EP0053371A2 - Marche d'escalier et procédé pour sa réalisation - Google Patents

Marche d'escalier et procédé pour sa réalisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0053371A2
EP0053371A2 EP81109950A EP81109950A EP0053371A2 EP 0053371 A2 EP0053371 A2 EP 0053371A2 EP 81109950 A EP81109950 A EP 81109950A EP 81109950 A EP81109950 A EP 81109950A EP 0053371 A2 EP0053371 A2 EP 0053371A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formwork
miter
synthetic resin
concrete
formwork panels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81109950A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0053371B1 (fr
EP0053371A3 (en
Inventor
Alfred Jagemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81109950T priority Critical patent/ATE12805T1/de
Publication of EP0053371A2 publication Critical patent/EP0053371A2/fr
Publication of EP0053371A3 publication Critical patent/EP0053371A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0053371B1 publication Critical patent/EP0053371B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/16—Surfaces thereof; Protecting means for edges or corners thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stair step consisting of a lost wooden formwork, which forms at least several adjacent sides of the step surface, made of veneer-provided, miter-cut and glued formwork panels, in particular chipboard, in the interior of which a reinforcement is arranged, and one in the space between Reinforcement and wooden formwork cast, hardened filling compound made of cement-bound concrete, whereby a separating layer made of synthetic resin is provided between the surface of the wooden formwork and the concrete delimiting the interior, which on its side facing the concrete serves as adhesive bridges between the concrete and the wooden formwork, sanding, splitting or od.
  • a lost wooden formwork which forms at least several adjacent sides of the step surface, made of veneer-provided, miter-cut and glued formwork panels, in particular chipboard, in the interior of which a reinforcement is arranged, and one in the space between Reinforcement and wooden formwork cast, hardened filling compound made of cement-bound concrete, whereby a separating layer made of synthetic resin is provided between the surface of
  • the invention relates to a method for producing such a stair step from a lost wooden formwork which forms at least several adjoining sides of the step surface from veneer-provided, miter-cut formwork panels, in particular chipboard, which are on the outside of the veneer with a slight mutual spacing in the area the miter joints are connected by adhesive tape, the miter gap is filled from the inside with synthetic resin and the surface of the wooden formwork that delimits the interior is provided with a separating layer made of synthetic resin, whereupon a connecting layer of sanding, splitting or the like is applied to the separating layer and into the interior with cement-bound concrete is poured.
  • a step of the type described above is known from DE-PS 28 45 699.
  • the wooden formwork is also glued in the area of the miter joints with the synthetic resin, which forms a connection and separation layer on the surface of the wooden formwork that delimits the interior.
  • Polyester, acrylic, epoxy or the like can be used as the synthetic resin.
  • the connection to the cement-bound concrete is made by sanding, splitting or the like, the individual grains of sand, pebbles or the like being anchored on one side in the synthetic resin layer and on the other hand forming a bond with the cement-bound concrete free of synthetic resin.
  • the miter or miter joints on the individual formwork panels which are also already veneered on the outside, are cut as a smooth, continuous cut at an angle greater than 45 °, preferably 45.5 °.
  • the surface visible from the outside i.e. the veneer in the area of the miter joints
  • the invention has for its object to develop a stair step of the type described above or to design the method described so that the disadvantages described in the area of miter joints no longer occur or are considerably mitigated in terms of their undesirable effect.
  • this is achieved in a step of the type described at the outset in that, at least in the region of an upper longitudinal edge of the step, the miter is cut off at least on one side in such a way that at least the veneer protrudes from the cutting plane of the formwork panel and a narrow one between the two adjacent veneers and between the two adjacent formwork panels there is another miter gap filled with adhesive.
  • the invention is therefore used in particular in the area of an upper longitudinal edge of the step, namely the step edge, which is readily visible in the built-in staircase with a normal plan view, that is to say is most eye-catching and is also exposed to the most stress when the staircase is climbed.
  • the invention can be used not only in the area of one longitudinal edge, but also several or all of the longitudinal edges. This applies in particular to the four upper longitudinal edges of a step in the installed state.
  • This gap which is designed to be non-uniform, is formed particularly well when the miter is cut off on both sides.
  • a relatively broad phase can also be worked on in the area of the veneers, in which case only a relatively narrow gap filled with synthetic resin becomes visible, for example in the middle of the phase.
  • the resin in the area of the miter gaps can also be colored or provided with color pigments that are adapted to the outside of the surface according to the color of the veneer, a perfect appearance can be achieved in this way, so that the narrow miter gap filled with resin is no longer visible from a distance of about 1 m from a staircase, i.e. at normal distance.
  • a secure connection between them is achieved via the art, since a relatively wide miter gap is available here, which can be easily filled with the synthetic resin, even if the formwork panels have already been erected have been fixed.
  • the free edge of the protruding veneer in the area of the narrow miter gap can be rounded, so that in this way, in particular when rounding the protruding veneer edges on both sides, it is possible to create surfaces or rolling surfaces that act as if they were articulated and that have an exactly angular position of the formwork panels in the erected state guarantee or enable.
  • the miter should be cut off on one side, but preferably on both sides, so that the veneer or small parts of the adjacent formwork panel protrude from the other parts of the formwork panel. It is also possible that the miter in the formwork panels, ie not in the area of the veneers, at an angle greater than 45 0, preferably, is cut 46.5 °. As a result, the wide miter gap in the area of the formwork panels is angled inwards, which is only conducive to the introduction of the synthetic resin.
  • the synthetic resin which creates the connection in the area of the miter gaps, can also be pulled over the entire inner surface of the wooden formwork, which faces the cement-bound concrete, in order to first of all provide a separating layer against the ingress of water from the cement-bound concrete into the wooden formwork to prevent and on the other hand to carry the sanding, splitting or the like and thus to realize the adhesive bridges between the concrete and the wooden formwork.
  • the formwork panels can also have a double separating layer made of synthetic resin on their surface delimiting the interior, which can also extend beyond the bonded miter joints, the sanding, splitting or the like also being provided for the second separating layer facing the concrete.
  • the application of two separating layers or a double separating layer made of synthetic resin or of different synthetic resins has the advantage that the first separating layer can first be applied as a sealing separating layer and at least partially cured before one second separation layer is applied and the sanding is preferably inflated.
  • the grains of sand provided with kinetic energy are then able to partially penetrate into the second separating layer, but they cannot penetrate the first separating layer and thus cannot injure them, so that the first separating layer certainly performs its final function against the ingress of water from the cement-bound concrete in the wooden formwork.
  • the miter which is offset at least on one side, can be provided on three adjoining or on all four edges of the surface forming the tread surface of the step in the installed state.
  • This design can be expediently used in combination with a different type of miter in the region of the edges which face away from the tread surface, that is to say around the underside of the step.
  • the formwork panels forming the side walls can have a mitred step on their edges facing away from the tread of the stair tread in such a way that a projection, in particular an undercut, projects in the area of the formwork panel.
  • a projection which in particular forms an undercut, is arranged in the area of the formwork panel, not in the area of the veneers.
  • This projection is advantageous in two respects; it can form an additional anchor in the area of the lower longitudinal edges of a stair step in the concrete if, as is quite possible with a cellar staircase, the underside of the stair step does not have a formwork panel, but here the smooth concrete Surface forms.
  • the pre-undercut in particular However, a jump is also useful if a formwork panel is also used as a cover on the underside of the step.
  • the projection is then arranged such that it forms a support for the use of a cover forming the underside of the step in the installed state. This prevents the side walls from spreading apart when a cover is put on. By placing the cover on the protrusion, the action of side forces on the side walls as a result of putting the cover on is avoided.
  • a reinforcing insert made of glass fibers can be provided in the region of the double separating layer made of synthetic resin.
  • the reinforcement insert can also consist of other material, of textile-shaped mats or of staple fibers made of glass, which are already present in the plastic.
  • the particular advantage in connection with such training is the fact that large tensile and bending stresses can be absorbed according to the stress. This makes it possible to use lightweight concrete instead of heavy concrete, especially if the steel reinforcement is retained. Such a step reduces the weight considerably, which in particular leads to easier assembly, since the steps, which are difficult per se, can be handled better and more easily here.
  • the method for producing a stair step with the above-mentioned steps is characterized in that, at least in the area of the upper longitudinal edge of the stair step, the miter is cut at least on one side so that at least the veneer protrudes from the cutting plane of the formwork panel so that the erected state the formwork panels are fixed and the miter gap is filled from the inside with synthetic resin, and that after the at least partial hardening of the synthetic resin separating layer, a second synthetic resin separating layer is applied, to which the sanding, chipping or the like is applied before hardening.
  • the possibility of introducing the synthetic resin in this way in the erected state of the formwork panels, that is to say at an angle to one another, makes it possible to meter the synthetic resin more precisely and to work reliably without large excess material.
  • the comparatively narrow miter gap in the area of the veneers simultaneously ensures that only a relatively small amount can pass through to the outside during the introduction of the synthetic resin.
  • this is not annoying because it is partially eliminated when the phase is being worked on and, on the other hand, this ensures that the miter joint is also filled with synthetic resin in the area of the narrow miter gap and that no air bubbles are included.
  • the double arrangement of the separating layer also allows a comparatively economical use of the synthetic resin and nevertheless optimal protection.
  • the first separation layer that is to say the separation layer applied first, is at least partially cured before the second separation layer is applied.
  • the second separating layer can be applied just as sparingly, whereby the sanding, splitting or the like can advantageously be applied by inflation.
  • the individual grains of sand penetrate into the second separation layer and anchor themselves on this contact side within the separation layer.
  • they are free from synthetic resin and can therefore bind the cement to the cement-bound concrete when it is later filled into the lost wooden formwork.
  • the first separating layer is expediently only applied when the synthetic resin has set in the area of the miter joints, so that the erected lost wooden formwork is already fixed as a spatial body.
  • the erected state of the formwork panels is expediently fixed with sections of the adhesive tape arranged at a distance, that is to say not with an adhesive tape, which passes over the entire longitudinal edge or the longitudinal edges.
  • the narrow miter gap in the area of the veneers is designed to be largely open to the outside, so that there is no inclusion of air bubbles when the synthetic resin is pressed into the miter gap from the inside. This ensures that the miter gap is filled in the area of the narrow gap without the inclusion of air bubbles.
  • a fiber, rounding or the like penetrating the two veneers and the synthetic resin can be attached from the outside. Since the two veneers are located at a very short distance from each other, the visible gap of the synthetic resin at this point becomes particularly narrow and therefore inconspicuous.
  • the stair step shown in FIG. 1 has a formwork panel 1 which forms the tread, that is to say is arranged upward. Adjacent to the formwork panel 1, four formwork panels 2, 3, 4, 5 forming the side walls are provided. Between the two formwork panels 1 and 2, the upper longitudinal edge 6 of the step is formed, which is exposed to stress when walking in a special way. On its other long side, the formwork panel 2 sits at the bottom on the longitudinal edge 7. The stair step shown therefore has no formwork panel on its underside parallel to the formwork panel 1. All around, the formwork panel 1 or the tread of the stair tread has the edges 6, 8, 9, 10.
  • the formwork panels 1 and 2 consist for example of chipboard according to the section and are covered with veneers 11 and 12 on the outside. Since the upper longitudinal edge 6 forms a right angle, the miter is aligned in a special way with the 45 ° line 13. 2, the formwork panels 1 and 2 are formed on both sides symmetrically to the 45 0 line 13 or the corresponding plane. The formwork panels 1 and 2 are cut at an angle of 45 °, so that the cutting planes 14 and 15 are formed, which form a wide miter gap 16 between them. The cut on each formwork panel, which was understandably previously connected to the veneer, is now performed in such a way that the veneers are each ge protrude from the cutting plane.
  • the veneer 12 on the formwork panel 2 protrudes from the cutting plane 14 by the dimension 17, which can be of the order of 1 to 2 mm.
  • the veneers 11 and 12 cannot be placed directly on top of one another everywhere along the upper longitudinal edge 6 of the stair step, but they are at least partially in a narrow miter gap 18 corresponding to twice the dimension 19 from one another to be reserved.
  • the cutting plane 14 is thus 2o from the 45 ° line 13. The same applies to the formwork panel 1 or its veneer 11 if, as shown in FIG. 2, the miter is cut off on both sides.
  • the two formwork panels 1 and 2 together form the wide miter gap 16, which merges into the narrow miter gap 18 in the area of the veneers 11 and 12.
  • This entire miter gap or space 21 is filled with synthetic resin as an adhesive, which brings about the connection between the two formwork panels 1 and 2 and the two veneers 11 and 12.
  • this synthetic resin When this synthetic resin is inserted from the inside in a right-angled state between the formwork panels 1 and 2, the synthetic resin also exits the narrow miter gap 18 to the outside in a limited manner.
  • a phase as shown in FIG. 4 can be worked on after the hardening of the synthetic resin, so that only the narrow miter gap 18 remains visible.
  • the veneers 11 and 12 are rounded on the inside in the projecting area, that is, where they reach the synthetic resin.
  • a first separating layer 23 made of synthetic resin for example made of polyester, acrylic, epoxy resin or the like, is applied to the inner surface of the formwork panels 1, 2, etc.
  • This first separating layer 23 is at least partially hardened so that it closes the inner surface of the lost wooden formwork with certainty and effectively protects against the entry of water when the cement-bound concrete is later poured into the lost wooden formwork.
  • the second separating layer 24 made of synthetic resin is applied, which, like the first separating layer, extends over the entire inner surface.
  • sanding or splintering or the like is inflated onto this second separating layer 24, in such a way that the individual grains of sand can firmly anchor themselves on the one hand in the separating layer 24, but on the other hand out of this separating layer in the direction of the later protrude concrete.
  • the lost wooden formwork is poured out with cement-bound concrete 27 as a filling compound. In this way, a carpet step is created which has a concrete core with corresponding reinforcement 26 on the inside and which has the appearance of a wooden step with its decorative beauty.
  • the two formwork panels 1 and 2 and the associated veneers 11 and 12 are in turn cut on both sides in a stepped manner, symmetrically to the 45 ° line 13.
  • the design is such that the cutting planes 14 and 15 in are placed at an angle to each other, so not parallel, so that the miter gap 21 widens inwards and thus favors the introduction of the synthetic resin from the inside.
  • the cutting contour is offset in the manner shown, i.e. still in the area of the formwork panels 1 and 2, the cutting line bends inward relative to the cutting planes 14 and 15, i.e.
  • the cutting line is angled back to the veneers 11 and 12, so that here the veneers 11 and 12 are cut off parallel to one another and straight and thus form a very narrow miter gap 18 at this point.
  • the wide miter gap 16 changes its dimension along the 45 0 line 13. But even with this design, the veneers 11 and 12 can be brought very close together to form a narrow miter gap 18 in the erected position and by the synthetic resin in Miter gap 21 are connected. While the two separating layers 23 and 24 according to FIG. 2 can be made thin or approximately the same thickness, it is also possible, according to FIG. 3, to keep the first separating layer 23 even thinner than the second separating layer 24, which is comparatively thicker is trained.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the cutting planes 14 and 15 run parallel to one another and at a distance from the 45 ° line 13. Within the formwork panels 1 and 2, the cutting line then folds inwards, in order then to run parallel again in the area of the narrow miter gap 18. This narrow miter gap 18 also continues in the area of veneers 11 and 12. The phase 28 that has already been worked on can already be seen here. It can be clearly seen how comparatively large distances of the veneer 11 or 12 and only a narrow gap of the synthetic resin from the miter gap 21 can be seen on the outside through this oblique cut.
  • Fig. 5 shows a miter set off on one side.
  • the formwork panel 1 and the veneer 11 are cut according to the 45 0 line 13.
  • the sectional plane 14 of the formwork panel 2 is provided here at an angle with respect to the 45 ° line 13, but also so that the veneer 12 also protrudes here.
  • the narrow gap 18 and a correspondingly wide gap 16, which changes its size along the 45 0 line, are formed.
  • FIG. 6 and 7 show designs in the region of the lower longitudinal edge 7.
  • a step is shown which has no formwork panel at the bottom.
  • the formwork panel 2 - like the other formwork panels 3, 4 and 5 - have a miter that is stepped in such a way that cut off more obliquely than the 45 ° line 13, a projection 29 is formed which expediently forms an undercut.
  • the first separating layer 23 as well as the second separating layer 24 extend over the miter to the lower longitudinal edge 7, so that the wood is effectively protected here. Close to the pouring of the concrete 27 there is not only a connection to the sanding 25, but also an additional hooking in the undercut 30 on the projection 29.
  • the step also has a formwork panel 31 with veneer 32 to be used as a cover.
  • the projection 29 is designed and arranged here in such a way that it corresponds to the overall wall thickness of the panel lungplatte 31 and the veneer 32 is formed and arranged, so that the formwork plate 31 can be supported on the projection 29.
  • the miter gap 33 formed here is also filled with synthetic resin, which may possibly still enter the interior somewhat inwardly, where the individual parts are already provided with the two separating layers 23 and 24 and the sanding 25.
  • the wall-side formwork panel 5 may be missing or may only be used after the cement-bound concrete has been installed.
  • Figures 8-1o show different process steps in the manufacture of a straight step.
  • the four formwork panels 1, 2, 3, 4 are cut to size and miter, as has been explained with reference to FIGS. 2-7.
  • the formwork panels are then fixed together with individual sections 34 of adhesive tape in the manner shown, the adhesive tape being glued onto the outside of the veneers.
  • the formwork panels 2, 3 and 4 are raised at right angles so that they have the shape shown in FIG. 9.
  • the synthetic resin is first introduced into the miter gap 21. After the setting, the two separating layers 23 and 24 are applied and the sanding 25. Then the reinforcement 26 is inserted.
  • the formwork panel 31 serving as a cover is likewise provided with the two separating layers 23 and 24 and the sanding 25, this formwork panel 31 being mitred, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • synthetic resin is applied to the still open miter surfaces of the formwork panels 2, 3 and 4 and the formwork panel 31 is inserted.
  • This synthetic resin can also be used to erect the lost formwork, as shown in Fig. 1o, so that the cement-bound concrete is filled according to arrow 35.
  • a formwork panel 5 can be put on. If such a formwork panel is missing, the concrete is smeared off flush.
  • stair treads can also be produced without using the formwork panel 31.
  • a corresponding formwork panel 5 is used.
  • the concrete is then poured in according to analogous process steps and in accordance with arrow 36 in FIG. 11.
  • the concrete is then smoothed off at the top, so that the formation according to FIG. 6 results at this point.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP81109950A 1980-11-28 1981-11-27 Marche d'escalier et procédé pour sa réalisation Expired EP0053371B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81109950T ATE12805T1 (de) 1980-11-28 1981-11-27 Treppenstufe und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3044796 1980-11-28
DE3044796A DE3044796C2 (de) 1980-11-28 1980-11-28 Trittplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0053371A2 true EP0053371A2 (fr) 1982-06-09
EP0053371A3 EP0053371A3 (en) 1983-09-28
EP0053371B1 EP0053371B1 (fr) 1985-04-17

Family

ID=6117766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81109950A Expired EP0053371B1 (fr) 1980-11-28 1981-11-27 Marche d'escalier et procédé pour sa réalisation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0053371B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE12805T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3044796C2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10611095B2 (en) 2017-05-02 2020-04-07 Wood & Wood, Inc. Vitrine and method for making a vitrine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105220842A (zh) * 2015-09-01 2016-01-06 南通协鑫热熔胶有限公司 一种楼梯护角爪型结构

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2845699C2 (de) * 1978-10-20 1980-11-27 Alfred 3401 Seulingen Jagemann Treppenstufe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10611095B2 (en) 2017-05-02 2020-04-07 Wood & Wood, Inc. Vitrine and method for making a vitrine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0053371B1 (fr) 1985-04-17
EP0053371A3 (en) 1983-09-28
DE3044796C2 (de) 1983-02-03
ATE12805T1 (de) 1985-05-15
DE3044796A1 (de) 1982-06-03

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