EP0051614B1 - Verpackungsverfahren und behälter zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents

Verpackungsverfahren und behälter zur durchführung des verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051614B1
EP0051614B1 EP81901135A EP81901135A EP0051614B1 EP 0051614 B1 EP0051614 B1 EP 0051614B1 EP 81901135 A EP81901135 A EP 81901135A EP 81901135 A EP81901135 A EP 81901135A EP 0051614 B1 EP0051614 B1 EP 0051614B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
elements
reserve
predetermined temperature
replaced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81901135A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0051614A1 (de
Inventor
Claude René GUILLON
Annick Schwarz Guillon
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Sofrigam
Original Assignee
Sofrigam
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sofrigam filed Critical Sofrigam
Priority to AT81901135T priority Critical patent/ATE9310T1/de
Publication of EP0051614A1 publication Critical patent/EP0051614A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0051614B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051614B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a packaging method and a box for its implementation.
  • the present invention relates to the packaging of products which must remain subject to determined temperature conditions, generally different from the ambient conditions, for example for reasons of preservation as is the case with regard to certain fresh food products or the vaccines, which it is important to keep at a temperature below a determined temperature threshold, whatever the ambient temperature conditions, during their transport or their storage outside refrigerated rooms.
  • FR-A-1,124,663 describes a method of preserving a perishable product such as edible ice, consisting of garnishing with cold storage accumulators, suitably cooled, the inner faces of the bottom and of the lateral periphery of a usual corrugated cardboard box, before placing the product in the interior space thus delimited, then covering this product with another suitably cooled frigor accumulator element, and finally closing the box; with the exception of this last accumulator element, the accumulator elements are in this case all placed in the box before the product to be packaged.
  • Such a method of packaging can give any satisfaction when it comes to packing in a chamber a reduced number of objects, requiring only a short time of keeping the chamber in the open state and offering conveniences.
  • rational positioning of the accumulator elements respectively of frigories or calories that is to say generally a positioning of these elements along the insulating walls of the enclosure to create at this level a respectively cold or hot barrier, as it is the case in FR-A-1 124 663, more particularly concerned with the packaging of a single food ice cream of parallelepiped shape.
  • the known packaging technique consists in distributing arbitrarily between the products, as and when they are placed in the enclosure kept open, elements accumulating frigories (in the case of vaccines or sera ), brought to the required temperature.
  • the random distribution of the accumulators of frigories within the packaged products gives rise to temperature heterogeneities inside the enclosure, and in particular to relatively hot points where the temperature can exceed the maximum threshold of temperature that the product to be conditioned cannot safely exceed; caution therefore also requires oversizing the accumulator elements, or providing for an excessive number.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks, by offering the possibility of placing the elements which accumulate calories or frigories in the enclosure after the products to be packaged have been placed therein, with the possibility of optimal distribution of the accumulator elements, making it possible to use them to the best and consequently to reduce their number and their size to a minimum necessary.
  • the packaging method according to the invention for products which must remain subjected to determined temperature conditions, generally different from the ambient conditions, consisting in placing in a thermally insulated packaging enclosure, initially open in a determined zone, removable reserve elements, then the products, in the volume delimited by the reserve elements in the enclosure, to then remove the reserve elements and replace them with calorie or frigory accumulator elements previously brought to a predetermined temperature required and having shapes and dimensions similar to those of the reserve elements, and in closing the enclosure, is characterized in that the interior periphery of the enclosure, open in said zone, is entirely covered with removable reserve elements before placing the products in the volume delimited by these elements inside the enclosure, then, after having placed the products, only part of the reserve elements are removed and replaced by accumulator elements brought to said temperature predetermined and having shapes and dimensions similar to those of the replaced reserve elements, then placed in the enclosure, at the level of said zone thereof, accumulator elements brought to said predetermined temperature and having shapes and dimensions such that '' they are contiguous with the previously placed accumulator
  • reserve elements can also be distributed inside the enclosure with a view to subsequent replacement, after the product has been put in place, by accumulator elements, which makes it possible to obtain an internal compartmentalization of the enclosure by means of accumulator elements which lose practically nothing of the frigories or calories stored before the enclosure is closed.
  • the box has externally as internally the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, particularly well suited to a stack and a juxtaposition of boxes in a minimal space, but it is naturally possible to implement the invention on boxes of different shape.
  • the box has walls having thermal insulation properties; thus, in the example illustrated, the box is defined by a corrugated cardboard envelope 2 integrally lined internally with plates 3 to 8 of a material having qualities of thermal insulation, such as for example a polyurethane foam. having in the form of plates or molded elements which, at their junction generally near an edge of the box, have a form of mutual interlocking in baffles; the thickness of these plates or insulating elements 3 to 8 is chosen as a function of the desired duration of conservation in the box of the products which it is desired to package therein, of the ambient temperature at which this box is intended to be exposed externally, and the nature of the products to be kept in this box.
  • a corrugated cardboard envelope 2 integrally lined internally with plates 3 to 8 of a material having qualities of thermal insulation, such as for example a polyurethane foam. having in the form of plates or molded elements which, at their junction generally near an edge of the box, have a form of mutual interlocking in baffles; the thickness of these plates or insulating elements
  • the envelope 2 of corrugated cardboard is in the form, known per se in the field of packaging cartons, of a belt defined by four walls 9 to 12 rectangular, parallel two by two and identical two by two, that l 'We will assume oriented vertically and connected two by two, at right angles, along vertical edges of the envelope 2; each of these walls 9 to 11 carries, respectively along its upper horizontal edge and along its lower horizontal edge, flaps which, folded down and superimposed in a position which is supposed to be horizontal, respectively form a cover and a bottom for envelope 2; thus, in the example illustrated, the two vertical, parallel, identical walls 9 and 11 carry along their upper edge a rectangular flap, not visible for reasons of clarity as regards wall 9 but visible and designated by the reference 13 with regard to the wall 11, and along their lower edge a flap also invisible with regard to the wall 9 and designated by the reference 14 with regard to the wall 11; similarly, the pa identical vertical kings 10 and 12 carry along their respective upper edges a rectangular flap, respectively 15 and 16, and along their respective lower edges a second flap, respectively 17
  • the envelope is completely closed when the flaps fitted to the upper edges of the four walls 9 to 12 are folded over each other at right angles to the walls 9 to 12, to define the cover of the envelope, as well as the flaps fitted to the lower edges of the walls 9 to 12 and which, folded over each other at 90 ° relative to these walls, define the bottom of the envelope.
  • each of these elements 3 to 8 has inwardly the box a flat face, respectively 19 to 24, parallel to the wall of the casing 2 that this element doubles, that is to say respectively to the walls 9 to 12, to the bottom wall and to the cover wall , these faces being contiguous to define the enclosure 1.
  • the inside the enclosure 1 of the removable reserve elements the role of which is to provide inside the enclosure, during filling thereof, volumes capable of receiving thereafter, before closing, elements which accumulate calories from frigories brought to a predetermined temperature required by the preservation of the packaged product.
  • reserve elements can have various shapes and be distributed in various ways inside the enclosure 1, provided that they can be removed and replaced by calorie or frigory accumulating elements after at least partial filling, and preferably total, from enclosure 1 using the product to be packaged.
  • these reserve elements may constitute an interior partitioning of the enclosure 1, and be in the form of vertical panels 25 in the position of the box illustrated in FIG. 1, which can be extracted by the open cover of the latter, after filling with product to condition the volume which they delimit inside the enclosure 1, to replace them by accumulators of calories or frigories.
  • reserve elements fully cover the walls of the open box, inside the enclosure 1.
  • the reserve elements 26, the only role of which is to temporarily reserve, during the filling of the enclosure 1, the volume necessary for the accumulators of calories or frigories, can be of very diverse realization; it may for example be thick corrugated cardboard, possibly in multiple thickness, but other embodiments could naturally be chosen without departing from the scope of the invention; advantageously, these elements are made of a sufficiently strong material so that they can be reused.
  • the box Before filling, the box is in the form illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, where the reserve panels 26 to 30 are in place against the corresponding faces and where, the upper flaps such as 13, 15 and 16 being placed in a position where they release the upper face of the box, the element 8 is removed to allow access to the interior of the enclosure 1; the bottom flaps such as 14, 17, 18 then temporarily occupy their closed position, where they are superimposed in a position at right angles to the side walls 9 to 12 of the envelope 2.
  • the volume delimited inside the enclosure 1 is filled with the reserve elements 26 to 30, as shown by the arrows 31 in FIG. 3, to a level at most equivalent to the level 24a which is intended to occupy the face 24 of the element 8 when the box is closed, and preferably only up to a level 24b lower than this level 24a by a distance equivalent to the thickness of an element 37 accumulator of calories or frigories that we will then place above the product 32 in the enclosure before closing it by the element 8 and then by superposition of the flaps such as 13, 15 and 16, as will appear below.
  • the product 32 and the respective upper edges of the accumulator elements 34 to 36 and of the accumulator element substituted for the reserve element 27 are then covered, by means of a similar accumulator element 37, also brought beforehand to the predetermined temperature. required; taking into account the difference between levels 24a and 24b, the similarity of shapes and dimensions between the accumulator elements and the reserve elements which they replace, and the filling with product 32 up to level 24b during the step illustrated in FIG. 4, the element 37 is joined to the accumulator elements 34 to 36 and the analogous accumulator element substituted for the reserve element 27, at the level of the respective upper edges of these elements, and fully occupies the volume located inside the enclosure, between levels 24b and 24a.
  • the element 37 is then covered by means of the element 8, which closes the enclosure 1 at its upper part by fitting onto the respective upper edges of the insulating elements 3 to 6 and comes into contact through its face 24, at level 24a, with the accumulator element 37, then the envelope 2 is closed by folding and superimposing the flaps such as 15, 13 and 16 horizontally, which is then secured between them, which places the assembly in the state illustrated in FIG. 7, where the enclosure 1, around the product 32, is lined internally with accumulator elements such as 34 to 37, over its entire periphery at l except for its bottom corresponding to the face 23 of the insulating element 7, at the level of which it is still only doubled by the reserve element 26.
  • the next stage of packaging consists of inverting the box, which places the flaps such as 14, 17, 18 in an upper horizontal position, as well as the reserve element 26 and the insulating element 7, as shown in the diagram. figure 8.
  • the envelope is then opened by pivoting flaps such as 14, 17, 18, which releases the insulating element 7 which is then removed to open the enclosure and release the reserve element 26 , which we remove as shown diagrammatically the arrows 38 in FIG. 9.
  • the reserve element 26 is then replaced by an accumulator element 39 brought beforehand to a required predetermined temperature and which, because of its shape and dimensions identical to those of the element 26, comes superimpose by its edges on the corresponding edges of the accumulator elements such as 34 to 36 doubling the respective faces 19 to 22 of the insulating elements 3 to 6.
  • the insulating element 7 is then replaced, which is superimposed on the element 39 and on the edges of the insulating elements 3 to 6 then turned upwards, as shown in FIG. 11, then the envelope 2 is closed by folding down the flaps such as 14, 17, 18 in a horizontal position, at 90 ° relative to the walls 9 to 12, position in which these flaps are secured.
  • FIG. 12 The structure then presented by the packaging is illustrated in FIG. 12, where it can be seen that the product 32 is completely enveloped by a double barrier constituted towards the outside by the thermal insulating elements, of which only are visible in FIG. 12 the elements 4, 6, 7, 8, and inwards by the accumulator elements previously brought to the required predetermined temperature, and of which are visible in Figure 12 only the elements 34, 36, 37, 39; it will be noted that these two barriers are continuous, and that the barrier constituted by the accumulator elements brought to the required temperature is placed as late as possible during the packaging process, which makes it possible to place the conditioned product 32 in optimal conditions of storage at the predetermined temperature required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur Verpackung von Produkten, die unter bestimmten Temperaturbedingungen gelagert werden müssen, die im allgemeinen von Raumtemperaturen abweichen, bei dem in einem Verpakkungsbehälter (1) mit thermischer Isolierung (3,4,5, 6, 7, 8), der anfänglich in einem bestimmten Bereich (13, 15, 16) offen ist, bewegliche Austauschelemente (27, 28, 29, 30) angebracht werden, dann die Produkte (32), in den von den Austauschelementen im Behälter (1) begrenzten Raum eingebracht werden, worauf die Austauschelemente (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) entfernt und durch Wärme- oder Kälteakkus (34, 35, 36, 39) ersetzt werden, die vorher auf eine vorherbestimmte erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wurden, und die in Form und Dimensionen genau den Austauschelementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) entsprechen, worauf der Behälter geschlossen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der im genannten Bereich (13, 15, 16) offene Behälter (1) an allen Innenwänden mit beweglichen Austauschelementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) ausgekleidet wird, bevor die Produkte (32) in den von den Elementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) im Inneren des Behälters (1) begrenzten Raum eingebracht werden, worauf nach Einbringung der Produkte (32) nur ein Teil (27, 28, 29, 30) der Austauschelemente (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) entfernt wird und durch Akkumulatoren (34, 35, 36) ersetzt werden, die vorher auf die genannte erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wurden, und die in Form von Dimensionen genau den beweglichen Austauschelementen (27, 28, 29, 30) entsprechen, worauf in den Behälter (1) im genannten Bereich (13, 15, 16) Akkumulatoren (37) eingesetzt werden, die auf die genannte erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wurden, und die in Form und Dimensionen genau mit den vorher angebrachten Akkumulatoren (34, 35, 36) zusammenpassen, worauf der genannte Bereich (13, 15, 16) im Behälter (1) geschlossen wird, und dieser Behälter (1) in einem anderen Bereich (14, 17, 18), im Bereich der verbliebenen Austauschelemente (26) geöffnet wird, worauf diese Elemente (26) entfernt und durch Akkumulatoren (39) ersetzt werden, die auf die genannte erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wurden, und in Form und Dimensionen genau den ersetzten Austauschelementen (26) entsprechen, wobei die Akkumulatoren (34, 35, 36, 39) entlang ihres gesamten Umfangs ineinander eingreifen, und so im Inneren des Behälters (1) eine durchgehende, auf die erforderliche Temperatur gebrachte Sperre bilden, worauf der Behälter (1) wieder geschlossen wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der genannte Verpackungsbehälter (1) eine Bodenwand (14,17, 18), mindestens eine seitliche Aussenwand (9, 10, 11, 12) und eine Deckelwand (13, 15, 16) aufweist, die den genannten anfänglichen Öffnungsbereich des Behälters (1) bildet, wobei die genannten Wände (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) mit einer thermischen Isolierung (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) versehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bodenwand (14, 17, 18) und die seitliche Aussenwand (9, 10, 11, 12) des im genannten Bereich (13, 15, 16) geöffneten Behälters (1) zur Gänze mit beweglichen Austauschelementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) im Inneren des Behälters (1) ausgekleidet werden, bevor die Produkte (32) in den aus den Elementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) im Inneren des Behälters (1) begrenzten Raum eingebracht werden, worauf nach Einbringung der Produkte (32) die Austauschelemente (27, 28, 29, 30), die der seitlichen Aussenwand (9, 10, 11, 12) entsprechen, entfernt und durch Akkumulatoren (34, 35, 36) ersetzt werden, die auf die genannte erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wurden, und die in Form und Dimensionen genau jenen der beweglichen Austauschelemente entsprechen, worauf in den Behälter (1) im genannten Öffnungsbereich (13, 15, 16) dieses Behälters (1) Akkumulatoren (37) eingebracht werden, die auf die erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wurden, und die in Form und Dimensionen genau mit den vorher angebrachten Akkumulatoren (34, 35, 36) entlang ihres gesamten Umfangs zusammenpassen, worauf der genannte Öffnungsbereich (13,15,16) im Behälter (1) mit Hilfe der Deckelwand (13,15,16) verschlossen wird, und der Behälter (1) im Bereich der Bodenwand (14,17,18) wieder geöffnet wird, worauf die der Bodenwand (14, 17, 18) entsprechenden Austauschelemente (26) entfernt werden, und durch Akkumulatoren (39) ersetzt werden, die die erforderliche Temperatur aufweisen, und die in Form und Dimension genau den Austauschelementen (26) entsprechen, wobei die Akkumulatoren (34, 35, 36, 39) über ihren gesamten Umfang ineinander eingreifen, und so im Inneren des Behälters (1) eine durchgehende, auf die erforderliche Temperatur gebrachte Sperre bilden, worauf der Behälter mit Hilfe der Bodenwand (14, 17, 18) wieder geschlossen wird.
3. Gehäuse für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 2, bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Wänden (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) mit einer Isolierung (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), die eineinander eingreifen, und einen Behälter (1) mit einer Bodenwand (14, 17, 18), mindestens einer seitlichen Aussenwand (9, 10, 11,'12) und mindestens einer Deckelwand (13, 15, 16) begrenzen, wobei diese eine Öffnung freigeben kann, und aus im Inneren des Behälters (1) beweglichen Austauschelementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30), die durch Wärme- und Kälteakkus (34, 35, 36, 39) ersetzt werden können, die in Form und Dimensionen den ersetzten Austauschelementen (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) genau entsprechen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Austauschelemente (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) entlang der seitlichen Aussenwand (9, 10, 11, 12) und der Bodenwand (14, 17, 18) im Inneren des Behälters (1) eine durchgehende Dämmung bilden, und dass die Bodenwand (14, 17, 18) geöffnet und dann wieder verschlossen werden kann.
EP81901135A 1980-05-07 1981-05-05 Verpackungsverfahren und behälter zur durchführung des verfahrens Expired EP0051614B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81901135T ATE9310T1 (de) 1980-05-07 1981-05-05 Verpackungsverfahren und behaelter zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8010197 1980-05-07
FR8010197A FR2482052B1 (fr) 1980-05-07 1980-05-07 Procede de conditionnement et boite pour sa mise en oeuvre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051614A1 EP0051614A1 (de) 1982-05-19
EP0051614B1 true EP0051614B1 (de) 1984-09-12

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EP81901135A Expired EP0051614B1 (de) 1980-05-07 1981-05-05 Verpackungsverfahren und behälter zur durchführung des verfahrens

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Country Link
US (1) US4468913A (de)
EP (1) EP0051614B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE9310T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3165959D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2482052B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1981003162A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4318760A1 (de) * 1993-06-05 1994-12-08 Heinrich Hintermeier Container
DE10151895A1 (de) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-15 Hussmann & Hahn Gmbh & Co Temperaturisolierende Verpackung mit Innenkühlung

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FR2604981B1 (fr) * 1986-10-13 1989-06-30 Oris Ind Emballage isotherme
DE3720902A1 (de) * 1987-06-24 1989-01-05 Gervais Danone Ag Verfahren zur darbietung kuehlungsbeduerftiger waren in verkaufsraeumen sowie behaelter zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DK0452456T3 (da) * 1989-10-26 1995-06-06 Resource America Inc Genbrugsforsendelsesenhed
US5131212A (en) * 1989-10-26 1992-07-21 Resource America, Inc. Recycle shipping assembly
US5247747A (en) * 1989-10-26 1993-09-28 Resource America, Inc. Recycle shipping container
US5146732A (en) * 1989-10-26 1992-09-15 Resource America, Inc. Recycle shipping assembly
FR2684357A1 (fr) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-04 Pascal Christian Emballage pour le transport d'objets devant etre maintenus a une temperature constante.
GB2284595B (en) * 1993-11-23 1997-10-08 Paragon Packaging Supplies Lim Insulation box
US5979693A (en) * 1997-12-29 1999-11-09 Bane, Iii; William W. Panel for shipping containers
US6189330B1 (en) 1998-01-06 2001-02-20 Campbell Soup Company Container, system and process for shipping and storing food products and method for recycling shipping and storage containers
DE102006049031B4 (de) * 2006-10-13 2009-10-22 Futuree Fuel Cell Solutions Gmbh Tragbehälter einer Energieversorgungseinheit mit Brennstoffzellen, dessen Verwendung und Verfahren zur Gefährdungsreduzierung
US8919082B1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2014-12-30 Iowa E. P. S. Products, Inc. Collapsible foam shipping cooler for perishables and method of making
US11975907B2 (en) 2017-05-11 2024-05-07 United States Postal Service Systems and methods for maintaining temperature control of items in a distribution network
US20240006211A1 (en) * 2022-06-30 2024-01-04 Gudeng Precision Industrial Co., Ltd. Protective package assembly

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US2302639A (en) * 1939-01-31 1942-11-17 William E Moore Method of packaging and refrigerating perishable commodities
US2393245A (en) * 1944-01-18 1946-01-22 Charles E Hadsell Refrigerating container
US2897641A (en) * 1951-12-11 1959-08-04 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Packaging methods
FR1124663A (fr) * 1955-04-14 1956-10-16 Glaces Gervais Moyens de conservation par le froid de produits périssables ou autres
US3204385A (en) * 1961-10-05 1965-09-07 Continental Aviat & Eng Corp Method of packaging articles in foam plastic
US3182884A (en) * 1962-10-11 1965-05-11 Sonoco Products Co Refrigerating package
US3733768A (en) * 1971-02-12 1973-05-22 B Carls Storage of histology specimens

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4318760A1 (de) * 1993-06-05 1994-12-08 Heinrich Hintermeier Container
DE10151895A1 (de) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-15 Hussmann & Hahn Gmbh & Co Temperaturisolierende Verpackung mit Innenkühlung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0051614A1 (de) 1982-05-19
ATE9310T1 (de) 1984-09-15
WO1981003162A1 (fr) 1981-11-12
DE3165959D1 (en) 1984-10-18
US4468913A (en) 1984-09-04
FR2482052A1 (fr) 1981-11-13
FR2482052B1 (fr) 1986-03-21

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