EP0048268A1 - Dispositif regulateur d'ecoulement - Google Patents

Dispositif regulateur d'ecoulement

Info

Publication number
EP0048268A1
EP0048268A1 EP81901035A EP81901035A EP0048268A1 EP 0048268 A1 EP0048268 A1 EP 0048268A1 EP 81901035 A EP81901035 A EP 81901035A EP 81901035 A EP81901035 A EP 81901035A EP 0048268 A1 EP0048268 A1 EP 0048268A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
conduit
flow
fluid
clamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP81901035A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0048268A4 (fr
Inventor
Lee K. Kulle
John M. Hess
James W. Scott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baxter International Inc
Original Assignee
Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc filed Critical Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc
Publication of EP0048268A1 publication Critical patent/EP0048268A1/fr
Publication of EP0048268A4 publication Critical patent/EP0048268A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/22—Valves or arrangement of valves
    • A61M39/28—Clamping means for squeezing flexible tubes, e.g. roller clamps
    • A61M39/286—Wedge clamps, e.g. roller clamps with inclined guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K7/00—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
    • F16K7/02—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with tubular diaphragm
    • F16K7/04—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with tubular diaphragm constrictable by external radial force
    • F16K7/06—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with tubular diaphragm constrictable by external radial force by means of a screw-spindle, cam, or other mechanical means
    • F16K7/066—Wedge clamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to clamps for use in regulating fluid flow rate through plastic tubing and more specifically to a self-contained device for regulating the fluid flow therethrough.
  • Plastic tubing generally of a PVC, or vinyl material is extensively employed in hospitals as a fluid conduit in numerous applications.
  • Vinyl tubing is inex- pensive and generally inert so as to be advantageous for administering fluids to a patient such as in parenteral solution administration sets.
  • Numerous devices such as cam, screw and roller type clamps are available for regu ⁇ lating the fluid flow rate of the solution reaching the patient by selectively compressing the tubing to vary the size of the fluid lumen.
  • These flow regulating devices are positioned along the length of tubing to .permit the operator to regulate the flow rate and the volume per unit time of liquid administered to a particular patient.
  • Screw clamps have a threaded plunger to selectively compress the tubing beneath the plunger by which to regulate flow.
  • screw- clamps are notoriously unreliable in main ⁇ taining a set flow rate due to the formation of secondary lumens around the plunger caused by cold flow. Gener ⁇ ally, the plunger cannot completely crimp the tubing closed to block flow for any length of time due to the increased tendency for the formation of secondary lumens on either side of the plunger.
  • Roller clamps have heretofore, generally had a
  • U.S. Patent 3,685,787 discloses a clamp having a roller spaced uniformly above a compression surface to squeeze the transverse edges of the tubing while permitting the cen- tral portion of the tube to flow into a longitudinal chan ⁇ nel in the compression surface to form a lumen.
  • the channel varies in depth from large to small to regulate lumen size.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable flow regulating device over an ex ⁇ panded control range which eliminates fluctuations from a desired flow rate setting by eliminating the phenomena of cold flow and preventing flow variations attributed to external forces.
  • a further object of the present flow regulating invention is to provide an improved roller clamp having a self-contained fluid conduit of material exhibiting small compression set properties constrained therein pro ⁇ viding a clamp which is readily adaptable for use with conventional vinyl tubing administration sets.
  • a fluid regulating device and particularly, an improved roller clamp, fluid regulating device is dis ⁇ closed which provides a solution to the recurring problems of accurately regulating flow rate through plastic tubing attributed to cold flow and external stretching forces.
  • the present invention provides a roller clamp having an elongated two piece, box-like body provided with a fluid inlet at one end and a fluid outlet at the opposit end.
  • a cylindrical roller is mounted within a track in th body for longitudinal movement.
  • a length of conduit havin low compressing set characteristics is disposed between th bottom of the roller and a compression surface in the base providing a fluid passageway through the interior of the body from the inlet to the outlet.
  • the compression sur ⁇ face has a minimal angular variance to the path of the roller.
  • the flow rate through the conduit is regulated by longitudinally moving the roller along the length of the body which varies the area between the roller and compres ⁇ sion surface to permit the conduit to be fully open at one end of the clamp and fully closed at the other end of the clamp.
  • the conduit is captured within the body and pre ⁇ ferably, is captured in a slightly stretched configuration between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.
  • the present invention is readily adapted to receive a length of conventional plastic tubing leading from a source of
  • the elongated body provides an improved control range to permit slight ad ⁇ justments in the flow lumen size of the conduit, which 5 when set, will not vary due to cold flow nor be affected by external forces.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the roller clamp of this invention shown in # use with a schematic represen ⁇
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the clamp taken along lines 2-2 of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the clamp taken along lines 3-3 of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, partially broken away of the clamp illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • a roller clamp 10 embodying
  • the upper 22 and lower 24 members each in ⁇ clude two end walls 26, 28 and 30, 32 and longitudinal side walls 34, 36 and 38, 40 which are cooperatively joined at juncture 42.
  • __ 20 further includes an elongated opening 49 bordered at both ends by horizontal top walls 46 and 48 to provide
  • roller 50 ⁇ ⁇ > iPO _ a passageway and ready access to a roller 50; the box ⁇ like body 20 is cooperatively joined by any suitable means at the juncture 42.
  • the roller 50 and upper 22 and lower 24 members are preferably molded from an essentially rigid plastic material to maintain close tolerances in the finished clamp.
  • the roller 50 is formed with a circumferential outer surface 54, which is preferably knurled as shown* with a centrally disposed axle 55. It will be understood that the roller 50 will generally -be of a unitary construction and may include hub-like projections to serve as the axle 55.
  • a length of con ⁇ duit 56 is disposed within the body 20 and is connected at one end 58 to a means for defining a fluid inlet such as a nipple 62a, and with the other end 60 connected to.a means for defining a fluid outlet, or a second nipple 62b.
  • The-conduit 56 provides a flow lumen 64 for defining a fluid passageway between the inlet 14 and outlet 18 ends of the clamp 10.
  • Any suitable inert material exhibiting low compression set properties, such as silicone or latex, may be employed for the conduit 56 which virtually eli ⁇ minates the problems attributed to cold flow.
  • the conduit 56 is an elastic silicone conduit, which is substantially inert to chemical leaching.
  • the base wall 52 is provided with a conduit receiving channel 66.
  • the channel 66 is defined by an elongated compression surface 70 joined by vertical shoulders 68 to roller bearing surfaces or ledges 72 pro ⁇ jecting towards the center of the body 20 along the length of both walls 38 and 40.
  • the compression surface 70 of the channel 66 is suitably dimensioned to receive the conduit 56.
  • the lower.-member 24 of the body 20 is provided with horizontal walls 74 pro ⁇ jecting outwardly which are suitably joined at the junc ⁇ ture 42 with the vertical sidewalls 34 and 36 of the
  • the sidewalls 34 and 36 are provided with inwardly projecting horizontal lips 76 bordering the length of the passageway 44 to the top walls 46 and 48. As shown, the lower portion of the lips 76 are provided with flat hub bearing surfaces 78 which ex ⁇ tend substantially along the longitudinal length of the body 20.
  • the ledges 72 are spaced uniformly below the 'hub bearing surfaces 78 along the length of the body 20 beginning at a point A near the inlet end 14, to the outlet end 18 of clamp 10.
  • the roller 50 is appropriately dimen ⁇ sioned and mounted within a longitudinal track in the body 20 defined by ledges 72 and surfaces 76.
  • the uniform vertical distance between the hub bearing surfaces 78 and the ledges 72 is slightly less than the distance between the uppermost point of the axle 55 and the lowermost outer surface 54 of the roller 50 to create a slightly biased fit, but still permitting longitudinal movement of the roller 50 within the track.
  • the outer surface 54 of the roller 50 diametrically projects through the passageway 44 and compresses the conduit 56 towards the surface 70 of the channel 66.
  • the compression surface 70 is angled to converge toward the plane of the ledges 72 by providing a decreasing height of the shoulders 68 as the roller is moved longitudinally toward the fluid outlet end 18 of the body 20.
  • Longitudinal movement of the roller 50 toward the outlet end 18 selectively compresses the con ⁇ duit 56 toward the surface 70 to vary the size of the lumen 64 from a fully open position near the inlet end 14 to a fully closed position at the opposite end of the body as shown in Fig. 4.
  • opposite movement of the roller 50 opens the lumen 64 as a result of the
  • OMPI low compression set properties of conduit 56 The base wall 52 and channel 66 slightly diverges away from the surfaces 78 to insure a completely open position when the roller 50 is positioned near the inlet end 14 of the clamp 10 as shown.
  • the nipple 62a is pro ⁇ vided with a centrally disposed retainer ring 80 of larger diameter separating an inner tubular coupling 82 from an outer tubular coupling 84.
  • the couplings 82 and 84 are preferably provided with tapered ends permitting ease of insertion of the conduit 56 to coupling 82 and the conventional vinyl tubing 12 to the coupling 84.
  • the nipple 62b is similar in configuration and dimension to nipple 62a and is also provided with couplings to receive the conduit 56 and the conventional tubing 18 having a retaining ring 86 therebetween.
  • the couplings of nipples 62a and 62b are dimensioned to be snugly received within the interior diameter-of the inlet 12 and outlet 18 tubing and the conduit 56.
  • Other embodiments for the nipples not shown, may be provided with variable sized couplings on either side of suitable clips or retainer rings and do not necessarily have to be iden ⁇ tical.
  • the retainer rings 80 and 82 of the nipples 62a and 62b are captured within similarly configured retaining spaces 88 and 90.
  • the lower member 24 of the body 20 is provided with notches 92 and 94 for receiving the retainer rings 80 and 86 respectively.
  • the space 90 is defined on the side towards the interior of the body 20 by a vertical lower yoke 96 upwardly exten ⁇ ding from the lower member 24 and a downwardly projec ⁇ ting upper yoke 98 shown in Fig. 3.
  • the exterior side of space 90 is defined by the end wall 32 of the lower member 24 cooperatively joined with the end wall 28 of the upper member 22.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the co-action of the lower yoke 96 with the upper yoke 98 to circumferentially collar* the retainer rings 80 and 86.
  • the lower 96 and upper 98 yokes are
  • OMPI 11 suitably dimensioned to avoid snugly compressing the con ⁇ duit 56 against the inner coupling 100 of nipple 62b.
  • a suitable binder material may be provided to glue the conduit 56 to the nipples to insure leakproof integrity.
  • the space 88 is similarly defined by an upper yoke 102, a lower yoke (.not shown) i and by the end wall 26 of the upper member 22 and end wall 30 of the lower member.
  • the upper and lower yokes may be dimensioned to snugly compress the con ⁇ duit 56 against the inner couplings of the nipples 62a and 62b. Care must be taken to avoid an uneven compres- sion causing the conduit 56 to bind, providing a potential source of leakage.
  • the wall 26 is provided with a vertically pro ⁇ jecting retainer wall 106 dimensioned to cooperate with a notch provided in the lower wall 30 of the lower member 24.
  • the retainer wall 106 may be dimensioned to snugly circumferentially compress or collar the tubing 12 to the outer; coupling 84 of the nipple 62a to assist in in ⁇ suring fluid-tight integrity.
  • a similar retaining wall and notch may be provided at the outlet end 18 of the clamp 10.
  • the yokes insure that the nipples 62a and 62b of conduit 56 are snugly captured within the retainer spaces 88 and 90.
  • the conduit 56 is further captured within the body 20 by fitting the retainer rings 80 and 86 within the notches 92 and 94.
  • the captured conduit is thereby unaffected by external forces such as pulling, tugging or stretching of either tubing 12 or 18. Stretching of the conduit 56 would vary the flow lumen size and thereby undesirably affect the flow rate.
  • the walls 26, 30 and 28, 32 may be more vertically angled than is shown in Fig. 4 to reduce the size of spaces 88 and 90 and to more snugly secure the nipples within the retaining spaces if desired.
  • th length of conduit 56 is slightly shorter by a pre ⁇ determined amount than the distance between the yokes.
  • the shorter conduit is slightly elongated or stretched by a predetermined amount.
  • this elongation optimizes flow rate stability and substantially prevents the conduit from binding or bunching together on the forward side during movement of the roller.
  • a range of approximately 4 to 8 percent elongation of the conduit is optimum for flow rate stability and to alleviate bunching of the conduit.
  • the body 20 of the clamp 10 is preferably signi ⁇ ficantly longer compared to other roller clamp bodies to permit a gradual angular variance of the compressions sur ⁇ face 70 to the path of the -roller 50 along its track.
  • the range of flow control sensitivity is thereby enhanced to provide a clamp which is accurately regulatable over small incremental changes in flow rate.
  • the clamp 10 of the present invention may be an integral part of a standard fluid administration set, such as a parenteral set, in which the conventional vinyl inlet and outlet tubes may be solvent bonded to the outer couplings of the fluid inlet and outlet. Additionally, the clamp may be employed with any fluid administration system by appropriately removing a length of tubing or severing the same and inserting the flow regulating clamp of the present invention. When it is desired to set a particular flow rate setting, the operator grips the clamp and longitudinally positions the roller within the pas ⁇ sageway until the flow lumen of the conduit obtains an integral area corresponding to the desired flow rate.
  • the present invention is more readily assembled when the preferred two piece clam-shell like body 20 is employed.
  • the conduit 56 having suitable clips or nipples 62a and 62b at both ends is readily inserted into appropriate retainer spaces in the lower member of the body 24, followed by insertion of the roller 50 and the assembly of the upper member 22 at the juncture 42 to the lower member 24.
  • Numerous methods of bonding the upper and lower members together may be employed, such as, for example, solvent or heat bonding.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

Jusqu'a present, les pinces pour cubes de l'art anterieur n'ont pas reussi a vaincre les fluctuations de debit attribuees a l'ecoulement froid et/ou aux forces de dilatation exterieure les rendant insatisfaisantes et peu fiables pour leur incapacite de maintenir un debit predetermine. Cette invention resoud le probleme en creant un dispositif regulateur d'ecoulement avec un corps allonge ayant une plage de commande amelioree pour pouvoir proceder a des petits reglages de la dimension du passage d'ecoulement de la conduite qui, une fois reglee, ne variera plus a cause d'un ecoulement froid ou des forces exterieures. Le dispositif de reglage d'ecoulement comprend de maniere specifique une pince a rouleau amelioree (10) avec une longueur de conduite (56) ayant des proprietes de faible compression. La pince (10) comprend un corps en forme de boite allongee (20) ayant une entree de fluide (14) a une extremite et une sortie de fluide (18) a l'extremite opposee qui sont reliees par la conduite pour former un passage d'ecoulement (64) au travers de la pince (10). Le rouleau (54) est emprisonne dans une piste (72 et 78) dans le corps (20) pour comprimer ou relacher selectivement la conduite vers ou en s'eloignant d'une surface de compression (70) disposee avec un ecart angulaire par rapport a la piste (72 et 78). Le debit est regle en positionnant de maniere appropriee le rouleau (54). La conduite (56) est emprisonnee dans le corps (20) pour ne pas etre affectee par des forces exterieures de traction.
EP19810901035 1980-03-25 1981-03-02 Dispositif regulateur d'ecoulement. Ceased EP0048268A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13367780A 1980-03-25 1980-03-25
US133677 1980-03-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0048268A1 true EP0048268A1 (fr) 1982-03-31
EP0048268A4 EP0048268A4 (fr) 1982-07-19

Family

ID=22459792

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810901035 Ceased EP0048268A4 (fr) 1980-03-25 1981-03-02 Dispositif regulateur d'ecoulement.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0048268A4 (fr)
BE (1) BE888098A (fr)
CA (1) CA1145315A (fr)
WO (1) WO1981002770A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5758475A (en) * 1995-07-26 1998-06-02 Vaw Aluminium Ag Method of producing a tinned food container

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4537387A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-08-27 Anatros Corporation Precision valve assembly
US7178699B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2007-02-20 Anheuser-Busch, Inc. Pinch faucet
DE202009004772U1 (de) * 2009-04-30 2009-10-15 Hopf, Hans-Jürgen Vorrichtung zur Regulierung eines Volumenstroms in einem Schlauch
US9151646B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2015-10-06 Deka Products Limited Partnership System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
WO2011136667A1 (fr) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Raymond John Avery Système de contrôle de débit
US9724466B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2017-08-08 Deka Products Limited Partnership Flow meter
US9435455B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-09-06 Deka Products Limited Partnership System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US9856990B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2018-01-02 Deka Products Limited Partnership Flow metering using a difference image for liquid parameter estimation
US9372486B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-06-21 Deka Products Limited Partnership System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US10488848B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2019-11-26 Deka Products Limited Partnership System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US9746093B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2017-08-29 Deka Products Limited Partnership Flow meter and related system and apparatus
US9746094B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2017-08-29 Deka Products Limited Partnership Flow meter having a background pattern with first and second portions
US10088346B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2018-10-02 Deka Products Limited Partnership System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US9759343B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-09-12 Deka Products Limited Partnership Flow meter using a dynamic background image
USD749206S1 (en) 2013-11-06 2016-02-09 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
USD751689S1 (en) 2013-11-06 2016-03-15 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
USD751690S1 (en) 2013-11-06 2016-03-15 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
USD745661S1 (en) 2013-11-06 2015-12-15 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
USD752209S1 (en) 2013-11-06 2016-03-22 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
USD905848S1 (en) 2016-01-28 2020-12-22 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
EP4335471A3 (fr) 2016-01-28 2024-08-21 DEKA Products Limited Partnership Appareil de surveillance, de régulation ou de régulation d'écoulement de fluide
USD854145S1 (en) 2016-05-25 2019-07-16 Deka Products Limited Partnership Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube
USD964563S1 (en) 2019-07-26 2022-09-20 Deka Products Limited Partnership Medical flow clamp
WO2021021596A1 (fr) 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 Deka Products Limited Partnership Appareil pour surveiller, réguler ou commander un écoulement de fluide
CN119818826A (zh) * 2024-12-30 2025-04-15 北京灵泽医药技术开发有限公司 一种滑轮流量调节器及输液设备

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3189038A (en) * 1962-06-08 1965-06-15 Baxter Don Inc Variable flow clamp for flexible tubing
US3511240A (en) * 1967-08-25 1970-05-12 Power Brake Equipment Co Apparatus for regulating fluid flow including valve and remote control
US3685787A (en) * 1969-09-08 1972-08-22 Marvin Adelberg Apparatus for regulating fluid flow through plastic tubing
US3625472A (en) * 1969-09-19 1971-12-07 Illinois Tool Works Roller clamp for flexible tubing
US3805830A (en) * 1970-05-01 1974-04-23 Surgical Corp Multi-passage fluid flow control system
US3948477A (en) * 1973-07-02 1976-04-06 United States Surgical Corporation Screw clamp for flexible tubing
US3989058A (en) * 1975-07-16 1976-11-02 Robertshaw Controls Company Modular valve
US4013263A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-03-22 Marvin Adelberg Clamp for regulating fluid flow through plastic tubing
US4047694A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-09-13 Marvin Adelberg Clamp for regulating flow through plastic-tubing
US4238108A (en) * 1978-05-12 1980-12-09 Abbott Laboratories Flow control device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5758475A (en) * 1995-07-26 1998-06-02 Vaw Aluminium Ag Method of producing a tinned food container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1981002770A1 (fr) 1981-10-01
BE888098A (fr) 1981-07-16
CA1145315A (fr) 1983-04-26
EP0048268A4 (fr) 1982-07-19

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Effective date: 19811113

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Inventor name: HESS, JOHN M.

Inventor name: KULLE, LEE K.

Inventor name: SCOTT, JAMES W.