparatus 10 must be external and could be provided by storage batteries which would be recharged during system operation or an auxiliary power generator.
  • FIG. 2 of the attached drawings therein illustrated is an apparatus 10 as described in Fig. 1 except for the following embodiments which modify the apparatus 10 for particular design requirements.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchanger 12 can be improved when the circumstances dictated by the addition of an enclosure 68, an input means -11-
  • the heat exchanger 12 may still be submerged into the warm water source, however, this is not necessary as warm water from the warm water source may be now directed in the input means 70 and discharged from the enclosure 68 by means of the outlet means 69.
  • the enclosure 74 for the circulating pump 72 is not required.
  • a circulating pump 76 is located within the heat exchanger 12.
  • the circulating pump 72 draws warm water from the warm water source through the input means 70 and circulates this warm water through the area between the heat exchanger 12 and the enclosure 68 and then from the heat exchanger area by the outlet means 69. This forced circulation improves the efficiency of the heat transfer between the warm water and the fluid within the heat exchanger 12.
  • the circulating pump 76 located within the heat exchanger 12 is used to improve heat exchanger 12 efficiency by circulating the fluid within the heat exchanger 12 at a rate greater than that caused by thermal circulation alone.
  • a method is illustrated whereby the condensate water, which is a result of the evaporation and condensing process, can be removed from the apparatus without being returned to the water source by means of a barometric conduit connected to the water source.
  • a barometric conduit 62 is connected to the condenser 26 and is of such height as water in this barometric conduit 62 will create a head pressure equal to the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the condenser 26, plus an additional head sufficient to give the desired head pressure of the con- densate water valve 64.
  • a liquid level control 33 located at the top of the barometric conduit 62 controls the conden ⁇ sate water valve 64 and allows the condensate water valve 64 to discharge condensate water through conduit 66 while maintaining the desired head in the barometric conduit 62. Since, in this configuration, it is not desirable to mix the condensing water and the condensate water, a condenser 26 with a tubular 31 or plate construction must be used in place of the wet, or spray, type of condenser previously described.
  • a conduit 67 is provided to return the cooling, or condensing water to the water source.
  • the water vapors are brought into thermal contact with the cooling, or condensing water, through a tubular or plate type of condenser, which with this type of condenser, the. condensing water is distilled or desalinated water.
  • This condensate water from the condenser 26 collects in the barometric conduit 62 until this condensate water reaches the liquid level control 33, at which time, the liquid level control 33 regulates the action of the condensate water valve 64..
  • the apparatus 10 discharges condensate liquid by means of the conduit 66, sufficiently to maintain the height of the condensate water in the barometric conduit 62 at the liquid level control 30.
  • FIG. 3 of the attached drawings therein illustrated is an apparatus 10 wherein the height profile has been lowered by the elimination of the barometric conduit 62 as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a liquid level control 80 is located at the bottom of the condenser 26 at the level at which it is desirable to maintain the level of the condensat water in the condenser 26.
  • a condensate water pump means 82 is connected to the condenser 26 by means of a conduit 90 with the outlet of the condensate water pump 82 being connected to a divert valve 84.
  • a conduit 88 connects the
  • the apparatus 10 has a lower height profile as a result of the elimination of any barometric conduits and the use of the method shown to remove condensate water from the apparatus 10.
  • the prime mover 20A is of the roots type positive displacement type and is shown here by way of illustration and either of the types of prime movers des ⁇ cribed in any of the drawings could be used with any other combination of elements as desired.
  • a heat pump method of concentrating fluids has thus been described, whereby the temperature differentials present in the ocean, or other warm and cold water sources, is the only energy source required to power the apparatus and provide excess electrical energy for external usage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

Un appareil (10) est utilise pour concentrer un fluide et fournir une energie electrique. L'appareil (10) comprend un evaporateur (14) et un condenseur (26) interconnectes par une conduite (18). Un echangeur de chaleur (12) permet l'accouplement thermique du liquide chaud au fluide dans l'evaporateur (14). Des moyens sont prevus pour l'accouplement d'un liquide froid sur le condenseur (26), creant ainsi un debit de masse de vapeur provenant de l'evaporateur (14) vers le condenseur (26). Une source d'energie (20) est interposee dans la conduite (18) pour convertir le debit de masse de vapeur en un mouvement mecanique. Un generateur electrique (22) est couple a la source d'energie (20) permettant une commande electrique (24) de diriger la sortie du generateur electrique (22) pour actionner l'appareil (10) et acheminer l'energie electrique en exces produite par le generateur electrique (22) pour en faire un usage externe.
EP80900842A 1980-01-28 1980-01-28 Procede utilisant une pompe de chaleur pour concentrer des fluides Withdrawn EP0044830A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1980/000079 WO1981002230A1 (fr) 1980-01-28 1980-01-28 Procede utilisant une pompe de chaleur pour concentrer des fluides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044830A1 true EP0044830A1 (fr) 1982-02-03

Family

ID=22154176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80900842A Withdrawn EP0044830A1 (fr) 1980-01-28 1980-01-28 Procede utilisant une pompe de chaleur pour concentrer des fluides

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0044830A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1981002230A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016070067A (ja) * 2014-09-26 2016-05-09 株式会社Ｇｐｅ 地熱発電システム
CN107367182A (zh) * 2017-08-18 2017-11-21 衣新宝 热量交换器

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2595164A (en) * 1943-03-24 1952-04-29 Centre Nat Rech Scient Steam power producing plant working with two water sources, the difference of temperature of which is small

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8102230A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1981002230A1 (fr) 1981-08-06

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