EP0050105A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0050105A2
EP0050105A2 EP81850184A EP81850184A EP0050105A2 EP 0050105 A2 EP0050105 A2 EP 0050105A2 EP 81850184 A EP81850184 A EP 81850184A EP 81850184 A EP81850184 A EP 81850184A EP 0050105 A2 EP0050105 A2 EP 0050105A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gases
combustion
combustion chamber
channel
supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81850184A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0050105A3 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Sjöstrand
Karl-Eric Johnsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE8007077A external-priority patent/SE8007077L/xx
Priority claimed from SE8101135A external-priority patent/SE447754B/sv
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0050105A2 publication Critical patent/EP0050105A2/fr
Publication of EP0050105A3 publication Critical patent/EP0050105A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the combustion of fuels, preferably solid fuels.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and an improved device for the combustion of solid fuels.
  • the exhaust gases are supplied with oxygen by the addition of air and that the temperature of the exhaust gases is elevated by conducting the exhaust gases along a surface which is heated by the supply of heat from-the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber by radiation and/or convection.
  • the air is heated before it is supplied to the exhaust gases.
  • the exhaust gases are conducted from the combustion chamber through a channel, the exhaust gases while flowing through the channel being supplied with oxygen as well as being heated and the exhaust gases being combusted in substantially the same way as in a burner for gaseous or liquid.fuels when the exhaust gases flow out from the channel. Because of the fact that the addition of oxygen to the exhaust gases takes place at a controlled positive pressure it is possible to control the flame created by the combustion of the exhaust gases dependent on the temperature of a medium which is heated by said coinbustion.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to combust solid fuels with high efficiency, pure exhaust gases. and substantially as good control possibilities as in the combustion of.gas and oil.
  • a device for the combustion of solid fuels in the method defined above comprising a combustion chamber, in which the combustion of the fuel is intended to take place, and a device for discharging the exhaust gases created by the combustion from the combustion chamber, said device being characterized by. a device for elevating the temperature of the exhaust gases after the exhaust gases have left the . combustion chamber,.and/or by a device for supplying oxygen to the exhaust gases, whereby the exhaust gases are provided with such properties so as to be combustible.
  • the device according to the invention is designed so that the device for discharging the exhaust gases comprises a channel system which is at least partially positioned between partitions adjoining the combustion chamber and the outer walls of the combustion device.
  • the channel system comprises two at opposite sides of the device positioned, in parallel with the adjoining side of the device extending, substantially U-shaped channels, each channel having an exhaust gas inlet at the upper end of one leg of the U-shaped channel and an exhaust gas outlet at the upper end of the other leg of the U-shaped channel.
  • the combustion device for solid fuels shown in Figs 1 and 2 comprises a cover 2 having an upper door 4 through which the solid fuel can be supplied to the combustion device.
  • the combustion-device is. divided into a combustion chamber 6, . which is defined by the cover 2, a partition 8 and a grate 10, an exhaust gas channel 12, which is defined by the partition 8 and the cover 2, and a space 14 posi.tioned below the grate 10 and i.a. being used for the collection of ash and can have some type of device (not shown) for this purpose.
  • the exhaust gas channel 12 which as appears from Fig.'2 is of less width than the combustion chamber 6 is connected with the combustion chamber through an upper opening 16 and a lower opening 18. At the lower end of the exhaust gas channel 12 the channel is connected with a burner pipe 20 which preferably consists of a ceramic fibre material in order to resist high temperatures and to-be efficiently heat conductive.
  • An air supply pipe 22 opens into the upper portion of the combustion chamber 6
  • An air supply pipe 26 is connected with the space 14 positioned below the grate 10, and a fan 28 is connected with the supply pipe 26 for supplying air to the space 14.
  • the air which is supplied to the space 14 through the pipe 26 by means of the fan 28 is discharged in part to the lower portion of the combustion chamber 6 through-the grate 10 in order to promote the combustion in the combustion chamber 6 and in part to the lower portion of the exhaust gas channel 12 through a duct 30.
  • the air supply pipes 22 and 26 as well as the duct 30 are provided with throttles 32, 34 and 36, respectively, in order to make it possible to control the supply of air to the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas channel in any desired way.
  • the supply of air is effected in such a way that the air is heated in the combustion device before it is introduced into the exhaust gas channel 12.
  • the burner pipe 20 opens into a secondary combustion chamber which for example can be constituted by the combustion chamber of a conventional heating boiler 38 shown by means of broken lines, which is adapted to heat water for radiators and a water heater.
  • a secondary combustion chamber which for example can be constituted by the combustion chamber of a conventional heating boiler 38 shown by means of broken lines, which is adapted to heat water for radiators and a water heater.
  • the fans 24 and 28 can be connected with the heating boiler in order to be controlled dependent on the temperature of the water of the heating boiler 38.
  • the combustion'device is started up by setting fire to a solid fuel, for example wood, which has been introduced through the door 40 and is supported by the grate 10, in a conventional way.
  • a solid fuel for example wood
  • the supply of the air necessary for the combustion is provided either by means of self-draught through the air supply pipe 26 and optionally also the air supply pipe 22 or by the fact that the fan 28 and optionally also the fan 24 compulsory supplies air to the space 14 and the combustion chamber 6, respectively.
  • the exhaust gases created by the combustion are discharged to the exhaust gas channel 12 through the openings 16 and 18 and arrives through the burner pipe 20 into the heating boiler 38 which in a conventional way is connected with a chimney.
  • the throttles 32 and 34 are somewhat closed in order to throttle the. supply of air through the supply pipes 22 and 26.
  • the throttles 32 and 34 are opened and the fans 24 and 28 are started, if the starting thereof has so far not been provided.
  • a supply of air to the lower portion of the combustion chamber through the grate 10 a supply of air to the lower portion of the channel 12 through the duct 30 and a supply of air to the upper portion of the combustion chamber, which provides that exhaust gases mixed with air are supplied to the channel-12 through the openings 16 and 18 while a further supply of air to the exhaust gases is concurrently taking place before the exhaust gases arrive into the burner pipe 22.
  • the air supplied to the exhaust gas channel 12 has been conducted through the heating device before it is supplied to the channel 12, so that the temperature thereof has been elevated and the air does not provide any cooling of the exhaust gases in the channel 12.
  • the fans 24 and 28 can be controlled dependent on the temperature of the water in the heating boiler 38.
  • the temperature of the water in the heating boiler 38 can be controlled dependent on the temperature of the water in the heating boiler 38.
  • the combustion device according to the invention provides possiblities not previously known for obtaining a complete combustion of solid fuels and quite unique possibilities of controlling the combustion of solid fuels with regard to the desired effect.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown a somewhat modified embodiment of a combustion device according to the invention.
  • the combustion device according to Fig. 3 is with regard to essential portions designed in the same way as the combustion device according to Figs 1 and 2, and the portions of the combustion device according to Fig. 3 which correspond to the portions of the combustion device according to Figs 1 and 2 have the same reference numerals as in the last mentioned figures with the addition "a"..
  • the most importantdifference between the combustion device according to Fig. 3 and the combustion device according to Figs 1 and 2 is that the combustion device according to Fig. 3 has its burner pipe 42 positioned at the upper portion of the exhaust gas channel 12a instead of at-the lower portion thereof.
  • combustion device can be connected with a heating boiler in order to be utilized for heating water for radiators and a hot water boiler.
  • a control of the supply of air to the combustion device by means of the fan 28a dependent on the temperature of the water in the heating boiler, so that the flame from the burner pipe 42 is ignited and extinguished in order to maintain the temperature of the water within predetermined limits.
  • a duct between the exhaust gas channel opposite to the upper opening 16 in the partition 8 and the burner pipe 20.
  • the discharge of exhaust gases from the upper portion of the combustion chamber 6 is facilitated.
  • a control throttle there is provided a further possibility of controlling the flame from the burner pipe 20.
  • This discharge of exhaust gases from the upper portion of the combustion chamber is provided in an especially advantageous way in the modification.of the combustion device according to Fig. 1 which is shown in Fig. 4.
  • a separate duct 44 is connected between the upper portion of the combustion chamber 6 and an annular space between the outer surface of the burner pipe-20 and a pipe section 46 concentrically enclosing the burner pipe. The exhaust gases which are supplied to said annular space flow out around the outlet of the burner pipe 20 and take part in the combustion.
  • air supply pipes 22 and 26 can be provided with a common fan instead of having separate fans.
  • the combustion device shown in Figs 5-7 has a cover 102 of sheet metal material and an insulating mat 104 positioned inside the cover and having such properties that a heat admission from the side walls of the combustion device is prevented in an effective way.
  • the cover 102 and the insulating mat 104 form a front wall 106, a back wall 108, side walls 110 and 112 and a bottom 114 of the combustion device.
  • the walls 106-112 and the bottom 114 have walls 116 manufactured from a refractory cast compound having the capacity of resisting temperatures up to about 1.500°C.
  • the channel 126 has a vertical portion 130, a horizontal, lower portion 132 and a vertical portion 134.
  • the U-shaped.channel 128 has a vertical portion 136, a horizontal portion 138 and a vertical portion 140.
  • Openings 142 and 144 extend from the environment up to the horizontal portions 132 and 138, respectively, of the U-shaped channels 126 and 128, respectively, in order to supply secondary air to the channels 126 and 128 at these points.
  • the openings 142 and 144 are controllable by means of throttles (not shown).
  • the combustion chamber 146 is positioned between the partitions 118 and 120 an ' d is at its lower part defined by a grate 148 'below which a space 150 for the collection of ash is positioned.
  • the combustion chamber 146 has a combustion chamber door 152 and the space.150 has an ash door 154.
  • the combustion chamber 146 is connected with the U-shaped channel 126 through an opening 156.
  • exhaust gases from the combustion chamber are supplied to the U-shaped channel 126 through said opening 156, whereupon the exhaust gases flow downwards through the vertical portion 130, the horizontal portion-132 and the vertical portion 134 of the U-shaped channel 126, the vertical portion 134 ending in an opening 158 which is connected with a collection chamber 160 for the exhaust gases.
  • The.U-shaped channel 128 is connected with the combustion-chamber 146 through an opening 162, and exhaust gases from the combustion chamber will flow into the opening 162 downwards through the vertical portion 136, the horizontal portion 138 and upwards through the vertical portion 140 of the U-shaped channel 128 to an opening 164 which conducts the exhaust gases to the collection chamber 160.
  • the inlet opening 156 to the U-shaped channel 126- is positioned diagonally in relation to the inlet opening 162 to the U-shaped channel 128 and the outlet openings 158 and 164 are in a corresponding way positioned diagonally in relation to each other. From the collection chamber 160 the exhaust gases are conducted upwards to a heat exchanger 166 which in accordance therewith is positioned entirely above the combustion device.
  • the embodiment of the combustion device shown in Figs 5-7 is adapted to be used for the combustion of solid fuels but it is recognized that it is possible to modify the combustion device so that it can be used also for oil firing.
  • the wood When firing with wood the wood is thrown into the combustion device through the combustion chamber door 152 to the grate 148 where the wood is ignited.
  • the exhaust gases are conducted through the U-shaped channels 126 and 128 and is supplied with secondary air at the horizontal portions 132 and 138, respectively, of said channels, which'air together with the fact that the temperature.of the exhaust gases is elevated because of the flowing of the gases outside the partitions 128 and 120 adjoining the combustion chamber 146.provides that.the exhaust gases are self-ignited when leaving the collection chamber 160. Thereby there is obtained.a combustion.of the combustible substances of the exhaust gases so that the exhaust gases leaving the combustion device contain 0 % carbon and 0 % CO.
  • the supply of air to the combustion chamber and to the channels 126 and 128 can be provided by means of fans which makes it possible to control the combustion in a more exact and effective way.
  • the combustion in the combustion device takes place at a high temperature providing for a very advantageous efficiency. Also the sub-combustion of the combustible substances of the exhaust gases contributes to the high efficiency.
  • the combustion device In order to provide a lower temperature of the outer surface of the combustion device according to Figs 5-7 it is also possible to provide the combustion device with a space between the cover 102 and the insulating mat 104, said space being connected with the heat exchanger so.that the water flows through said space. Because of the fact that said space is positioned outside the insulating mat 104 it will not have any influence on the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 46 or the temperature of the-exhaust gases in the channel systems 26 and 28.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP81850184A 1980-10-09 1981-10-09 Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides Withdrawn EP0050105A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8007077A SE8007077L (sv) 1980-10-09 1980-10-09 Sett och anordning for forbrenning av fasta brenslen
SE8007077 1980-10-09
SE8101135 1981-02-20
SE8101135A SE447754B (sv) 1981-02-20 1981-02-20 Vermepanna

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0050105A2 true EP0050105A2 (fr) 1982-04-21
EP0050105A3 EP0050105A3 (fr) 1982-09-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81850184A Withdrawn EP0050105A3 (fr) 1980-10-09 1981-10-09 Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides

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EP (1) EP0050105A3 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1984003549A1 (fr) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-13 Malmbergs Verkstaeder Ab Dispositif auxiliaire pour chaudiere conventionnelle
EP0184174A3 (en) * 1984-12-06 1989-03-29 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burning process of materials comprising oxidizable partsburning process of materials comprising oxidizable parts
EP0184749A3 (en) * 1984-12-06 1989-04-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burning process for materials comprising oxidizable parts
WO1989009364A1 (fr) * 1988-03-21 1989-10-05 Josef Harlander Appareil de combustion pour bruler des combustibles solides
CN102444887A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2012-05-09 王乾生 高强无热排可分离回用现温污排兼得高值渣的方法和炉

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB152912A (en) * 1920-02-07 1920-10-28 Hans Schuppmann Improvements in or relating to heating stoves or ranges
CH135433A (de) * 1928-10-29 1929-09-30 Carl Luber & Sohn Feuerungsanlage.
GB797029A (en) * 1955-04-22 1958-06-25 Olof Axel Ohlsson Improvements in or relating to furnaces of the cyclone type
CH473358A (it) * 1967-05-23 1969-05-31 Shunt Italiana S P A Inceneritore per rifiuti ad uso civile ed industriale ad elementi componibili
GB2020403A (en) * 1978-04-19 1979-11-14 Heenan Environmental Systems Combustion furnace and method of operating same
DE2934721A1 (de) * 1979-08-28 1981-03-12 geb. Stiasny Anneliese 8261 Marktl Harlander Wechselbrandkessel.
US4292933A (en) * 1979-11-08 1981-10-06 Hutterian Society Of Brothers Furnace

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1984003549A1 (fr) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-13 Malmbergs Verkstaeder Ab Dispositif auxiliaire pour chaudiere conventionnelle
EP0184174A3 (en) * 1984-12-06 1989-03-29 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burning process of materials comprising oxidizable partsburning process of materials comprising oxidizable parts
EP0184749A3 (en) * 1984-12-06 1989-04-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burning process for materials comprising oxidizable parts
WO1989009364A1 (fr) * 1988-03-21 1989-10-05 Josef Harlander Appareil de combustion pour bruler des combustibles solides
CN102444887A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2012-05-09 王乾生 高强无热排可分离回用现温污排兼得高值渣的方法和炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0050105A3 (fr) 1982-09-29

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