EP0053582B1 - Système de construction modulé composé par des joints et des hampes pour structures aux grillages spatiaux - Google Patents
Système de construction modulé composé par des joints et des hampes pour structures aux grillages spatiaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0053582B1 EP0053582B1 EP81830116A EP81830116A EP0053582B1 EP 0053582 B1 EP0053582 B1 EP 0053582B1 EP 81830116 A EP81830116 A EP 81830116A EP 81830116 A EP81830116 A EP 81830116A EP 0053582 B1 EP0053582 B1 EP 0053582B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shafts
- spheres
- introduction
- caps
- converge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
- E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/1906—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor with central spherical, semispherical or polyhedral connecting element
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
- E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
- E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
- E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
- E04B2001/1966—Formlocking connections other than screw connections
- E04B2001/1969—Ball and socket type connection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
- E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
- E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
- E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
- E04B2001/1987—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework triangular grid
Definitions
- the invention relates to a joint for three-dimensional structures with spatial grids, of geometric pyramidal and tetrahedral base module, composed by two caps of variable thickness, hemispherical, hollow and symmetrical, fundamental object of the patent, which, joined together by a central bolt which crosses them, enclose the spherical ends of twelve shafts, by means of four large orthogonal slits between them and four semi-circular holes also arranged orthogonally, which are placed in each of the two caps.
- Spatial reticular structures with a pyramidal and tetrahedral base module are very specific structures. They are composed by a multiplicity of joints and stems and are characterized by the convergence, in each joint, of twelve stems, four of which lie on the same horizontal plane by forming square grids, and eight direct oblique in all directions, four for each part of space defined by the horizontal stems.
- Patent DE-A-2 815 243 is composed by two flat plates (1) which, by means of the cavities (3) enclose the spherical ends of the stems (8), by means of a central bolt (5). This system allows the assembly of a maximum of six stems which are all arranged on the same plane. The plate (1) therefore only allows the production of two-dimensional flat structures.
- the patent DE-A-2520510 is formed by two symmetrical parts (14) and by a central part (12), which, by means of a central bolt (24) allow the introduction of ten converging stems , but all perpendicular to each other.
- This system only allows the creation of orthogonal structures with a right cubic base module.
- the shaft traction yields are not sufficiently absorbed by the two parts, and even by changing their thickness, it is not possible to balance these forces when are high. Indeed, by increasing the thickness of the plates of DE-A-2 815 243, there is no advantage in preventing the exit of the spheres outside the cavities (3) when there are greater tensile forces.
- the traction efficiency of the shaft is absorbed only from the flares (18), (20), (22) of the knot, independently of the thickness of the elements (14) and ( 12) which make up the joint.
- the aim of the present invention is the production of large three-dimensional spatial structures with a pyramidal and tetrahedral base module, formed by joints where twelve poles converge at the same time: four direct in a horizontal plane, and eight direct in all directions in the 'space.
- This geometric configuration is impossible to achieve by the two cited patents, even in their combination.
- Another object of the present invention is to balance the traction yields by varying the thickness of the cap, so that all the forces are easily absorbed by the joint.
- the present invention solves the problem of achieving the convergence of twelve direct rods in all directions in space, by means of the particular shape of the hemispherical and hollow cap, and of the slots which allow the introduction of the rods. At the same time the traction forces of the poles are absorbed by the cap which can vary its own thickness without altering the internal mechanism of the knot.
- the advantages obtained thanks to this invention essentially consist in making spatial reticular structures with a pyramidal and tetrahedral base module, where, in all the nodes, they converge twelve shafts, supplied with a ball for each of their ends, assembled by means of '' a central bolt, where the tensile forces are absorbed by the thickness of the cap and by external ribs.
- the knot is, from the static point of view, a hinge, and that allows the introduction of stems of different length in the same structure, by realizing all the forms either curved, or plane, in space.
- FIG. 1 represents the geometrical diagrams achievable in accordance with the present invention, and the pyramidal and tetrahedral basic module composed by nodes in which they converge twelve shafts.
- Figure 2 shows the plans and sections of the cap, object of this patent, of which the seal is composed.
- FIG. 3 shows the stems that make up the joint, in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows the overview in axonometry and the assembly of parts.
- the figures represent the geometrical diagrams and a joint for spatial reticular structures with pyramidal and tetrahedral basic module.
- the joint (fig. 2) assembles 12 stems (fig. 4) and is essentially composed by two hollow, symmetrical hemispherical caps, endowed with four large slots 4 orthogonal to each other, and four semi-circular holes 5 also arranged orthogonally; the slots 4 are used for the introduction of the spherical ends of the oblique shafts, the semi-circular holes 5 are used for the introduction of the spherical ends of the horizontal shafts.
- the caps are assembled by bolt 1 (fig.
- the sub-mentioned slots 4 and the holes 5 allow easy introduction of the spheres 9, and the following rotation of them after blocking.
- the cap shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4 is provided externally with ribs 6 to absorb the tensile forces of the poles.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
Description
- L'invention concerne un joint pour structures tridimensionnelles aux grillages spatiaux, de module géométrique de base pyramidale et tétraédrique, composé par deux calottes d'épaisseur variable, hémisphériques, creuses et symétriques, objet fondamental du brevet, lesquelles, unies ensemble par un boulon central qui les traverse, renferment les bouts sphériques de douze hampes, au moyen de quatre grandes fentes orthogonales entre elles et quatre trous semi-circulaires aussi disposés orthogonalement, qui sont placés dans chacune des deux calottes.
- Les structures réticulaires spatiales à module de base pyramidale et tétraédrique sont des structures très particulières. Elles sont composées par une multiplicité de joints et de hampes et sont caractérisées par la convergence, en chacun joint, de douze hampes, quatre desquelles se trouvent sur le même plan horizontal en formant des grilles carrées, et huit oblique directes en toutes les directions, quatre pour chaque partie d'espace définie par les hampes horizontales.
- On connaît déjà deux types de joints où ils convergent des hampes douées de sphères aux extrémités et formés par deux parties symétriques unies ensemble par un boulon central (DE-A-2 815 243 et DE-A-2 520 510) correspondants en part au préambule de la revendication 1. Le brevet DE-A-2 815 243 est composé par deux plats plans (1) qui, au moyen des cavités (3) renferment les bouts sphériques des hampes (8), au moyen d'un boulon central (5). Ce système-ci permet l'assemblage d'un maximum de six hampes qui sont toutes disposées sur le même plan. Le plat (1) permet donc seulement la réalisation de structures planes à deux dimensions. D'une manière analogue le brevet DE-A-2520510 est formé par deux parties symmétriques (14) et par une partie centrale (12), lesquelles, au moyen d'un boulon central (24) permettent l'introduction de dix hampes convergentes, mais toutes perpendiculaires entre elles. Ce système-ci permet seulement la réalisation de structures orthogonales à module de base cubique droit. A cela s'ajoute le fait que dans les brevets cités, les rendements de traction des hampes ne sont pas suffisamment absorbés par les deux parties, et même en changeant leur épaisseur, il n'est pas possible d'équilibrer ces efforts lorsqu'ils sont élevés. En effet, en augmentant l'épaisseur des plats de DE-A-2 815 243, on n'a aucun avantage pour empêcher la sortie des sphères au dehors des cavités (3) lorsque il y a des efforts de traction plus grands. D'une manière analogue en DE-A-2520510 le rendement de traction de l'hampe est absorbé seulement des évasements (18), (20), (22) du noeud, indépendamment de l'épaisseur des éléments (14) et (12) qui composent le joint.
- Le but de la présente invention est la réalisation de grandes structures spatiales tridimensionnelles à module de base pyramidale et tétraédrique, formées par des joints où convergent en même temps douze hampes : quatre directes selon un plan horizontal, et huit directes en toutes les directions dans l'espace. Cette configuration géométrique est impossible à réaliser par les deux brevets cités, même en leur combination. Un autre but de la présente invention est d'équilibrer les rendements de traction par la variation d'épaisseur de la calotte, de sorte que toutes les forces sont facilement absorbées par le joint.
- La présente invention résout le problème de réaliser la convergence de douze hampes directes en toutes les directions dans l'espace, au moyen de la particulière forme de la calotte hémisphérique et creuse, et des fentes qui permettent l'introduction des hampes. En même temps les efforts de traction des hampes sont absorbés par la calotte qui peut varier sa propre épaisseur sans altérer le mécanisme intérieur du nceud.
- Les avantages obtenus grâce à cette invention consistent essentiellement à réaliser des structures réticulaires spatiales à module de base pyramidale et tétraédrique, où, dans tous les noeuds, ils convergent douze hampes, fournies d'une bille pour chacun de leurs bouts, assemblées au moyen d'un boulon central, où les efforts de traction sont absorbés par l'épaisseur de la calotte et par des nervures extérieures. Le noeud est, sous le point de vue statique, une charnière, et ça permet l'introduction de hampes de différente longueur dans la même structure, en réalisant toutes les formes soit courbes, soit planes, dans l'espace.
- L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide de dessins représentant seulement un mode d'exécution.
- La figure 1 représente les schémas géométriques réalisables conformément à la présente invention, et le module de base pyramidale et tétraédrique composé par des noeuds dans lesquels ils convergent douze hampes.
- La figure 2 représente les plans et les coupes de la calotte, objet du présent brevet, dont le joint est composé.
- La figure 3 représente les hampes qui composent le joint, conformément à la présente invention.
- La figure 4 représente la vue d'ensemble en axonométrie et l'assemblage des pièces.
- Les figures représentent les schémas géométriques et un joint pour structures réticulaires spatiales à module de base pyramidal et tétraédrique. Le joint (fig. 2) assemble 12 hampes (fig. 4) et est composé essentiellement par deux calottes hémisphériques creuses et symétriques, douées de quatre grandes fentes 4 orthogonales entre elles, et quatre trous semi-circulaires 5 aussi disposés orthogonalement ; les fentes 4 servent pour l'introduction des bouts sphériques des hampes obliques, les trous semi-circulaires 5 servent pour l'introduction des bouts sphériques des hampes horizontales. Les calottes sont assemblées par le boulon 1 (fig. 4) qui, à travers un trou central 2 de la calotte, renferme douze hampes 7 liées par le raccord 8 aux sphères 9, par un écrou 10 qui peut s'introduire dans une emboi- ture 3. Soit les quatre sphères des hampes horizontales, que les sphères des hampes obliques, sont tangentes directement entre elles et au boulon central 1.
- Conformément à la présente invention, les sousmentionnées fentes 4 et les trous 5, permettent une facile introduction des sphères 9, et la suivante rotation d'elles après le blocage. La calotte représentée en fig. 2 et fig. 4, est pourvue extérieurement de nervures 6 pour absorber les efforts de traction des hampes.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81830116T ATE32761T1 (de) | 1980-12-03 | 1981-07-14 | System einer modul-konstruktion aus gelenken und staeben fuer raeumliche fachwerke. |
| US06/362,971 US4480418A (en) | 1981-07-14 | 1982-03-29 | Modular system for space grid structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8040454A IT1209778B (it) | 1980-12-03 | 1980-12-03 | Sistema costruttivo modulare composto da giunti ed aste per strutture reticolari spaziali |
| IT4045480 | 1980-12-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0053582A1 EP0053582A1 (fr) | 1982-06-09 |
| EP0053582B1 true EP0053582B1 (fr) | 1988-03-02 |
Family
ID=11249848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81830116A Expired EP0053582B1 (fr) | 1980-12-03 | 1981-07-14 | Système de construction modulé composé par des joints et des hampes pour structures aux grillages spatiaux |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0053582B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE32761T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3176669D1 (fr) |
| IT (1) | IT1209778B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE8405432L (sv) * | 1983-11-09 | 1985-05-10 | Dymet Dimensions | Koppling for stellningar och liknande |
| GB8330122D0 (en) * | 1983-11-11 | 1983-12-21 | Stephenson C J S | Connector for framework structure |
| FR2566851B1 (fr) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-12-26 | Technal France | Ensemble formant noeud d'assemblage universel pour une structure tridimensionnelle |
| CH668104A5 (de) * | 1984-11-28 | 1988-11-30 | Paul H Hirzel | Verbindungsanordnung fuer streben. |
| GB2199865B (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1989-09-06 | Garry Randall Hart | Adjustable space frames |
| DE8712119U1 (de) * | 1987-09-07 | 1987-10-29 | Lüdemann & Co Werkstätten für Messestände, 2000 Norderstedt | Knotenelement zur Verbindung von Stabelementen |
| GB8825597D0 (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1988-12-07 | Universal Components | Beam clamp assembly for conservatories |
| HU205437B (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1992-04-28 | Laszlo Horvath | Space-limiting structure particularly for establishing exhibition premises and similars |
| IT1260770B (it) * | 1992-12-10 | 1996-04-22 | Ettore Ventrella | Giunto per strutture tridimensionali reticolari |
| GB2300240A (en) * | 1995-04-25 | 1996-10-30 | Bailey Ralph Peter Steven | Constructional system |
| WO1998040579A1 (fr) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-09-17 | Haesler Peter | Poutre en treillis |
| ES2168982B1 (es) * | 2000-08-23 | 2003-11-01 | Riccardo Marzullo | Elemento modular para la creacion de estructuras geometricas tridimensionales. |
| DE102007014833A1 (de) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Technische Universität Dresden | Freitragendes Glasdach als Raumfachwerk |
| CN105986620A (zh) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-10-05 | 天津大学 | 铝合金焊接空心球节点 |
| CN113883337B (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-03-24 | 山东华尔泰建筑工程有限公司 | 一种应用于单层球形网架钢结构车间的消防管道架设机构 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1459963A1 (de) * | 1964-05-20 | 1969-10-23 | Willi Herold | Knotenstuecke fuer Flaechen- oder Raumgitterwerke |
| DE2520510A1 (de) * | 1975-05-07 | 1976-11-18 | Otto Baessler | Verbindungs-knotenstueck |
| DE2815243A1 (de) * | 1978-04-08 | 1979-10-11 | Ernst Ing Grad Sander | Schalentragwerk aus knotenpunktverbindungen und tragwerksstaeben sowie verfahren zur errichtung desselben |
| DE2913703A1 (de) * | 1979-04-05 | 1980-10-16 | Vki Rheinhold & Mahla Gmbh | Raeumliches netzwerk |
-
1980
- 1980-12-03 IT IT8040454A patent/IT1209778B/it active
-
1981
- 1981-07-14 DE DE8181830116T patent/DE3176669D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-07-14 EP EP81830116A patent/EP0053582B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-07-14 AT AT81830116T patent/ATE32761T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1209778B (it) | 1989-08-30 |
| ATE32761T1 (de) | 1988-03-15 |
| IT8040454A0 (it) | 1980-12-03 |
| DE3176669D1 (en) | 1988-04-07 |
| EP0053582A1 (fr) | 1982-06-09 |
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