EP0048329B1 - Machine à imprimer - Google Patents

Machine à imprimer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0048329B1
EP0048329B1 EP81106046A EP81106046A EP0048329B1 EP 0048329 B1 EP0048329 B1 EP 0048329B1 EP 81106046 A EP81106046 A EP 81106046A EP 81106046 A EP81106046 A EP 81106046A EP 0048329 B1 EP0048329 B1 EP 0048329B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gripper
printing
pair
web
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81106046A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0048329A3 (en
EP0048329A2 (fr
Inventor
Frits Siegenthaler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ascom Autelca AG
Autelca AG
Original Assignee
Ascom Autelca AG
Autelca AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascom Autelca AG, Autelca AG filed Critical Ascom Autelca AG
Priority to AT81106046T priority Critical patent/ATE13996T1/de
Publication of EP0048329A2 publication Critical patent/EP0048329A2/fr
Publication of EP0048329A3 publication Critical patent/EP0048329A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0048329B1 publication Critical patent/EP0048329B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J15/00—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, specially adapted for supporting or handling copy material in continuous form, e.g. webs
    • B41J15/18—Multiple web-feeding apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printing press with a pair of input rollers for conveying a printing material web to be printed piece by piece, a printing device and a cutting device for the printed web piece.
  • the object is achieved to provide a printing press of this type, with which printing can be carried out on a selectable one of a plurality of printing material webs, these webs being able, for example, to have different widths, different colors or different forms.
  • Advantageous embodiments of this machine are the subject of claims 2 and 3.
  • the development of the invention according to claim 5 makes it possible to arrange the guide channels relatively closely next to one another for a relatively large number of printing material webs, since grippers which take up little space serve as conveying devices, their gripping and releasing movement are controlled by means that occupy practically no space.
  • Claims 6-9 give advantageous embodiments of these grippers and claims 10 and 11 indicate further developments of the conveyor device.
  • Fig. 1, 1 denotes the pair of input rollers, 2 the needle head and 3 the pressure bar of the printing device, 4 the knife blade, which forms the cutting device of the printing machine designed as a needle printer with a counter knife formed on the pressure bar.
  • the needle head 2 is driven to be displaceable transversely to the plane of the drawing, as described, for example, in European Patent Application No. 80101133.9.
  • the knife blade 4 can be driven as described in European Patent Application No. 80101205.5 and the ribbon transport (not shown) can be carried out as described in European Patent Application No. 80101248.5.
  • the known dot matrix printers of this type work for printing on pieces of one and the same paper web so that the input rollers 1 move the paper web to be printed into its printing position, optionally for line-by-line printing in several printing positions one after the other, after the printing pushes it into the cutting position and after the cutting of the printed piece of paper in the printing position, possibly in the first printing position.
  • the dot matrix printer 1-4 works essentially the same, but with the difference that the pair of rollers 1 does not push the paper web back into the printing position after separation, but, as explained further below, pushes it further back, namely until it leaves the nip 5 Rollers 1, and that the paper web is inserted between the rollers 1 before each printing operation and is advanced by them into the printing position, possibly the first printing position.
  • the guide channel 6 is a gripper 8
  • the guide channel 7 is the same gripper 9 and the other guide channels are each assigned another, same gripper for advancing and pushing back the paper web guided in the relevant channel.
  • These paper webs are not shown in Fig. 1. 4 and 5, the paper web in the guide channel 6 with 11, in the guide channel 7 with 12.
  • each gripper is designed and can be displaced by means of a drive device along a feed and return path which extends over a part of the assigned channel facing away from the clamping gap 5 and is the same for all channels , and approximately corresponds to the distance that the fan-shaped arrangement of the channels from the clamping gap 5.
  • 1, 2, 4 and 5 is the gripper 8 at the end of the feed path (ie the start of the feed path), and the gripper 9 at the start of the feed path (ie the end of the feed path).
  • the grippers are, as will be explained in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5, controlled in such a way that an end part of the feed path, the release movement of the gripper, the coinciding initial part of the retraction path, accordingly the gripping movement of the gripper and the remaining part of the feed and return path Gripping position of the gripper is assigned.
  • each gripper is adapted to the circumferential speed and direction of rotation of the pair of rollers 1 along the entire feed and return path. In principle, it is sufficient if, immediately before and during the loosening of the gripper, its speed is the same or slightly greater and during and immediately after the gripping movement the speed of the gripper is equal to or slightly less than that of the pair of rollers.
  • the free ends of the paper webs are all at the same distance from the nip 5. This distance is somewhat smaller than the feed and return path of the grippers, and each gripper is in the rest position shown in FIG. 1 for the gripper 9, in which it is in Gripping position is, so he grabs the paper web and holds it.
  • the gripper which is assigned to this paper web or its guide channel is advanced, taking the paper web with it.
  • the paper web enters the nip 5 of the pair of rollers 1, shortly thereafter the gripper performs its release movement, it remains in this position, and the pair of rollers 1 pushes the paper tape forward into the printing position in which it is printed, and further to the cut-off position in which it is cut, and then backwards.
  • the gripper Shortly before the paper web pushed backwards leaves the nip 5 of the pair of rollers 1, the gripper begins its back-thrust movement, first carrying out its gripping movement and then taking the paper web with it, which leaves the nip 5 of the pair of rollers 1. At the end of the return path, the gripper is again in its rest position and the free end of the paper web formed by cutting off the printed piece of the paper web is in a position which the end that was present before the cutting had before the whole process. This is due to the fact that the gripper feed ended shortly after the original paper web end had entered the nip 5, the feed path started shortly before the new paper web end came out of the nip, and the feed path is equal to the feed path.
  • the gripper and rollers are driven by stepper motors, as these can be precisely controlled for certain rotations.
  • the required rotations of the rollers result from the distances of the gap between the pressure point and the cutting point.
  • the specified dimensioning of the feed and return speeds of the gripper ensures that the paper web is neither compressed nor pulled when it is temporarily conveyed by both the gripper and the pair of rollers.
  • Each gripper has, as shown in Fig. 2-5 on the example of the gripper 8 and partially also for the gripper 9, two spring sheet strips 81 and 91, which are held at their ends by spacers at a distance from each other, then cranked towards each other and for Diverging towards the middle.
  • the spring sheet strips 81 of the gripper 8 are arranged on the outside of the channel walls 61 of the associated guide channel 6, and their cranks are guided thereon. The same applies to the other grippers.
  • the gripping jaws 82 and 92 each grip through an opening 65 and 75 in the channel walls 61 and 71 and the cams 83 and 93 each grip through an opening 66 and 76 of the channel walls 61 and 71, respectively. These openings are designed as elongated holes to enable the gripper 8 or 9 to move forward and backward.
  • the spring sheet strips 81 and 91 are pretensioned such that the gripping jaws 82 and 92 are pressed together when the gripper 8 or 9 is at rest, and the cams 83 and 93 do not touch each other (and also the paper web), so that the spring force of the Spring sheet strips 81 and 91 act completely on the gripping jaws.
  • pairs of gripping jaws 82 and 92 reliably grip the paper web 11 and 12 in channels 6 and 7, they consist of a material (plastic) with a high coefficient of friction.
  • the cams 83 and 93 are made of a material (another plastic) with high sliding properties so that they slide easily on the control surfaces assigned to them, as described below.
  • the cams 83 and 93 of the grippers 8 and 9 run on their release movement and gripping movement on control surfaces 67 and 77, which are formed on wedge-shaped bulge 68 and 78 of the channel walls 61 and 71. Otherwise, the cams 83 and 93 protrude through the elongated holes 66 and 76 in the channel walls 61 and 71, respectively. However, these elongated holes 66 and 76 are shorter than the elongated holes 65 and 75 into which the gripping jaws 82 and 92 protrude, because the cams 83 and 93 slide on the control surfaces 67 and 77 at the end of the feed and start of the return path.
  • the gripper 8 is at the end of the feed path and its cams 83 have run onto the control surfaces 67, so that its gripping jaws 82 are lifted off the paper web 11. So this (11) - as above described - advanced by the pair of rollers 1 and pushed back after the printing and cutting process.
  • the cams 83 run off the control surfaces 67. whereby the gripping movement causes and the paper web 11 is gripped by the gripping jaws 82 and pushed back on the return path of the gripper 8 until the gripper 8 has the position in which the gripper 8 is shown. The paper web 11 remains held.
  • the gripper 9 When the gripper 9 is advanced, it takes the paper web 12 clamped between its gripping jaws 92 until its cams 93 run onto the control surfaces 77. The gripper 9 then comes into the position and in the state in which the gripper 9 is shown, and what has been said about this applies.
  • each gripper is connected both to a pair of tension springs, which act in the return direction, and to a cable winch, which acts against the tension springs, as in FIGS. 1 and 6 and using the example of the gripper 8 and partly for the gripper 9 is also shown in Fig. 2.
  • the gripper 8 is connected to a pair of spring springs 84, which are supported in a stationary manner, and to a pair of stretch-resistant cables 85.
  • the corresponding ropes of the gripper 9 are designated by 95 in FIGS. 1 and 2. In Fig. 1 the rope of the pair 85 visible there is only partially shown.
  • Each rope 85 or 95 runs via a freely rotatable deflection roller 86 or 96 to a rope sheave 87 or 97 to which the rope end is attached.
  • the sheaves of each pair 87 and 97 are fixed on a shaft 88 and 98, the rotation of which by stops, not shown, in the direction of pull of the springs, e.g. 84, corresponding direction is limited, whereby the rest position of the grippers 8 and 9 is defined.
  • the coupling members 89b and 99b have a symbolically illustrated external toothing, which meshes with a gear 13 or 14 of a symbolically illustrated gear train 15, which is driven by a stepper motor 16, and the coupling elements 89b and 99b and the corresponding ones, even when the coupling member is axially displaced drives further coupling members together, but this only drives the shaft whose clutch is engaged.
  • the stepper motor 16 is controlled in such a way that the rotation corresponds to the gripper feed or feed path.
  • To avoid fringe for the power supply to the elements supporting the excitation winding, e.g. 89a, 99a, of the couplings is their electrical connection line, e.g. 89c, 99c, with so much play around the wave in question, e.g. 88, 98, that this can rotate freely according to the forward and backward movement of the gripper.
  • the entire machine is controlled by an electronic program control device (not shown), which in each case triggers the engagement of the clutch (for example 89a / 89b) which is assigned to the gripper (for example 8) of the guide channel (for example 6) for the selected paper web (for example 11), controls the drive of the stepper motor 16 and the pair of rollers 1 and the printing and cutting process.
  • the stepping motor (not shown) driving the pair of rollers 1 can be controlled precisely according to the feed and return paths to be carried out by the pair of rollers, the feed through which the paper web comes into the printing position, possibly into the first of several printing positions, is not through one accordingly dimensioned rotation of the rollers 1, but then ends when a light barrier 17 (FIG. 1) responds to the free end of the paper web.
  • Another light barrier is arranged in front of the pair of rollers; it works together with the control device to trigger a signal when a paper web has been used up.

Landscapes

  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
  • Impact Printers (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
  • Handling Of Continuous Sheets Of Paper (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Feeding Of Articles By Means Other Than Belts Or Rollers (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Machine à imprimer comprenant une paire de cylindres d'alimenation (1) pour faire avancer une bande de matériau à imprimer (11, 12) par sections, un dispositif d'impression (2) monté à la suite et un dispositif de découpe (4) situé derrière ce dernier pour la découpe de la section de bande imprimée, caractérisée en ce que plusieurs canaux de guidage plats (6,7) destinés à chacune des bandes de matériau à imprimer sont disposés en éventail et dirigés vers le côté de la zone de pincement (5) de la paire de cylindres (1) qui est à l'opposé du dispositif d'impression (2), alors qu'à chaque canal de guidage (6,7) est respectivement associé un dispositif d'avance (8, 9), constitué de manière à être entraînable individuellement et qu'avant une opération d'impression il fasse avancer le long du canal la bande de matériau à imprimer faisant partie des bandes de matériau disposées chacune dans l'un des canaux (6, 7) et la relâche après pénétration de l'extrémité libre de la bande dans l'interstice (5) compris entre la paire de cylindres (1) qui tournent, cette paire de cylindres (1) continuant à faire avancer la bande vers le poste d'impression et la faisant revenir en arrière après l'opération de découpe, le dispositif d'avance (8, 9) saisissant à nouveau la bande avant que son extrémité constituée par l'extrémité découpée air quitté l'interstice (5) entre les cylindres et ramenant la bande en arrière sur une distance que est égale à la distance d'avance le long du dispositif d'avance le long du canal.
2. Machine selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le parcours d'avance et de retour du dispositif d'avance correspond approximativement à la distance comprise entre l'agencement en éventail des canaux de guidage (6, 7) et l'interstice (5) entre les cylindres.
3. Machine selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que chaque canal de guidage (6, 7) présente deux parois parallèles (71, 72), en ce que la distance comprise au moins entre les parois extérieures des canaux extérieurs de l'agencement de canaux et l'interstice de pincement (5) correspond approximativement au parcours d'avance et de retour du dispositif d'avance (8, 9), et en ce que les parois mutuellement voisines de deux canaux intérieurs respectifs sont plus courtes que les parois extérieures des canaux extérieures de manière que ces canaux débouchement les uns dans les autres.
4. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que qu'à chaque canal de guidage (6, 7) est associé un élément de saisie (8, 9) qui peut être déplacé individuellement par un dispositif d'entraînement (84-89,94-99) le long d'un parcours d'avance et de retour s'étendant sur une partie longitudinale des canaux qui est opposé à la paire de cylindres, commandé de manière que le mouvement de relâchement de l'élément de saisie soit associé à une partie d'extrémité du parcours d'avance, que le mouvement de saisie de l'élément de saisie soit associé à la partie de départ du parcours de retour qui coïncide avec ladite partie d'extrémité et que la position de saisie de la paire d'éléments de saisie soit associée à la partie restante du mouvement d'avance et de retour, et en ce que la vitesse et la direction de l'entraînement de chaque élément de saisie le long du parcours d'avance et de retour directement avant et pendant le dégagement de l'élément de saisie ainsi que pendant et directement après son mouvement de saisie correspondent à la vitesse de début et au sens de rotation de la paire de cylindres.
5. Machine selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément de saisie (8, 9) comprend deux tôles élastiques (91, 92) disposées sur le côté extérieur des parois (61, 71) des canaux transversalement au mouvement d'avance et de retour, lesdites tôles étant munies de mâchoires de saisie (82, 92) et de paires de butées (83, 93) de manière que les mâchoires de saisie (82, 93) traversant des ouvertures formées dans les parois (61, 71) des canaux, ouvertures qui sont constituées sous forme de trous allongés (65,75) pour permettre le mouvement d'avance et de retour, et en ce que chaque butée (83, 93) passe pendant le mouvement d'ouverture et pendant le mouvement de saisie des mâchoires de saisie sur des surfaces de commande (67, 77) qui sont constituées sur des saillies en forme de coins (68, 78) sur les côtés extérieurs des parois (61,71 ) des canaux, et en ce que les mâchoires de saisie (82, 92) et les butées (83, 93) sont pressées en direction les unes des autres par paires du fait d'une précontrainte élastique des tôles élastiques (81, 91).
6. Machine selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les butées (83, 93) constituées sur le parcours de l'élément de saisie (8, 9), sur celui de ses mâchoires de saisie (82, 92) en position de saisie, pénètrent chacune dans un évidement (66, 76) partiqué dans la paroi (61, 71) du canal de manière que les butées (83, 93) ne parviennent contre les parois (61, 71) du canal que dans la région des surfaces de commande (67, 77).
7. Machine selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément de saisie (8, 9) comprend au milieu de la bande de tôle élastique deux butées (83, 93) et de chaque côté de ces dernières une paire de mâchoires de saisie (82, 92).
8. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les extrémités des bandes de tôle élastique (81, 91) de chaque élément de saisie (8, 9) font saillie au-dessus des parois (6, 7) du canal et sont chacune reliées à un ressort de traction (84, 94) agissant dans le sens contraire à celui de l'avance de l'élément de saisie (8, 9) et à un câble (85, 95), le câble passant dans le sens de l'avance sur une roue de renvoi (86,96) et de cette dernière vers un treuil (97, 98) pouvant être entraîné individuellement.
9. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que tous les dispositifs d'avance, et en particulier les éléments de saisie, sont reliés par des câbles (8, 84-88; 9, 94-98) à un mécanisme d'entraînement commun (13-15) par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement d'arbre (89a, 89b; 99a, 99b) réalisé par concordance de formes et commandable individuellement.
10. Machine selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de sortie (89a, 99a) de chaque accouplement comprend un électroaimant servant à la rétraction et au déploiement, dont la conduite de raccordement (89c, 99c) est enroulée avec un jet autour de l'arbre (88, 98) solidaire en rotation de cet organe de sortie, le jeu permettant la rotation de l'arbre (88, 89) qui est nécessaire pour le mouvement d'avance et de retour du dispositif d'alimentation et en particulier de l'élément de saisie (8, 9).
11. Machine selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que l'organe d'entraînement (89b, 99b) de tous les accouplements est entraîné par un moteur électrique inversable (16), par une transmission intermédiaire commune à roue dentée (15).
12. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée par une barrière lumineuse (17) que correspond, dans la position d'impression du matériau en bande à imprimer, ou dans la première position d'impression quand il s'agit d'une impression de plusieurs lignes, à l'extrémité libre de la bande de matériau à imprimer, de manière à arrêter l'entraînement de la paire de cylindres d'alimentation (1) et à déclencher l'opération d'impression, ou celle de la première ligne quand il s'agit d'une impression de plusieurs lignes.
EP81106046A 1980-09-19 1981-08-01 Machine à imprimer Expired EP0048329B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81106046T ATE13996T1 (de) 1980-09-19 1981-08-01 Druckmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH703080 1980-09-19
CH7030/80 1980-09-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0048329A2 EP0048329A2 (fr) 1982-03-31
EP0048329A3 EP0048329A3 (en) 1983-05-11
EP0048329B1 true EP0048329B1 (fr) 1985-06-26

Family

ID=4318834

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81106046A Expired EP0048329B1 (fr) 1980-09-19 1981-08-01 Machine à imprimer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4390296A (fr)
EP (1) EP0048329B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5783483A (fr)
AT (1) ATE13996T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU545128B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3171119D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8206285A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4717273A (en) * 1986-11-07 1988-01-05 Elderfield Keith C Multiple paper holder and method for a computer printer
US5135321A (en) * 1987-05-29 1992-08-04 Hewlett-Packard Company Unified paper path printer with automatic parking feature
CH676966A5 (fr) * 1987-09-28 1991-03-28 Ascom Autelca Ag
EP0311980A3 (fr) * 1987-10-14 1990-01-03 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Imprimante thermique
DE3834702A1 (de) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-12 Kluessendorf Ag Vorrichtung zum zufuehren von bahnfoermigem gut zu einer bearbeitungsstation
FR2649042B1 (fr) * 1989-06-29 1995-04-21 Challenge One Dispositif d'impression et de fourniture de documents de format variable
US5139355A (en) * 1991-05-16 1992-08-18 Printek, Inc. Printer with multi-tractor form shuttle
IT1266919B1 (it) * 1994-08-12 1997-01-21 Tecnau Srl Apparecchiatura di trattamento dei moduli continui stampati da calcolatore
SE516863C2 (sv) * 2000-07-13 2002-03-12 Emsize Ab Växlare för materialbanor, samt förfarande för växling mellan två eller flera materialbanor som individuellt ska behandlas i ett efterföljande arbetsmoment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE507498C (de) * 1930-09-17 Koenig Werk G M B H Maschf Selbsttaetige Bogenanlegevorrichtung mit zwei ueber- oder hintereinander angeordneten selbsttaetigen Bogenanlegern
US1241897A (en) * 1917-04-04 1917-10-02 John H Ananson Paper-holder.
US1417472A (en) * 1921-03-11 1922-05-23 Clifford W Marsh Typewriting machine
US1704618A (en) * 1926-12-18 1929-03-05 Mailaender Wilhelm Application of sheets to printing machines
US1880519A (en) * 1931-10-24 1932-10-04 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Tire building apparatus
US1965404A (en) * 1932-07-14 1934-07-03 Ass Press Multiple copy rack
CH216697A (de) * 1940-02-03 1941-09-15 De Orel Edoardo Ing Dr Hilfsgerät an Schreibmaschinen zur Zuführung von geordneten Bogenstapeln zu der Schreibwalze.
US2628092A (en) * 1949-11-30 1953-02-10 Ibm Mechanism for folding documents over the edge of cards
US3182539A (en) * 1961-03-14 1965-05-11 Jr Lowdon Richard Williams Paper feeding and cutting machine
DE2024271B2 (de) * 1970-05-19 1972-11-30 Triumph Werke Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg Vorrichtung zum verhindern des wiedereinziehens eines ausgeworfenen aufzeichnungstraegers in einer vorsteckeinrichtung an schreib-, buchungs- und aehnlichen maschinen
US3920238A (en) * 1972-10-16 1975-11-18 Canon Kk Copy medium feed device
JPS5712988B2 (fr) * 1972-12-29 1982-03-13
JPS545996B2 (fr) * 1973-07-14 1979-03-23
US4234261A (en) * 1977-04-04 1980-11-18 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Printer
JPS54126711U (fr) * 1978-02-21 1979-09-04
US4222557A (en) * 1978-05-16 1980-09-16 Wang Laboratories, Inc. Printer feeding and stacking

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5783483A (en) 1982-05-25
AU7510181A (en) 1982-03-25
EP0048329A3 (en) 1983-05-11
ES505640A0 (es) 1982-08-16
DE3171119D1 (en) 1985-08-01
ES8206285A1 (es) 1982-08-16
ATE13996T1 (de) 1985-07-15
AU545128B2 (en) 1985-07-04
JPH0436867B2 (fr) 1992-06-17
EP0048329A2 (fr) 1982-03-31
US4390296A (en) 1983-06-28

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