EP0051338B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vermessen der Lage eines Eisenbahngleises - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vermessen der Lage eines Eisenbahngleises Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051338B1
EP0051338B1 EP81201203A EP81201203A EP0051338B1 EP 0051338 B1 EP0051338 B1 EP 0051338B1 EP 81201203 A EP81201203 A EP 81201203A EP 81201203 A EP81201203 A EP 81201203A EP 0051338 B1 EP0051338 B1 EP 0051338B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
points
rail
rails
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81201203A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0051338A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Piantino
Yvan Zeitoun
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Matisa Materiel Industriel SA
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Matisa Materiel Industriel SA
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Priority to AT81201203T priority Critical patent/ATE8917T1/de
Publication of EP0051338A1 publication Critical patent/EP0051338A1/de
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Publication of EP0051338B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051338B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2203/00—Devices for working the railway-superstructure
    • E01B2203/16—Guiding or measuring means, e.g. for alignment, canting, stepwise propagation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting the position of the rails of a railway track for the purposes of checking, correcting and / or recording, using a mobile measuring or working vehicle. moving on the rails as well as a measurement base which is determined from rail reference points and which defines the theoretical route of the rail, which makes it possible to determine the position of at least one measurement point on the rail relative to the measurement base.
  • the rail reference points are notoriously defined using special measuring instruments which equip the measuring and / or working vehicle, or by means of measuring trolleys rolling on the rails at a determined distance in front of or behind the vehicle.
  • the precise mounting and alignment of the reference elements on, above or below the measuring or working vehicle constitute a source of serious drawbacks, above all because of the space required.
  • the invention aims to solve the problem posed by the realization of a simple method to implement for the measurement of the rails, and in which the need to represent the measurement base defined by means of the reference points of the rails is eliminated. by means of a reference material element or by the use of a light ray or an optical axis of an element, while allowing the execution of simultaneous leveling and alignment measurements, as well as possibly the determination and recording of many other parameters relating to the rails.
  • the method according to the present invention is characterized in that a reference line independent of all reference points on the rails is used, this reference line extending at least approximately in the longitudinal direction of the rails. and being fixed to at least one fixed point of the vehicle so as to constitute a reference system independent of the measurement base and of the measurement point; that the coordinates of the reference points of the rails and of the measurement points are measured in relation to this reference system, and that on the one hand, from the coordinates of the reference points of the rails, the measurement base is calculated and, on the other hand, from the coordinates of the measurement points, their deviation from the measurement base is calculated.
  • the measurement method according to the present invention is particularly flexible, since as a general rule and undoubtedly many arbitrary reference points can be taken into account in that it is necessary to have recourse to a material reference element covering all of these reference points.
  • other parameters can also be determined for checking the track layout.
  • the device for implementing the method is characterized in that the reference line is constituted by a rectilinear reference element which is either an integral part of the chassis of the vehicle, or fixed or tensioned with respect to this chassis, this element being at least one electromagnetic ray emitted by a source of radiation fixed to the chassis of the vehicle, or from an optical axis of an optical instrument fixed to the chassis of the vehicle; that measuring means comprising a pendulum are installed at the measuring and reference points of the rails, and arranged so as to measure the coordinates of all the points of the aforementioned rails in a reference system which is defined across the line of reference and the vertical passing through this reference line, preferably in the vertical plane containing this reference line, and finally an automatic computer is provided for processing all the quantities measured.
  • a rectilinear reference element which is either an integral part of the chassis of the vehicle, or fixed or tensioned with respect to this chassis, this element being at least one electromagnetic ray emitted by a source of radiation fixed to the chassis of the vehicle, or from
  • the reference element can be a stretched wire, a fiber, a string or the like. It is recommended to make sure that the element which constitutes the reference line, or the liminous radius which takes its place, is protected from external atmospheric agents; if a light ray is adopted, it must be protected against weakening or rupture due to fog or humidity.
  • a hollow spar will be used for this, which generally comprises the chassis of the measurement or work vehicle, to surround the reference element or the light ray or rays emitted by a light source.
  • Figure 1 shows the principle of the method according to the invention.
  • a straight reference line is defined which extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 1, or of the rails.
  • a cruex spar 4 is used, oriented in the longitudinal direction and which is generally found on the chassis of a vehicle of this kind, and in this spar the straight line which connects the central points A 'and C 'of the two end faces 5 and 6 of the beam, constitutes the reference line s.
  • a straight line materialized by a taut reference element for example a wire, a fiber or the like, or of an immaterial straight line consisting of an optical axis of an optical device or instrument, or of a light ray or a beam of another type of electromagnetic radiation.
  • a measuring mechanism or chassis comprising measuring wheels or feeler rollers rolling on the rails 2 and 3, and the points of contact with these rails define the reference points A and C of the rails.
  • Another measurement mechanism located at any point in the middle of the vehicle, defines with its measurement wheels rolling on the rails the measurements made at the respective points B on the two rails 2 and 3.
  • a pendulum 30 incorporated in each measurement mechanism is used to measure the inclination of the wheel axis and to define the vertical independently of the momentary orientation of the measuring vehicle 1 or the spar 4.
  • This gives the definition of a three-dimensional reference system thanks to the vertical plane containing the reference line s, as shown in Figure 2.
  • an orthogonal coordinate system the origin of which is for example at point A ', and which has the axes x, y and s shown in Figure 2.
  • the reference line s is only defined through the two points A 'and C' and independently of any other point on the rails.
  • the purpose of a rail survey is to determine the difference between a measurement point B on the rails and a measurement base defined by the reference points A and C of these rails, which represents the theoretical profile of the rails. .
  • the measurement base will naturally be a straight line which passes through the reference point A which is on a track section which has not yet been corrected and by the reference point C which is on the already corrected section of track.
  • respective measuring means have been installed at the end faces of the beam, in planes orthogonal to the reference line s and which contain the points A 'and C' , to measure the triangles AA'A and CC'C which are in these planes. Since we know the distance h between the sides arranged face to face of the annular flange wheels of the mobile measuring mechanism, and consequently the distance AA or CC, therefore the base of the triangle, it is now sufficient to measure the two other triangles a1 and a2 or c1 and c2 using two instruments to measure the lengths.
  • a goniometer the angle a or y at point A 'or C' between the adjacent sides of the triangles and, using an instrument to measure the lengths, those of two adjacent sides of triangles a1 or a2, or c1 or c2.
  • the position of the measurement point B relative to the reference line s results from the measurement of the two triangles which are both in the same transverse plane of the beam 4 which is perpendicular to the reference line s and contains the measurement point B.
  • a triangle is located inside the spar 4 and is defined by its apex B ', which is on the reference line s and by the point of intersection of said plane with the two lower edges of the spar 4, of which the distance from point B 'is designated by the symbols b' 1 and b'2.
  • the other triangle is located under the spar 4 and is defined by the two measurement points B of the rails and the point of intersection B "which is in the middle of the lower side of the spar; the sides of the triangle which are adjacent to this intersection point B "are equal to the width i of the beam 4 and therefore they are known.
  • To measure these interior triangles it is necessary to also provide two length measuring instruments to measure the length of the sides b 'and b'2, or else a single length measuring instrument which measures one of these two sides, as well as a goniometer to measure the angle of intersection f31 at point B '.
  • FIG. 1a shows a variant of the measurement arrangement intended to determine the position of the measurement point B in relation to the reference line s.
  • a square will be measured according to the arrangement of FIG. 1 having a side h, which corresponds to the distance between the flanged measuring wheels of the measuring mechanism, a side i, which corresponds to the width of the spar 4, as well as the sides b "and b" 2, which connect in pairs the end points of the two sides mentioned above.
  • four measuring instruments are required, which measure the length of the two sides b "1 and b" 2 as well as the two angles (33 and (34.
  • FIG. 1 b schematically shows the method according to the invention in the case where it is necessary to have in the uncorrected track section of the new one the reference point A and in the already corrected track section two pairs of reference points C and D located at a known distance between them.
  • Three reference points A, C and D for the construction of a circular arc as a measurement base will be necessary to measure or align a curved track in a curve.
  • the reference point D and the point D ' are in the transverse plane containing the rear end face of the beam 4, while the reference point C and the point C' which are in front of said plane are contained in a transverse plane of the beam 4 which is located between the measurement points B and the reference point D and can be measured with the same accuracy as the measurement points B, in accordance with the explanations given above with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • FIGS. 3 to 10 show a first embodiment for implementing the method according to the invention, in which the reference line s is produced in the form of a wire 7 which extends inside a hollow spar 4 of the vehicle chassis.
  • a wire instead of a wire, one can of course also use a fiber, a string or the like. In what follows we will only refer, in general, and for the sake of clarity, to a thread 7.
  • a tube 8 disposed in the center of the beam 4 and in the longitudinal direction thereof, and along its axis extends a wire 7 representing the reference line s.
  • this tube 8 is held in anchor blocks 9 and 10 fixed and centered near the end faces 5 and 6 of the spar 4 by means of stop screws 11 (FIG. 8) screwed into the wall of the spar, where a reinforcing strip 12 is provided all around the spar.
  • stop screws 11 FIG. 8
  • the end of the wire 7 which emerges from the tube 8 is anchored to a guide pin 13, which passes through an opening provided in the center of the end wall 5 of the spar and abuts with its end adjacent to this end wall 5 against an anchoring block 9.
  • the wire 7 is fixed to the rod 14 of the piston 15 of a hydraulic cylinder 16 which is housed in the extension of the tube 8 in the anchor block 10.
  • the wire 7 is tensioned with a predetermined force.
  • the interior of the tube 8 can be filled, by means of a filling connector 16a shown in FIG. 3, with a liquid having the same density or approximately the same density or density as the reference element 7, if one uses advantageously in this case, for reasons of weight, a textile thread but not a metallic thread. This dampens the wire's oscillations and vibrations.
  • a guide pin 17 which jointly defines the first guide pin 13 at the other end of the beam 4, the axis, outside this beam, of the reference line s.
  • measuring devices provided at points A and C and which, in the illustrated embodiment, consist of two length measuring instruments, intended to measure the length of the sides of triangles a1 and a2 as well as c1 and c2 mentioned above.
  • the two length measuring instruments 20 and 21 are mounted in rotation by means of ball bearings 22 and 23 on the guide pin 17 to measure the distances c1 and c2.
  • the two instruments 18 and 19 for measuring the lengths to measure the distances a 1 and a2.
  • the other ends of the length measuring instruments 18, 19 and 20, 21, also visible in FIGS. 4 are articulated on the wheel axles of the two measuring mechanisms which are located at the reference points A or C, and as shown FIG. 9 for the two length measuring instruments 18 and 19 as well as the axle 24 of the measuring wheels 25, which belong to the measuring mechanism 26 and define the reference points A of the rails.
  • the measuring mechanism 26 comprises a guide system with two rods 27 arranged in a V, which are articulated on a support 26a fixed to the chassis of the vehicle and can, by means of a lifting device 28 acting on a cross member 29 connecting these two rods 27 between them, be raised when the vehicle has to be moved from one zone to another.
  • a lifting device 28 acting on a cross member 29 connecting these two rods 27 between them, be raised when the vehicle has to be moved from one zone to another.
  • On the axle of the wheel 24 is fixed in pendulum 30 to measure the inclination of the measuring mechanism relative to the vertical in a plane oriented perpendicular to the rails.
  • the measuring mechanism located at measuring points C as well as at the measurement points B can be carried out exactly like the measurement mechanism 26.
  • the measuring means shown in Figures 3, 6 and 10 at the measuring point B comprises a measuring system installed under the beam 4 and a measuring system installed inside this beam 4.
  • the lower system consists, in the example shown, of two length measuring instruments 31 and 32 (FIG. 6) which connect point B "according to FIG. 1 with the two measuring points B defined by the corresponding measuring wheels and is used to measure the distances or sides of triangle b1 and b2 according to Figure 1.
  • These length measuring instruments can pivot at their upper end around a pivot represented by point B ", while their lower end is articulated on the axle of the wheels of the mechanism corresponding measure.
  • a goniometer 33 is arranged on the aforementioned axis to measure the angina p according to FIG. 1.
  • the internal measurement system shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10, is mounted inside an anchoring block 34, which is made like the anchor blocks 9 and 10, and keeps the tube 8 correctly centered.
  • the internal measurement system in the area of which the tube 8 has an interruption, also consists in the example shown, of two instruments 35 and 36 for measuring the lengths, the upper ends of which, thanks to an eyelet 37, surround the stretched wire. 7 and whose lower ends are articulated on pivots 38 mounted in the lower corners of the anchor blocks 34.
  • One of the instruments 31 or 32, 18 or 19 as well as 20 or 21 for measuring lengths can also be replaced by a goniometer at points B ′′, A ′ and C ′, as indicated in the description of the process according to l with the invention with reference to Figures 1 and 1 a.
  • several of these stabilizing or damping elements 39 could be provided along the wire 7, and this preferably at each wave belly of the wire 7. Thanks to these measures, the oscillations and vibrations are largely damped wire 7.
  • the interior of the anchor blocks 34, with respect to which sections of the tube 8 are fixed or tightly adjusted, can also be filled with this liquid.
  • FIG. 7 There is shown schematically in Figure 7 the measurement system which is located below the beam 4 in the case of a measurement carried out in accordance with the arrangement of Figure 1a.
  • the upper ends of two instruments 40 and 41 for measuring lengths are articulated on two pins 42 and 43 mounted on external projections of the beam 4.
  • the dimension h between the flanges of the measuring wheels 25 of a measuring mechanism, and therefore the spacing between the two rails have been considered to be constant values.
  • the measuring mechanisms are generally biased by a jack mounted on the vehicle chassis against one of the two rails, so that at all times each of the measuring wheels constantly carries on one side with its annular flange against the corresponding rail. All measurements and corrections therefore have these rails as their basis.
  • the gauge of the track is not exactly constant, and varies slightly from one place to another, which is particularly possible in the case of wooden sleepers whose material works over time, it is in principle preferable to carry out measurements and corrections along the axis of the track, therefore to carry out an alignment along this axis.
  • the dimension h will not be taken as a constant but as a variable and measured using a measuring mechanism whose measuring wheels can slide along the axis of the wheels and are constantly solicited in the direction of distance one on the other by a spring or a jack, so that their tubes bear constantly and simultaneously against the two rails.
  • An instrument 47 for measuring the lengths shown in phantom in Figure 9 and mounted on the axle of the measuring wheels 25, is used to measure the generally variable spacing between the rails 2 and 3. From this measured value of h it is easy to take all the measurements on the axis of the track and therefore carry out a correction along this axis.
  • the reference line s is constituted by a light ray 50 emitted by a light source 51 along the axis of the spar 4, this source being located at A 'on the end face 5 of the spar above the rail reference points A.
  • a transparent optical detector 52 comprising several photoelectric cells, preferably four in number, distributed radially and on the opposite end face 6 of the spar il is provided at C ', above the reference points C of the rails, an optical detector 53 of the same type, but not transparent in this case.
  • optical detectors 52 and 53 of a type known per se and which are fixed to the spar 4, it is possible to determine deviations from the centers of these detectors, which would be due to possible deformations of the spar, according to the direction of the light ray 50.
  • the detectors 52 and 53 may possibly be replaced by instruments operating with light-sensitive CCD matrices.
  • the same measurement means are arranged as those described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9, and which are used to measure each position of the track or track points relative to the reference system defined by the light ray 50.
  • the reference line s consists of the light rays 55 and 57 oriented towards one another and emanating from two respective light sources 56 and 58 installed opposite one of the other on the two end faces 5 and 6 of the spar, ie at points A 'and C'.
  • two optical detectors 59 and 60 of the above-mentioned type intended to receive one and the other respectively of the light rays directed towards these detectors so as to allow the position of the beam 4 to be measured in the above-mentioned plane with respect to the reference line thus defined by the light rays, and consequently possible deformations of said beam.
  • FIG. 13 schematically shows an embodiment given by way of example, in which the reference line s is formed by the optical axis 61 of an optical goniometer of known type and which coincides with the axis of the spar 4, this instrument being mounted at A 'on the end face 5 of the spar, above the reference points A of the track.
  • the inside of the spar has been fixed light sources 63, 64 and 65, 66 which emit light rays directed towards the optical angular measurement instrument or goniometer 62. The latter constantly measures the angle formed between the optical axis 61 and these light sources.
  • the value of these angles is known when the beam 4 is not deformed, and they determine the points B 'and C' which are on the optical axis 61 above the points B of measurement of the rails or of the reference points C of the rails in the above-mentioned plane. Deformations of the beam 4 result in corresponding modifications of the angles formed between the optical axis 61 and the light rays and are therefore determined according to the angular value measured.
  • At reference points A and C and at measurement points B there are also provided, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 9, measuring means for reading the respective positions of the track points with respect to the reference system defined according to the optical axis 61.
  • the optical instrument 62 for measuring the angles can be constituted in particular by the apparatus described in patent AT-PS-312,025 for determining the angle of at least two light rays which intersect between them at one point.
  • a so-called almost absolute measurement base is used.
  • a mobile independent measuring carriage 70 which moves at least approximately at the average speed of the vehicle 1, defines a reference point A o situated far ahead and further carries a light source 71.
  • a measuring means 72 which defines the reference line s in any way on this vehicle 1.
  • This means comprises on the one hand a rangefinder operating by electromagnetic radiation in order to determine the distance from the light source 71 and, therefore, the reference point A o , and on the other hand a goniometer, for example of the type described in the aforementioned patent AT- PS 312 025, by which the angle ⁇ , therefore the angular position of the reference point A o with respect to the reference line s on the vehicle 1, can be calculated.
  • the measuring instruments carried by the vehicle 1 at the track points designated in A, B, C, D and E in FIG. 13 can be produced exactly like those of the other embodiments described above.
  • Rail reference points D and E could be embodied by a measuring cart rolling behind the vehicle 1 on the rails, and connected thereto by a control rod, in order to measure the orientation of this measuring cart relative to the vehicle 1 and, therefore, by relative to the beam 4 provided with the reference line.
  • Figures 15 to 18 refer to another embodiment of measuring devices installed at the track points A, B, C and D and possibly at other points located on the track, by means of which the coordinates of these reference points of the rails in a different way compared to what the measuring devices according to Figures 1 to 10 allowed.
  • the distances or angles were measured for the construction of triangles AA'A, etc. (figure 1), so that from these measurement data and using trigonometric functions we can calculate the coordinates of the track points A, B, etc. in a Cartesian coordinate system comprising the reference line s or the points A ', B', etc.
  • the configuration of the measurement means according to FIGS. 15 to 18, on the other hand, makes it possible to directly measure the coordinates necessary in a Cartesian system of coordinates x A , y A ; x e , Y B ; x c , Y c and x a , y D , which, as shown schematically in Figure 15, are obtained in each transverse plane of the spar 4 located at track points A, B, C and D.
  • it is Cartesian systems of relative coordinates which are perpendicular to the axis of the spar 4 and therefore to the reference line s and, as shown in FIG.
  • these coordinates are materialized by a T-shaped part fixed to the longitudinal member 4 and comprising a vertical arm 73 and a cross member 74.
  • the origin of this coordinate system is the point A ', which is on the wire 7 forming the reference line s, which also extends there inside the tube 8 along the axis of the spar 4 .
  • the coordinates y of the reference points A on the rails namely the points of contact between the measuring wheels 25 and the rails 2 and 3, will be measured according to FIG. 16 using two instruments 75 and 76 to measure the distances, which are articulated on the one hand on each end of the cross member 74 at the point of articulation 80 or 81, and on the other hand on the axis 24 of the mobile measuring carriage, near the wheels 25, more precisely at the location of pivots 82 and 83.
  • the x coordinate will be measured using an instrument 77 for measuring the lengths, which is articulated on the one hand on the lower end of the arm 73 at the pivot point 84, and on the other hand to the aforementioned pivot 83 of the length measuring instrument 75.
  • FIG. 15 shows the normal wheels 95 of the measurement vehicle which advances in the direction of the arrow, as well as the measurement wheels 25; the rear reference points D of the track will be defined by the rear wheels of the actual measuring carriage 97 which rolls on the rails and which is fixed by a drawbar 96 to the chassis or the side member 4 of the measuring vehicle, which determines the position of this mobile measuring carriage relative to the beam 4.
  • the coordinates measured in the various coordinate systems, which are therefore determined in each case in the transverse planes of the beam 4 which pass through the points of rails A, B and C, are indicated in FIG. 15.
  • x are the values x e , x b and x c which are determined using the length measuring instrument 77 (FIG.
  • All the measurement means comprise, apart from the pendulum 78 according to FIG. 16, corresponding pendulums with which the angles designated in ⁇ A , 8 B , ⁇ c . or ⁇ D in FIG. 15 will be measured, these angles being formed between on the one hand the longitudinal axis of the arm 73 of FIG. 16 and the other corresponding arm, that is to say each y axis of the different systems coordinates, and on the other hand the vertical. In the event of deformation of the beam 4, all these angles can have different values, in other words, the different relative coordinate systems can have a different orientation between them.
  • FIG. 18 An advantageous arrangement which is suitable for the measurement in question inside the beam 4 is shown in FIG. 18 and includes a measurement system 85 for measuring the displacement in the y direction and a measurement system 86 of exactly the same design but arranged with a angular offset of 90 degrees around the axis of the wire 7 for measuring the displacement in the x direction.
  • the two systems are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the wire 7.
  • This instrument 91 for measuring lengths is of a design known in this technical field, according to which no physical contact is produced between the core 90 and the body of the instrument.
  • the entire measuring system 85, as well as the another measurement system 86 is rigidly fixed by screws 93 to the spar 4 or to the wall of an anchor block fixed inside this spar, according to the arrangement of the blocks 34 of FIG. 10.
  • Each movement of the wire 7 parallel to the rod 87 is transmitted to the instrument 91 and measured by the latter, while a movement in the direction perpendicular to this rod 87 has no effect.
  • each movement of the wire 7 in the x direction will be perceived and transmitted by the cursor of the other system 86.
  • the measurement and reference means are installed on a track straightening machine equipped with roller or roller clamps for leveling and erecting the rails, it may be advantageous if the measuring points B of the track or rails constitute the points of attack of the roller clamps.
  • each measurement or working point B of the rails can serve, immediately after rectification, as a new reference point in the corrected track section for the measurement of the aforementioned parameters which must be recorded, so that it is sufficient provide on the work vehicle, behind the measurement points B or behind the tamping tools, simply two reference points of the rails C and D, arranged one behind the other.
  • the method and the devices according to the invention are also extremely flexible, as demonstrated by the examples of embodiment. tion described and the foregoing explanations, and allow in a rational manner, by means of a suitably programmed automatic computer, to carry out the measurements and / or calculations of all the quantities and of all the necessary parameters.
  • the measuring means can be constituted by measuring instruments known per se, whereby one can use, as apparatus for measuring the lengths, for example instruments operating with electric linear potentiometers.
  • the invention is in no way limited to the exemplary embodiments described, because on the contrary these lend themselves to numerous variants, in particular as regards the construction and the arrangement or realization of the reference lines which define the reference system as well. as the arrangement of the measurement means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Claims (18)

1. Verfahren zum Vermessen der Lage eines Eisenbahngleises zwecks Kontrolle, Korrektur und/oder Registrierung, unter Verwendung eines auf dem Gleis fortbewegten Messfahrzeugs und einer Messbasis, die durch Gleisbezugspunkte (A, C, D) bestimmt ist und den theoretischen Verlauf des Gleises definiert, wobei jeweils die Lage wenigstens eines Messpunktes (B) am Gleis relativ zur Messbasis bestimmt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine von irgendwelchen Gleispunkten (A, B, C, D) unabhängige, sich wenigstens näherungsweise in Längsrichtung des Gleises (2, 3) erstreckende Bezugslinie (s) verwendet wird, welche an wenigstens einem Festpunkt (A') des Fahrzeugs (1) fixiert ist und ein von der Messbasis und dem Messpunkt (B) unabhängiges Bezugssystem definiert, dass die Koordinaten der Gleisbezugspunkte (A, C, D) und der Messpunkte (B) relativ zu diesem Bezugssystem gemessen werden und dass dan einerseits aus den Koordinaten der Gleisbezugspunkte (A, C, D) die Messbasis und andererseits mit den Koordinaten der Messpunkte (B) deren Abweichung von der Messbasis berechnet wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit ein und demselben, durch die Bezugslinie (s) definierten Bezugssystem gleichzeitig sowohl die für das Nivellieren als auch die für das Richten der Gleise erforderlichen Messungen durchgeführt und avsserdem nach den Korrekturoperationen jeweils alle Gleisparameter zwecks Kontrolle der Qualität der Korrektur gemessen und registriert werden.
3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugslinie (s) durch ein geradliniges Bezugselement (7), welches Teil des Chassis des Fahrzeugs (1) oder an diesem befestigt oder gespannt ist, durch wenigstens einen elektromagnetischen Strahl (50; 55, 57) wenigstens einer auf dem Fahrzeugchassis befestigten Strahlungsquelle, insbesondere einer Lichtquelle (51; 56, 58), oder durch die optische Achse (61) eines am Fahrzeugchassis befestigten optischen Geräts (62) gebildet ist, dass in Höhe aller Gleisbezugs- und Messpunkte (A, B, C, D) Pendel (30; 78) einschliessende Messanordnungen installiert und dazu eingerichtet sind, die Koordinaten aller erwähnten Gleispunkte (A, B, C, D) in einem Bezugssystem zu messen, welches durch die Bezugslinie (s) und die durch das Pendel (30; 78) gegebene Vertikale, vorzugsweise die durch die Bezugslinie (s) gehande vertikale Ebene, definiert ist, und dass ein automatischer Rechner zur Auswertung aller Messgrössen vorgesehen ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 auf einem Mess- oder Arbeitsfahrzeug, dessen Chassis oder Gestell wenigstens einen in Längsrichtung orientierten hohlen Balken aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugslinie (s) im Innern des Balkens (4) verläuft.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugslinie (s) ein an beiden Stirnseiten (5, 6) des Balkens (4) befestigtes und gespanntes Bezugslement (7) in Form eines Drahtes, Fadens oder dergleichen ist, dass unterhalb der beiden Stirnseiten (5, 6) Gleisbezugspunkte (A, C) definierende Messräder (25) auf den Schienen (2, 3) aufliegen, dass an jeder Balkenstirnseite (5, 6) eine der erwähnten Messanordnungen (18, 19, 20, 21; 75, 75, 77) installiert ist und dass wenigstens in einer durch die Gleismesspunkte (8) gehenden, zwischen den Balkenstirnseiten (5, 6) liegenden Querschnittsebene des Balkens (4) eine Messanordnung mit ausserhalb und innerhalb des Balkens installierten Messgeräten (31, 32, 33; 35, 36; 85, 86) vorgesehen und dazu eingerichtet ist, in dieser Querschnittsebene des Balkens (4) einerseits die Lage des Balkens (4) relativ zu den Messpunkten (B) und andererseits die Lage des Bezugselementes (7) relativ zum Balken (4) zu messen.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die an den Balkenstirnseiten (5, 6) installierten Messanordnungen um einen auf der Achse des gespannten Bezugselementes (7) liegenden Führungszapfen (13, 17) in der durch die jeweiligen Gleisbezugspunkte (A, C) gehenden, orthogonal zum Bezugselement (7) orientierten Ebene drehbar gelagert und dazu eingerichtet sind, die Abstände zwischen dem Führungszapfen (13, 17) und den Gleisbezugspunkten (A, C) zu messen, dass die in der durch die Gleismesspunkte (B) gehenden Querschnittsebene des Balkens (4) angeordnete innere Messanordnung (35, 36) dazu eingerichtet ist, die Abstände zwischen dem Bezugselement (7) und zwei Punkten im Innern des Balkens zu messen, und dass die in der letzterwähnten Querschnittsebene angeordnete äussere Messanordnung (31, 32, 33; 40, 41, 44, 45) dazu eingerichtet ist, den Abstand zwischen wenigstens einem Punkt des Balkens (4) und den Gleismesspunkten (B) zu messen.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle Messanordnungen nur Längenmessgeräte (75, 76, 77; 91) aufweisen, welche so montiert und orientiert sind, dass sie direkt die Koordinaten der Gleispunkte (A, B, C, D) in je einem relativen kartesischen Koordinatensystem (xA, yA; XBI y,; ... ) messen, welches in jeder der durch die erwähnten Gleispunkte gehenden Querschnittsebenen des Balkens (4) an diesem fixiert ist.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bezugselement (7) längs der Achse eines Rohres (8) verläuft, welches im Innern des Balkens (4) durch mehrere Verankerungsblöcke (9, 10, 34) zentriert gehalten wird.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bezugselement (7) mit seinem einen Ende am Kolben (14, 15) eines druckmittel-betätigten Zylinders (16) befestigt und dadurch mit einer vorgebbaren konstanten Zugkraft beaufschlagt ist.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Innere des Rohres (8) zwecks Dämpfung von Schwingungen des Bezugselements (7) mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist, die wenigstens näherungsweise das gleiche spezifische Gewicht wie das Bezugselement (7) hat.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Bezugselement (7) wenigstens ein mit radialen Flügeln versehenes Dämpfungselement (39) befestigt ist.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr (8) mitsamt dem darin eingespannten Bezugselement (7) und gegebenenfalls mit dem druckmittelbetätigten Zylinder (16) eine auswechselbare Baueinheit bildet, welche auswechselbar in den Balken (4) hinein bzw. aus dem Balken herausgeschoben werden kann.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugslinie (s) vom Lichtstrahl (50) einer an der einen Balkenstirnseite (5) installierten Lichtquelle (51) gebildet ist und dass in einer orthogonal zum Lichtstrahl (50) orientierten, durch die Messpunkte (B) gehenden Ebene ein transparenter optischer Detektor (52), zum Beispiel mit mehreren radial verteilten Photozellen oder einer CCD-Matrix, und an der gegenüberliegenden Balkenstirnseite (6) ein optischer Detektor (5) gleicher Bauart angeordnet sind.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugslinie (s) von den miteinander ausgerichteten Lichtstrahlen (55, 57) zweier Lichtquellen (56, 58) gebildet ist, welche einander gegenüberliegend an den beiden Balkenstirnseiten (5, 6) installiert sind, und dass in einer orthogonal zu diesen Lichtstrahlen orientierten, durch die Messpunkte (B) gehenden Ebene zwei optischen Detektoren (59, 60) für den einen bzw. den anderen Lichtstrahl angeordnet sind, welche, zum Beispiel mittels mehrerer radial verteilter Photozellen oder je einer CCD-Matrix, dazu eingerichtet sind, die Lage des Balkens (4) in der erwähnten Ebene relativ zu der durch die Lichtstrahlen definierten Bezugslinie (s) zu messen.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugslinie (s) durch die optische Achse (61) eines optischen Winkelmessgeräts (62) gebildet ist, das an einer Balkenstirnseite (5) installiert ist, und dass am Balken (4) oberhalb der Messpunkte (B) und an der anderen Balkenstirnseite (6) je zwei Lichtquellen (63, 64, 65, 66) mit auf das Winkelmessgerät gerichteten Lichtstrahlen befestigt sind.
16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zur Bildung einer quasi-absoluten Messbasis ein in beliebigem Abstand vor dem eigentlichen Mess- oder Arbeitsfahrzeug (1) auf dem Gleis (2, 3) rollendes, unabhängiges Messfahrgestell (70) aufweist, welches einen vorderen Bezugspunkt (Ao) definiert, und dass auf dem eigentlichen Mess- oder Arbeitsfahrzeug (1) eine besondere Messanordnung (72) installiert ist, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Lage eines charakteristischen Punktes, insbesondere einer Lichtquelle (71), auf dem Messfahrgestell (70) relativ zu dem durch die Bezugslinie (s) definierten Bezugssystem zu messen, und vorzugsweise einen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung arbeitenden Entfernungsmesser und ein optisches Winkelmessgerät aufweist, mit welchen die Entfernung zum erwähnten Lichtpunkt (71) des Messfahrgestells (70) und dessen Winkellage relativ zur Bezugslinie (2) bestimmbar sind.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 16, auf einer mit Rollenzangen arbeitenden Gleiskorrekturmaschine zum Nivellieren und Richten des Gleises, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gleismesspunkte (8) die Angriffspunkte der Rollanzangen sind.
18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 16 auf einem mit wenigstens einer Gleisstopfvorrichtung ausgerüsteten Arbeitsfahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Gleismesspunkte (B) unmittelbar vor und hinter der Gleisstopfvorrichtung vorgesehen sind und die gemessenen Koordinaten dazu dienen, einen dazwischenliegenden mittleren Gleismesspunkt zu berechnen.
EP81201203A 1980-11-04 1981-10-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vermessen der Lage eines Eisenbahngleises Expired EP0051338B1 (de)

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CH683109A5 (de) * 1991-06-10 1994-01-14 Matisa Materiel Ind Sa Messeinrichtung für Geleisebaumaschinen.
DE10045468B4 (de) * 2000-09-14 2007-04-05 Rte Technologie Gmbh Gleismeßeinrichtung
DE10303177A1 (de) * 2003-01-27 2004-07-29 Max Bögl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum Einrichten eines Fertigteiles und Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Messprismen
CN103983224B (zh) * 2014-05-29 2016-12-07 上海飞机制造有限公司 一种大尺度部件实测位姿拟合方法
EP2960371B1 (de) 2014-06-27 2017-08-09 HP3 Real GmbH Vorrichtung zum Vermessen von Gleisen
CN113340181B (zh) * 2021-05-31 2023-04-07 广州文冲船舶修造有限公司 一种轴件中心线的延长线寻找方法
FR3141474B1 (fr) * 2022-10-27 2025-01-17 Tso Catenaires Chariot de mesure pour une voie ferrée comprenant un dispositif de correction de dévers

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US3389469A (en) * 1965-07-05 1968-06-25 Plasser Franz Mobile track correction apparatus
AT305333B (de) * 1967-06-05 1973-02-26 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Einrichtung zum Ausrichten eines Gleises
AT311403B (de) * 1969-01-22 1973-11-12 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Einrichtung an Gleisbearbeitungsmaschinen zur Überwachung der Korrektur der Lage eines zu bearbeitenden Gleises
CH510171A (fr) * 1969-12-26 1971-07-15 Matisa Materiel Ind Sa Procédé pour le contrôle et/ou la rectification d'une voie ferrée et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
CH529655A (de) * 1970-02-25 1972-10-31 Mini Verkehrswesen Verfahren zur Kontrolle und Bewertung der Gleislage
AT323787B (de) * 1972-03-14 1975-07-25 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Anordnung zur korrektur von lagefehleen in gleisen
AT359110B (de) * 1977-08-16 1980-10-27 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Selbstfahrbare gleisbaumaschinenanordnung

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